Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Ribavirin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Standard of Care

Hepatitis B virus ; immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; immunology ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance

1.0?10~7 copies/mL. The HBsAg IHC staining positive cells could be observed in 6 placental tissues and 3 fetus' liver tissues,and HBcAg was also positive in 1 case of fetus' liver tissue.After co-incubating the tropho- blastic cells and HBV DNA positive serum in vitro,HBsAg expression and HBV DNA could be detected.Apoptosis of HBV-infected trophoblastic cells increased,which was demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro experiments and the apoptosis of placental cells was correlated with the cord blood HBV DNA level.The results of in vitro experiments showed that the apoptosis of trophoblastic cells increased with the elongation of infection time.After 6 months,1 of 12 newborns was positive for HBsAg,HBeAg and anti-HBc,6 was positive for anti-HBs.Conclusions The mechanism of HBV intra-uterine infection may be that HBV breaches the placental barrier and infects the fetus.The localization and replication of HBV in fetal tissues and organs are probably the important factors of chronic HBV infections in neonates.The apoptosis of trophoblastic cells may be the protective mecha- nism for the placental barrier to block the HBV intra-uterine transmission.

There are many viruses causing liver injury in clinic, including hepatophilic and non-hepatophilic viruses. With the extensive vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine and strict management of blood products in newborns, patients with chronic hepatitis B and C will gradually decrease, while liver damage caused by non-hepatitis virus will gradually increase, which should be paid much attention to highly valued by clinicians.

OBJECTIVETo study the difference in prognosis for children with acute viral myocarditis induced ventricular premature beats (VPB) originating from different positions, and to study the role of 99Mtc-MIBI myocardial perfusion ECT in the prognostic evaluation of VPB.

METHODSThe clinical data of 83 children with viral myocarditis induced VPB were retrospectively studied. They were divided into four groups according to the original site of VPB, as shown by the ECG: right ventricular (RV) outflow tract, RV anterior wall and apex, left ventricular (LV) outflow tract, LV anterior wall and apex. All patients were treated with anti-viral drugs and myocardial nutritional medicine. Short-term and long term outcomes in the four groups were compared. The relationship between the results of 99Mtc-MIBI myocardial perfusion ECT and prognosis in 40 patients was observed.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in short-term and long-term effective rates among the four groups (P>0.05). There were no differences in the ECT positive rates between the patients with VPB originating from RV and those with VPB originating from LV (P>0.05). The treatment effective rates of ECT-positive patients were higher than the treatment effective rates of ECT-negative ones (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe short-term and long-term prognosis of children with VPB originating from different positions are not significantly different. In children with viral myocarditis induced VPB, positive ECT results suggest a better prognosis.

Acute Disease ; Humans ; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging ; methods ; Myocarditis ; complications ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi ; Ventricular Premature Complexes ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Virus Diseases ; complications

Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; transmission ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; prevention & control ; Nucleotides ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; prevention & control

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferons ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Genotype ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Polyethylene Glycols ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; RNA, Viral ; blood ; Ribavirin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Viral Load

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Retreatment

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Nucleotides ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome