J6-1 cell line is the first leukemic cell line established in China. It is a multi-clone cell line infected with both EBV and HHV-6. Many cytokines, receptors and other genes were cloned from J6-1 cell line since its establishment 30 years ago. Valuable information on leukemic characteristics and functions were obtained from the studies on this cell line, which could be categorized into several research subjects. These achievements implied the unique research value of multi-clone cell lines. This comment focuses attention on research advance of the J6-1 leukemic cell line in 30 years, including heterogeneity and multi-cloning of J6-1 cells, survival mechanism of J6-1 cell populations, abnormal intercellalar communication of J6-1 cells with its significance and inspiration from J6-1 cell line.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Clone Cells ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; immunology ; Herpesvirus 6, Human ; immunology ; Humans ; Leukemia ; pathology

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for further development of Internet drug transaction services in China. METH-ODS:The data of online drugstores with top 20 approvals data and sales amount were collected bu the Internet,the normative man-agement was evaluated. Meanwhile,questionnaire was conducted to survey and analyze the cognition,buying drugs and correspond-ing requirements of some Shanghai citizens for Internet drug retail. RESULTS:By Jun. 12,2015,totally 307 retail chain drug-stores(online drugstores)had got the License of Internet Drugs Transaction,only 62 online drugstores(20.2%)were in full compli-ance with the normative management;the top 19 online drugstores supplied averagely 1 072±815 OTC medicines,including 259± 165 chemical drugs and 813 ± 650 Chinese traditional medicines,and the top 3 were jianke.com (3 658 species),J1.com (2 071 species)and 360 kad.com(1 523 species). Totally 216 questionnaires were sent out,and 183 were effectively received with effec-tive recovery of 84.7%. The 183 surveyed citizens showed high cognition in distinguishing the authenticity of online drugstores (75.4%) and the authenticity of drugs (67.1%),but low cognition in online drugstore opening qualifications and Internet selling drugs;only 22.4% had the experience of buying drugs online,the degree of satisfaction towards online shopping,from the highest to the lowest,were drug price(62.5%),professional consultation of pharmacists(50.0%),variety of drugs(45.0%),quality of drugs(37.5%),delivery time(35.0%),etc.;the most probably purchased medicine category were vitamins and minerals(63.9%) and medicines for common diseases(40.4%). CONCLUSIONS:Currently the demands and confidence of online drugs shopping of Shanghai citizens are still scarce. Though the access of retailing prescription drugs would spur the Internet drug business,the condi-tion is still immature. It is suggested to sell prescription drugs in a limited way and improve their access threshold,promote Medi-care settlement to multi-faceted promote the orderly development of Internet drug transaction services.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in medical institutions in Pudong New Area.Methods Ten medical institutions in Pudong New Area were selected as monitored hospitals, cross-sectional survey on HAI in each hospital at a given day of November 2013 and November 2014 were conduc-ted.Prevalence of HAI in different levels of hospitals were compared.Results The prevalence rates of HAI in 2013 and 2014 were 4.04% and 3.75% respectively,there was no significant difference between two years(χ2 =0.709,P=0.400).The prevalence rates of HAI in primary,secondary,and tertiary hospitals in 2013 were 0.66%,3.32%, and 4.60% respectively,in 2014 were 0,3.52%,and 4.01 % respectively,prevalence rates of HAI in different lev-els of hospitals of each year were significantly different (all P <0.05).Prevalence rates of HAI were high in depart-ments of neurosurgery,hematology,intensive care units(ICUs),and gerontology.The prevalence rate of infection in ICUs increased obviously,from 10.09% to 18.78% (χ2 =3.921 ,P =0.048),departments of gerontology de-creased obviously,from 10.07% to 5.02%(χ2 =5.698,P =0.017).The main HAI sites were lower respiratory tract (36.72%),upper respiratory tract (9.96%),and urinary tract (12.89%).172 pathogenic isolates were de-tected in 2013,and 177 were detected in 2014,gram-negative bacteria,gram-positive bacteria,and fungi accounted for 60.74%,26.37%,and 12.89% respectively.Constituent ratios of pathogens causing HAI between two surveys were not significantly different (χ2 =5.819,P =0.830).Conclusion Among different levels of hospitals in Pudong New Area,tertiary hospitals have the highest prevalence rate,HAI in ICU increases obviously,the main HAI site is lower respiratory tract,the main pathogens are gram-negative bacteria.

Relapse, which puzzled several generations of hematologists, is the bottle-neck of radical treatment for leukemias. The progress of Human Microbiome Project at the beginning of 21st century suggested that human body was a super-organism constituted by the core of human cells and symbiotic microorganisms. The elucidation and characterization of endogenous retrovirus and prion protein suggested the possible effects of co-evolutional microorganisms on human health. Recently, the elucidation of the roles of tunneling nanotubes in intercellular communication and transportation suggested a novel way for cellular communication and transport of oncogenic materials. The role and significance of in vivo cell fusion have been studied in more detail. On the other hand, donor cell leukemia was reported. All of these approaches provide novel insights for studying the mechanism of leukemia relapse. Based on previous work, the authors suggest the hypothesis: there are two possible mechanisms for the relapse of leukemias: the minimal residual disease (MRD) and intercellular transportation of oncogenic materials.
Cell Fusion ; Humans ; Leukemia ; pathology ; Neoplasm, Residual ; pathology ; Recurrence

AlM:To study the treatment effect of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of high myopia macular hemorrhage, using Chinese medicine etiology and pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation treatment, and provide the basis for the clinical treatment. METHODS: Eighty patients ( 135 eyes ) with high myopia macular hemorrhage were selected in the hospital from January 2012 to september 2014 as treatment group, and applied traditional Chinese medicine treatment. Forty-five patients (64 eyes) with the same period, as the control group, received routine western medicine treatment. After 1mo treatement, the treatment effect and vision improvement situation of two groups were observed, and after 6mo follow-up, the relapse was observed.RESULTS: The total effective rate of treatment group was 85. 19% (115/135), higher than the control group 78. 13% (50/64) (P<0. 05). The average corrected visual acuity of treatment group was 0. 48±0. 11, higher than the control group 0. 36 ± 0. 09, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). The average diopter and macular bleeding scope of the treatment group were -9. 81±0. 85D and 0. 51 ± 0. 27PD, lower than the control group -10. 76 ± 0. 91D and 0. 78 ± 0. 23PD, the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0. 05 ). The eye ground hemorrhage absorption time of treatment group was 25. 34±2. 28d, less than the control group 29. 72 ± 2. 13d, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). The bleeding again of the control group 7. 81% ( 5/64 ), higher than the treatment group was 5. 19% (7/135), the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05).CONCLUSlON: Evidence-based treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for high myopia macular hemorrhage has good clinical effect, can shorten the treatment time, and is beneficial to the recovery of postoperative vision, worthy of clinical popularization and application.

Emerging evidence has indicated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play pivotal roles in the regulation of cellular processes and are found to be aberrantly expressed in a variety of tumors.However,the clinical role of circRNAs in bladder cancer (BC) and the molecular mechanisms have yet to be fully understood.In this study,the clinical specimens were obtained and the expression level of a circRNA BCRC4 was detected by real-time PCR in both BC tissues and cell line.The circular RNA over-expression plasmid was constructed and transfected into BC cells and related cell line.The cell cycles and apoptosis were observed using inverted microscope and flow cytometry.Western blotting was used to compare the relative protein expression of groups with different treatments.It was found that circRNA BCRC4 expression was lower in BC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues.Furthermore,consequences of fomed-expression of BCRC4 promoted apoptosis and inhibited viability of T24T and UMUC3 cells,and up-regulated BCRC4-inereased miR-101 level,which suppressed EZH2 expression in both RNA and protein levels.In addition,gambogic acid (GA) is a promising natural anticancer compound for BC therapy,and GA treatment increased the BCRC4 expression in T24T and UMUC3 cells in a dose-dependent manner.Altogether,our findings suggest that BCRC4 functions as a tumor suppressor in BC,and mediates anticancer function,at least in part,by up-regulating the expression of miR-101.Targeting this newly identified circRNA may help us develop a novel strategy for treating human BC.

The effects of dietary supplementation with Clostridium butyricum on growth performance and humoral immune response in Miichthys miiuy were evaluated. One hundred and fifty Miichthys miiuy weighing approximately 200-260 g were divided into five groups and reared in 15 tanks with closed circuiting culture system. The animals were fed 5 diets: basal diet only (control) or supplemented of the basal diet with C. butyricum at doses of 10(3) (CB1), 10(5) (CB2), 10(7) (CB3) or 10(9) (CB4) CFU/g. Compared with the control, the serum phenoloxidase activity was significantly increased by the supplementation (P<0.05), acid phosphatases activity was increased significantly (P<0.05) at the doses of 10(9) CFU/g. Serum lysozyme activity peaked at dose of 10(7) CFU/g and in the skin mucus at dose of 10(9) CFU/g. Immunoglobulin M level in the serum and skin mucus was increased except at dose of 10(3) CFU/g (P<0.05). The growth at the dose of 10(9) CFU/g was higher than that of the control (P<0.05). It is concluded that supplementation of C. butyricum can mediate the humoral immune responses and improve the growth performance in Miichthys miiuy.
Animal Feed ; microbiology ; Animals ; Antibody Formation ; physiology ; Clostridium butyricum ; immunology ; Dietary Supplements ; microbiology ; Fishes ; growth & development ; immunology ; Probiotics ; administration & dosage

Up to date, eight types of human herpes viruses have been identified, all of which are ubiquitous, and usually establish latent infection in the host after primary infection. Since most of the herpes viruses are maintained in an asymptomatic form, they are often neglected. However, under some circumstances, these herpes viruses can cause fatal or severe diseases. Furthermore, the association of herpes viruses with hematopoietic malignancies is attracting researchers' attention. With the extensive development of hematopoietic stem cell and organ transplantation, reports regarding transplantation failure and complication caused by infection of human herpes virus has been increasing. Cytokine storm was firstly suggested as the mechanism of graft-versus-host diseases. In recent years, which has also been applied in the pathogenesis research of inflammation, and is supposed to play an important role in severe virus infection. In this paper, through discussing the possible role of latent infection of human herpes virus in the failure or complication of bone marrow or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and in refractory leukemia, the function and significance of latent infection of human herpes virus and the cytokine storm it caused were investigated.
Cytokines ; immunology ; Hematopoietic System ; immunology ; virology ; Herpesviridae Infections ; Humans ; Virus Latency

Animals ; China ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Virus Diseases ; transmission ; Zoonoses

As pioneer of tumor stem cell research, leukemia stem cell research has not only important theoretical significance, but also clinical application potential. The survival and development of stem cells are directly impacted by their microenvironment. The research on leukemia stem cells and their microenvironment are now becoming a hot topic. The author presumes that stem cells are a population with heterogenecity and hierarchy; any single cell from the population is difficult to form a clone; the interaction between the leukemia stem cell and its microenvironment can be described by the concept of leukemia stem cell niche. In this article, the leukemia cell population with heterogenecity and hierarchy as well as leukemia stem cell niche were summarized and discussed.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Leukemia ; genetics ; pathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Stem Cell Niche ; cytology ; Stromal Cells ; cytology ; immunology