Objective To evaluate the efficacy of entecavir in lamivudine-refractory patients with chronic hepatitis B.Methods Literature from Medline,Embase and CBM between January 2001 to December 2008 were reviewed.Acccording to the including and excwding criteria,four randomized controlled trials (RCT) were enrolled.The results of the trials were reviewed and analysed in software Revman 4.2.Results Patients in the entecavir group enjoyed significantly higher negative conversion ratios of HBV-DNA and ALT,and positive seroconversion of HBeAg:RR were 13.90(95% CI 6.39～30.24,P＜0.00001),2.49(95% CI 1.40～4.45,P=0.002),and 3.53 (95% CI 2.85～4.38,P＜0.000 01) respectively.There was a trend for the improvement of negative conversion ratio of HBeAg (RR=2.27,95% CI 1.00～5.15,P=0.05),but the incidence of side-effects of the drugs has no difference (RR=1.05,95% CI 0.97～1.14,P=0.21).Conclusions Compared with lamivudine or placebo,entecavir can significantly decrease HBV-DNA,improve liver function and positive seroconversion ratio of HBeAg without raising the incidence of drug side-effects.

AIM: To study the effect of tissue kallikrein gene (HK) treatment on blood pressure in type 2 diabetic rats and its mechanism. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were injected with low dose streptozotocin and fed with diets enriched in fat and sugar to form type 2 diabetic model. Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAV)-mediated HK gene (HK group) or LacZ gene (LacZ group) was introduced to the diabetic rats. The systolic blood pressure was measured every 2 weeks. The acetylcholine (Ach)-dependent vasodilation response, the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), the expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelin-A receptor (ET_A-R) in the aorta were detected. RESULTS: (1) Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in diabetic rats than that in normal control rats. In HK group, systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced within 2 weeks after injection with rAAV?HK, reached near normal levels at 4 weeks and kept until the experiments ended (16 weeks). (2) In LacZ group, Ach-dependent vasodilation response of isolated aorta was markedly decreased than that in HK group (P

OBJECTIVETo analyze the effect of Chinese herbs used by Prof. LI Tao on peripheral blood T subsets in treating multiple sclerosis (MS) by using association rules and statistical methods, thereby providing evidence for optimizing prescriptions.

METHODSData of MS inpatients and outpatients recorded by data collecting system, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences were resorted. The relationship between Chinese herbs and T cell subsets were analyzed using SPSS17.0 and Aprior module in SPSS Clementine 12.0.

RESULTSRadix bupleuri, Radix Paeoniae alba, Fructus Aurantii, Atractylodes, and Radix Glycyrrhizae were most commonly used herbal combinations.Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata and Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae were often added. Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata was associated with decreased Th1 cells (confidence level 83.78%, supportive level 36.26%). Decreased Th1 cell was associated with Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata (confidence level 71.26%, supportive level 36.26%).Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata was obviously associated with decreased Th1 cells. Radix Bupleuri, Radix Paeoniae alba, bitter orange, Atractylodes , Radix glycyrrhizae, and Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata could reduce peripheral blood Th1 subsets of MS patients and elevate Th2 subsets (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe herbal combination of Radix Bupleuri, Radix Paeoniae alba, Fructus Aurantii, Atractylodes, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae, and Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata could lower peripheral blood Th1 cells and elevate Th2 cells, and prevent the relapse of MS possibly by reducing Th1 cells and elevating Th2 cells. Especially Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata played important roles in aforesaid changes of Th1 and Th2.

Aconitum ; chemistry ; Atractylodes ; chemistry ; Bupleurum ; chemistry ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis ; therapy ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Smilacaceae ; chemistry ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; drug effects

Objective To investigate the comparison of clinical effects between two models of alimentary reconstruction after total gastrectomy in the elderly patients with gastric cancer.Methods 70 patients receiving alimentary tract reconstructions of Orr-type Roux-en-Y reconstruction (Orrtype,40 cases) and modified Brawn Ⅰ (30 cases) from January 2007 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.The operative time,amount of bleeding,early postoperative complications and mortality,food intake,nutritional status and alimentary tract function were compared at 6 months after surgery.Results There were no significant differences between the two methods in the operative time [(198.8±14.0)min vs 233.5±30.7)min,t=-l.697,P＞0.05)],amount of bleeding [(420 ± 43) ml vs (340 ± 25) ml t =-1.956,P ＞ 0.05],and early postoperative complications [(17.5％ vs 16.7％),x2 =0.008,P＞0.05].However,times of liquid diet intake and semi liquid diet intake of the Orr-type reconstruction method was comparatively shorter than that of the modified Brawn Ⅰ [(4.8±2.1) d vs (7.6±2.4) d,and (9.5±3.6) d vs (11.5±3.7) d,t=-5.192,P＜0.05)].Nutritional status (weight,hemoglobin,total serum proteins and serum albumin) at 6 months after operation showed no significant differences between the two methods.But constituent ratio of Visick scores Ⅰ-Ⅱ of Orr-type was bigger than that of modified Brawn Ⅰ (86.7％ vs 62.5％,x2 =5.063,P＞0.05).Conclusions Orr-type Roux-en-Y reconstruction method can avoid reflux esophagitis,and the procedure is more simple than the modified Brawn Ⅰ method.Therefore,Orr-type Roux-en-Y reconstruction should be recommended as an adoptable method of digestive reconstruction after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer in the elderly patients.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of one-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) performed with microendoscopic approach.Methods A consecutive series of 56 patients who under went one-level PLIF procedure(24 cases performed with microendoseopic approach and 32 cases with tradition- al open approach)were studied from January 2005 to May 2006.The following data were compared between 2 groups with 12 to 27 months follow-up:estimated blood loss,postoperative drainage,transfusion needs,surgi- cal time,length of hospital stay,postoperative back pain by visual analogue scale,complications,and the clinical and radiographic results.Results The microendoscopic approach was found to have a significantly less blood loss,less postoperative drainage,less needs of transfusion,less postoperative back pain,shorter re- covery time and shorter length of hospital stay.However,the microendoscopic approach needed significantly longer surgical time.There was no significant difference between 2 groups in the aspects of the complications and the clinical and radiographic results.Conclusion The one-level PLIF performed with microendoscopic approach minimize estimated blood loss,length of hospital stay,postoperative back pain.It also shows the ex- cellent surgical efficacy of the microendoscopic approach for suitable patients.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV) expressing human tissue kallikrein gene (rAAV-HK) on insulin resistance and renal complications in tyDe2 diabetic rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were injected low dose streptozotocin and fed with high fat and sucrose diets to form type 2 diabetic model. rAAV mediated HK gene (HK group) or LacZ gene (LacZ group) were introduced to the diabetic rats, and their systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and insulin, serum creatinine, urine creatinine, urine osmolarity and urine microalbumin were measured. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) and creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) were calculated. The expression of PI3-kinase p11o catalytic subunit (p110) and Akt phosphorylation on Thr-308 were detected by Western blot. The morphology of kidney wag observed. Results Delivery of rAAVHK resulted in a reduction in blood pressure at 2 weeks and the hypotensive effect lasted for the duration of the study. The HOMA-IR was significantly lower in HK group than LacZ group (4.76±0.33 vs 8.36±0.48, P<0.01) at the end of the study, fasting insulin level was reduced [(8.19±2.45 vs 13.85±3.76)mIU/L. P<0.01], but there was no significant change in fasting blood glucose [(13.09±3.01 vs 13.58±2.88)mmol/L].The phosphorylation of p11o and Akt Thr-308 were significantly decreased in skeletal muscle and liver in LacZ group and were almost corrected by HK gene therapy. The UAER and Ccr were significantly lower and urinary osmolarity were higher in HK-treated rats compared with LaeZ rats. Histological assessment indicated that the renal complication was relieved by HK gene delivery. Conclusion The rAAV-mediated HK gene delivery efficiently attenuated insulin resistance partly through PI3K/Akt pathway and diabetic nephropathy in type 2diabetic rats.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the predictive value of preoperative Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) for the postoperative complications and survival in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) undergoing laparoscopic radical resection.

METHODSThis retrospective study was conducted in the Beijing Hospital between January 2009 and January 2012. A total of 228 patients with primary CRC undergoing laparoscopic radical resection were analyzed. The GPS was constructed based on routine preoperative blood tests of C-reactive protein and serum albumin. The patients were classified into three groups according to GPS (GPS 0, 1, 2 groups). Survival curves were described by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the Log-rank test. The univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with the Cox proportional hazard model to identify the influence of GPS on prognosis in patients with CRC undergoing laparoscopic radical resection.

RESULTSPreoperative CRP level was increased in 48 cases (21.1%), and preoperative serum albumin level was decreased in 104 cases (45.6%) in the whole group. These 228 patients were classified into 99, 105 and 24 patients in GPS 0, 1, 2 group respectively. GPS was significantly associated with age, preoperative body mass index (BMI), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA19-9, tumor location, tumor differentiation and TNM stage (all P<0.05). Postoperative complication rates of GPS 0, 1, 2 group were 6.1%, 14.3% and 70.8% respectively (χ=59.147, P=0.000). Serious postoperative complication rates were 3.0%, 6.7% and 58.3% respectively (χ=65.807, P=0.000). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that GPS was an independent risk factor of postoperative complications(HR=21.611, 95%CI: 5.936-78.681, P=0.000) and severe complications (HR=35.833, 95%CI: 7.364-174.355, P = 0.000). The 5-year survival rate was 50% and the average total survival time was 58.2 (95% CI: 54.6-61.7) months in the whole group. The median overall survival time in GPS 0, 1, 2 group was 74.6(95%CI: 70.4-78.7) months, 49.8(95%CI: 45.2-54.4) months and 27.8 (95%CI: 21.8-33.8) months respectively(χ=98.425, P=0.000). The median disease-free survival time was 73.9(95%CI: 69.2-78.7) months, 47.4 (95% CI: 41.6-53.1) months and 19.9 (95%CI: 14.8-25.0) months respectively (χ=91.305, P=0.000). GPS was an independent risk factor of disease-free survival (HR=4.840, 95%CI: 2.413-9.709, P=0.000) and overall survival (HR=6.267, 95%CI: 3.073-12.784, P=0.000).

CONCLUSIONSGPS can be used as an effective predictor of the prognosis for patients with CRC undergoing laparoscopic radical surgery. Higher GPS suggests more postoperative complications and worse prognosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; CA-19-9 Antigen ; analysis ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; analysis ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; blood ; surgery ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Serum Albumin ; Survival Rate

This article was aimed to study the therapeutic effects and anti-inflammatory effects of Chinese and west-ern medicine ointment on fungal infection animals. Guinea pig models which were infected with Trichophyton rubrum or Microsporum lanosum were applied to observe the effects of antifungal infections on She-Zhi Qin-Xian (SZQX) ointment by transdermal administration. The ointment is the combination of miconazole nitrate, snake oil and Sophora flavescens which is traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Simultaneously, the models of croton oil-induced mouse ear swelling and carrageenan-induced rat paw swelling were established to observe the curative effect of SZQX ointment. The results showed that the SZQX ointment had a protective role on both guinea pig models. The microscopic scale of localized lesions in infected guinea pigs was significantly decreased (P< 0.01). The effect of SZQX ointment was better than the single using of Chinese or western medicine. The SZQX ointment was also able to significantly reduce the croton oil-induced mouse ear swelling and carrageenan-induced rat paw swelling (P< 0.05, or P< 0.01) with distinct anti-inflammatory effect. And the effect of SZQX ointment was superior to the single using of either Chinese or western medicine. It was concluded that the SZQX ointment had significant antifungal infection and anti-inflam-matory effect.

The relationship between Ala/Ser polymorphism in 133 codon of exon 3 region of the RASSF1 gene and genetic susceptibility of lung cancer in Hubei province Han population was investigated by a case-control study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was adopted to analyze the polymorphism of codon 133 of exon 3 in the RASSF1 gene of 100 pathologically diagnosed lung cancer patients, and 100 healthy controls. The relationship between different genotypes and the susceptibility of lung cancer was analyzed. Among 200 blood samples from Han people in Hubei Province, including 100 from lung cancer patients and 100 from healthy controls, the frequencies of Ala/Ala, Ala/Ser, Ser/Ser genotype of the RASSF1 in lung cancer patients were 83%, 16%, 1%, and those in healthy controls was 93%, 7%, 0% respectively, with the difference being statistically significant between two groups (P<0.05). The individuals with Ala/Ser genotype had higher risk of suffering from lung cancer, with an OR of 2.341, and 95% CI of 1.009-6.393 respectively. It was concluded that RASSF1Ala133Ser was a susceptible genetic factor of lung cancer. Ala/Ser genotype increased the risk of lung cancer.

Objective To study the expression and change of neuropeptide substance P (SP) during the wound healing of deep partial thickness scalding in diabetic rats. Methods Eighty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into diabetes mellitus group (n=42) and control group (n=42). Diabetic rat models were established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in diabetes mellitus group, and those in control group were intraperitoneally injected with aseptic citrate buffer solution. Deep partial thickness scalding with diameter of 2 cm on the back were prepared in all the rats. The pre-scalding and post-scalding wound specimens of different time points were obtained, and the percentages of wound closure were calculated. The wound specimens were also obtained for immunohistological staining to compare the areas with positive staining of SP, and ELISA was employed to detect the expression of SP in the wound tissues. Results The percentage of wound closure was significantly lower in diabetes mellitus group than that in control group from 7 days post-scalding (P< 0.01). The areas with positive staining of SP in diabetes mellitus group were much smaller than those in control group at different time points, which was most significant on the seventh day post-scalding[(1 350.93±99.28) μm2 vs(1 715.86± 103.41) μm2](P < 0.01). The expression of SP in the wound tissues was significantly lower in diabetes mellitus group than that in control group at different time points, which was most significant on the seventh day post-scalding[(114.04±9.96) vs(143.39±8.94)](P<0.01). Conclusion The significantly lower expression of SP in wound site may be one of the causes of delayed wound healing in diabetic rats.