Adult ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

AIM: To observe the efficacy of ondansetron by intravenous injection at different time in preventing nausea and vomiting after pediatric strabismus surgery.METHODS: Totally 90 children aged 3 - 11y were randomly selected for pediatric strabismus surgery from June 2013 to August 2013 in our hospital. The ASA grade of all children were Ⅰ - II. Children were randomly divided into three groups with 30 cases each. Group A received intravenous drip of ondansetron 0. 1mg/kg before surgery. Group B received intravenous drip of ondansetron 0. 1mg/kg after surgery. Group C as control group was not given ondansetron. The number and severity of nausea and vomiting were observed within 24h after surgery.
RESULTS: There were no statistical significance in patients' gender, weight, age, duration of anesthesia, ketamine dosage and vital signs intraoperative between the three groups ( P > 0. 05 ). The incidence rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV) of group A and B were significantly lower than group C (P<0. 05). The incidence rate of PONV of group A and group B have no significant difference (P>0. 05).
CONCLUSION:Using ondansetron is effective and safe in preventing PONV before and at the end of the pediatric strabismus surgery, which can also improve safety and be lower cost. It is a worthy promoting antiemetic approach for eye surgery.

OBJECTIVE:To put forward policy suggestions on the selection and revision of National Essential Drug List (NEDL) in China. METHODS: The selection principles, criteria and procedures of WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and Australia’s Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme Directory which was commonly regarded as Essential Drug List of Australia were analyzed to provide reference for the selection and revision of NEDL in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: The selection and revision of NEDL which were strongly supported by related policies demand active participation of all social sectors, open and transparent working procedures, scientific and operational methods for selection and revision, authoritative monitoring and aftereffect evaluation system.

Objective To study the effect of trachea intubation and mechanical ventilation on the prognosis and discharge rate of patients with successful cardiac-pulmonary resuscitation.Method The clinical data of 389 patients,who were admitted from January 2005 to February 2007,were retrospectively analyzed.The relation between trachea intubation time and discharge rate was studied.According to the time from cardiac arrest to finishing trachea intubation,patients were divided into group A (within 3 minutes,n=209) and group B (over 3 minutes,n=143);according to the time from reaching emergency medicine department to finishing trachea intubation,the rest patients were divided into group C (within 5 minutes,n=9) and group D (over 5 minutes, n=38) minutes.The discharge rate was calculated between groups.The software of SPSS 11.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results The successful rate was 9.75% (389/3988),and 59 patients were discharged, with discharge rate 1.48% (59/3988).The discharge rate of group A was 19.62% (41/209),and was significantly higher than that of group B 6.99 % (10/143) (P

A novel series of fingolimod analogues containing diphenyl ether moiety were designed and synthesized based on the modification of immunosuppressive agent fingolimod used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Compounds were evaluated in vivo for lymphopenic activity and heart rate affection. Most compounds showed moderate lymphopenic activity. It is worth noting that compounds 6c, 6d and 14c-14e showed considerable immunosuppressive activities comparable to fingolimod. And compound 14e had no effect on heart rate.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of the 14-3-3 protein overexpression on the injury of PC12 cell induced by MPP~+ and its mechanisms.Methods For expression in mammalial cells, pcDNA3.1(+)-14-3-3 plasmid was constructed and transfeeted into PC12 cell with Lipofectamine~(TM)2000. The overexpression of transfected 14-3-3 gene in PC12 cell was determined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting.The effects of 14-3-3 overexpressing on the cells viability,apoptotie ratio and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)as well as glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)of PC 12 cell treated with MPP~+ were measured by MTT assay,flow cytometry analysis and microplate reader respectively.Results The expression of 14-3-3 protein in transfection group(1.19?0.06)increased evidently compared with control group(0.75?0.05).And the antioxidant enzyme activity assession,MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis shows that the overexpression of 14-3-3 protein elevates the activity of SOD(transfection group:(9.13? 0.41)U/mg protein,MPP~+ group:(6.45?0.52)U/mg protein)and GSH-Px(transfection group: (89.66?3.42)?mol/mg,protein MPP~+ group:(82.73?4.15)?mol/mg protein),increases the cell viability(transfection group:0.78?0.06,MPP~+ group:0.54?0.07),and inhibits cell apoptosis (transfeetion group:11.87%?3.26%,MPP~+ group:36.30%?2.39%)of PC12 induced by MPP~. Conclusion The overexpression of 14-3-3 protein could elevate the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-Px,reduce oxidant stress,alleviate MPP~+ toxicity,and thus inhibit the apoptosis of PC12 cell induced by MPP~+.

Adolescent ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Sotalol ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

· AIM: To summarize the clinical features of Chinese primary congenital glaucoma and to investigate the discrepancies of the clinical features between the Chinese and Indian patients.congenital glaucoma patients were reviewed. The clinical features were summarized as several quantifiable clinical parameters and the severity of the disease was evaluated. Both the quantified clinical features and severity were statistically compared with those of the Indian patients, which were cited from the previous published articles.included in the study. In Chinese patients, sex ratio (male to female )was about 2:1, family history was presented in 3 patients (7.5%) and consanguinity was found in one patient (2.5%). The main symptoms and signs observed in Chinese patients spanned a wide spectrum of manifestations. The most frequent signs noted on the initial examination were enlarged eyeball (42.5%) and decreased visual acuity (35.0%). Compared with Indian patients, Chinese patients had a later onset, a delayed diagnosis, more severe corneal changes and more severe optic nerve damages (P＜0.01). The combined tabeculectomy and trabeculotomy operation was preferred by both Chinese and Indian doctors whereas a higher proportion of Indian patients received the combined operation (P＜0.01). The proportions of the severity grade were different between Chinese and Indian patients. Most Chinese patients were in the severe grade while most Indian patients were in the very severe grade (P＜0.01).patients were sporadic and non-consanguineous.Compared with Indian patients, Chinese patients had a relative later onset, a delayed diagnosis and treatment.More attempts are needed in Chinese PCG prevention and treatment.

Objective To assess the feasibility and safety of combined transgastric and transcolonic endoscopic cholecystectomy in porcine model.Methods Five female miniature swines were subjected to cholecystectomy by the combined transgastric and transcolonic approach using two flexible endoscopes.The gastric wall of the swine was punctured with a needle knife,followed by dilatation with a balloon-dilator via the transgastric access.then a double channel endoscope was advanced into the peritoneal cavity.Another double-channel endoscope was advanced via a transcolonic access.Gallbladder excision was performed using transcolonic endoscope assisted by transgastric endoscope.After eholecystectomy the gastric and the colonic incisions were closed with clips.The animal was examined 14 days after operation.Results Cholecystectomy was failed in 4 swines because of incomplete exposing the gallbladder(3 swines)and hemarrhage during separating the gallbladder from the liver bed(1 swine).Only one swine was successfully performed cholecystectomy.But 3 perforations were found in the diaphragm which might be done by transcolonic endoscope.The swine lost 4 kg 14 days after the operation.The necropsy revealed a complete transmural healing of the gastric incision with minimal adhesions and a complete healing of the colonic incision with heavy adhesions.An abscess with severe adhesions was found in the right lower quadrant.One perforation of the diaphragm healed,and the other two perfolrations merged and formed a diverticulum embedded with the liver.Conclusion Combined transgastric and transcolonic approach appears difficult for cholecystectomy and the safety remains tO be further studied.

Limit test of flavones in diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection materials by UV-Vis and HPLC-DAD method was studied in this essay. The HPLC-DAD method has lower LOD (about 1% of the UV-Vis), that is, the sensitivity is higher than UV-Vis method. Through the analysis of the kinds of flavonoids ingredients in the samples by LC-MS, the three compounds with highest contents are kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin. Kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin were chosen as reference compounds for HPLC analysis, and the HPLC separation analysis was carried on an Agilent Eclipse plus C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) with methanol and water containing 0.4% phosphoric acid (50: 50) as mobile phase, and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was set at 360 nm. This method has good specificity, precision and reproducibility. The LODs of quercetin, kaempferide and isorhamnetin were 27.6, 22.3, 29.5 μg x L(-1). The average recovery was 87.9% (RSD 3.3%), 91.7% (RSD 3.1%), 88.3 (RSD 1.3%) for quercetin, kaempferide and isorhamnetin, respectively. Based on the 10 batches of sample results and sensitivity of different HPLC, the content of total flavonoids ingredients of diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection materials was limited no more than 2 x 10(-5). This method is simple, quick and has good maneuverability, and could be used to the limit test of flavonoids in the diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection materials.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Diterpenes ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Flavones ; analysis ; Ginkgolides ; analysis ; Limit of Detection ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods