The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of oxidative stress on ventricular arrhythmias in rabbits with adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy and the relationship between oxidative stress and ventricular arrhythmia. Forty Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n=10 in each): control group, metoprolol (a selective β1 receptor blocker) group, carvedilol (a nonselective β blocker/α-1 blocker) group and adriamycin group. Models of adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy were established by intravenously injecting adriamycin hydrochloride (1 mg/kg) to rabbits via the auri-edge vein twice a week for 8 weeks in the adriamycin, metoprolol and carvedilol groups. Rabbits in the control group were given equal volume of saline through the auri-edge vein. Rabbits in the metoprolol and carvedilol groups were then intragastrically administrated metoprolol (5 mg/kg/d) and carvedilol (5 mg/kg/d) respectively for 2 months, while those in the adriamycin and control groups were treated with equal volume of saline in the same manner as in the metroprolol and carvedilol groups. Left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDd) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured by echocardiography. Plasma levels of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), malondialdehyde (MAD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected. The left ventricular wedge preparations were perfused with Tyrode's solution. The transmural electrocardiogram, transmural action potentials from epicardium (Epi) and endocardium (Endo), transmural repolarization dispersion (TDR) were recorded, and the incidences of triggered activity and ventricular arrhythmias were obtained at rapid cycle lengths. The results showed that TDR and the serum MDA and NT-proBNP levels were increased, and LVEF and the serum SOD level decreased in the adriamycin group compared with the control group. The incidences of triggered activity and ventricular arrhythmia were significantly higher in the adriamycin group than those in the control group (P<0.05). In the carvedilol group as compared with the adriamycin group, the serum SOD level and the LVEF were substantially increased; the TDR, and the serum MDA and NT-proBNP levels were significantly decreased; the incidences of triggered activity and ventricular arrhythmia were obviously reduced (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of MDA and SOD, LVEF, TDR and the incidences of triggered activity and ventricular arrhythmia between the adriamycin group and the metoprolol group. It was concluded that carvedilol may inhibit triggered activity and ventricular arrhythmias in rabbit with adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy, which is related to the decrease in oxygen free radials.

There has been thousands of years' history that traditional Chinese medicines were used in the prevention and treatment of infectious disease. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine plays a unique role in the control of variety of new infectious diseases. This article provides a summary on our knowledge of the traditional Chinese medicine theory in the explanation of infectious disease, application of Chinese medicines and the pharmacological mechanism in the successful management on the Ebola virus disease.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola ; therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To investigate a new surgical method by using pectoralis minor muscle for its partial transplantation to reconstruct the function of the opposite thumb anastomosed vessels and nerves. Methods The proposed method was evaluated by taking 20 cases of adult cadaveric thoraxes and hands,then compared with the morphology and dimension of both pectoralis minor muscle and palmer muscle to study the feasibility of the new method.Based on the observed data.We selected five suitable cases,in which the opposi- tion function was lost,and then applied the new operation on them with partial transplantation of pectoralis mi- nor muscle anastomosed vessels and nerves according to the results of anatomic study.The follow-up study was conducted to observe the functional recovery of opposition of the thumb.Results The main results can be summarized as follows.First,the anatomical position of pectoralis minor muscle was stable,and every peetoralis minor muscle was provided with self-sustaining artery,vein and nerve.The oppostition process of cadaveric hand succeeded after similar transplantation to clinic operation.Second,follow-up studies conducted 6 - 12 months after the operation showed that all five patients recovered fully.The muscle strength in all five cases re- covered to level four or higher.The shape of palm eminence was satisfactory.Conclusion The surgical method of pectoralis minor muscle transplantation for reconstructing the opposition function of the thumb was based on the clinical and anatomical application.The function of opposition of the thumb reached the satisfacto- ry requirement after the operation.So,the new surgical method can achieve better results than other existing operation methods.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy as an adjunctive therapy for children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Methods Seventy-one children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy aged 6 mouths to 2 years were randomly assigned to a HBO group ( n = 35 ) or a control group ( n = 36).All children were given conventional rehabilitative treatment, but the children in the HBO group in addition received 40 sessions of HBO therapy. HBO was administered for 1 h with 85% ～ 90% oxygen at 1.4 atmospheres absolute pressure. All the treatments in both groups continued for 8 weeks. Gross motor function was evaluated with a gross motor function measure ( GMFM ), global motor performance was assessed with a psychomotor development index (PDI), and intelligence was assessed with a mental development index (MDI). Clinical assessments were done before and after treatment. At the same time, hearing impairment was measured using brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) in the HBO group. Results All outcomes in both groups improved significantly over the course of study. The average improvement in GMFM in the control group was significantly greater than in the HBO group but other differences were not statistically significant. Hearing impairment developed in 8 children treated with HBO.Conclusion There was no evidence that HBO therapy improved the condition of children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy, and there is a risk of side effects with HBO therapy.

To obtain a number of penicillinases and degrade penicillin in milk by using the penicillinases,the gene encoding penicillinase was amplified by PCR from Bacillus cereus ATCC10987,cloned into pET28a(+) ,transformed into E. coli BL21;analysis of SDS-PAGE and penicillinase activity of the recombinant protein were done under induction of IPTG and the result showed that the maximum penicillinase activity reached 480 U/mL;the purity of penicillinase purified by Ni2+ Purification System was more than 90%;the immobilized penicillinases were obtained by sodium periodate method and the residual quantity of penicillin in milk(containing 0.5 U penicillin G/mL) was less than 4 ppb after degraded by the immobilized penicillinase.

Objective To report clinical study of diabetic foot with microsurgical treatment.Methods 32 cases basing on physical treatment underwent operation which included reconstruction of vessel under DSA and flap transfer and relaxation of nerves.Results 8 eases were examined with DSA after operation,it showed that the bypass grafts were unobstructed and the distal blood were improved;All flap were lively. Conclusion The ulcer of the patients with diabetic foot was closed early and the blood supply of the limb have been reconstructed by microsurgical treatment,it can not only avoid amputation or lower the limb amputation level,but also improve the life quality of patients and obtain social benefit.

Aim To investigate the effect of sphingo-sine kinase 1 (SphK1 )on unilateral ureteral obstruc-tion(UUO)-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis and ex-plore the possible mechanism.Methods The CD-1 mice were randomly divided into four groups:sham-op-eration group(Sham),PF-543 treatment control group (Sham +PF-543),model group(UUO)and PF-543 treatment group(UUO +PF-543).On 1 ,3,7 and 1 4 d after operation,eight mice were selected randomly from each group and sacrificed.The protein expressions of SphK1 ,mature TGF-β1 ,FN,ColⅠ,LC3,Beclin1 ,Atg5 and Atg1 2 were observed by Western blot.The histo-logical changes were examined by Masson′s trichrome stain.Immunhistochemistry was performed to measure the levels of expression of SphK1 ,FN and Col Ⅰ. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the autophagic body.Results SphK1 expression and autophagy were both upregulated in a mouse model of kidney fibrosis induced by UUO. Meanwhile, in-creased mature TGF-β1 and deposition of extracellular matrix(ECM)were observed in tubulointerstitial areas compared with sham-operated mice.After intraperito-neal injection with the SphK1 specific inhibitor PF-543 in UUO mice,enhanced expression of SphK1 and acti-vated autophagy were significantly abrogated.Howev-er,aggravation of renal fibrosis was detected when SphK1 inhibitor PF-543 was applied to suppress SphK1 expression in UUO mice.Conclusion SphK1 activa-tion is renoprotective through the induction of autoph-agy in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic relationship between serum platelet derived growth factor-BB(PDGF-BB)and IgA nephropathy in children.Methods The level of serum PDGF-BB was detected by double antibody enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in 15 cases healthy children and 30 cases IgA nephropathy.According to patholgical degree constituted by WHO in 1982,the IgA nephropathy group divided into 5 degrees:Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ(Ⅰ,Ⅱ were light patholgic change group;Ⅲ,Ⅳ were moderate patholgic change group;Ⅴ was severe patholgic change group).The serum PDGF-BB in IgA nephropathy group and none-IgA nephropathy group,and in different renal pathology type IgA nephropathy group were analyzed.Data were analyzed by using SAS 6.12 software.Results The level of serum PDGF-BB were(247.35?55.79) ng/L in control group and(869.16?200.73) ng/L in IgA nephropathy group.It was higher in IgA nephropathy group than in control group,the difference was significant(P

Objective To analyze the differential proteomics of ASMC stimulated by wild IL-13 and mutant IL-13 and to investigate the relations of protein profiles of ASMC to asthma and possible targets for the treatment of bronchial asthma.Methods The total proteins of ASMC stimulated by wild IL-13 and mutant IL-13 were separated by immobilized pH gradient(IPG)-based 2-DE and the differentially expressed protein spots were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption-time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS). Results The 2-DE detected approximately(840?21)spots on wild IL-13 samples and(892?17)spots on mutant IL-13 samples(n=3)and(685?19)spots matched.Six significantly differential proteins were subjected to MALDI-TOF-MS analysis and three of them were identified as stathmin 1,Ribosomal protein p~0 and NADH dehydrogenase.Conclusions ASMCs stimulated by wild IL-13 and mutant IL-13 present different proteomic profiles that may shed some light on the mechanism for the asthma causing effect of wild IL-13 and mutant IL-13.

Background and purpose:Ionizing radiation(IR) activates the early growth response- I(Egr1) promoter through specific cis-acting sequences termed CArG elements by production of radical oxygen intermediates(ROls).Egr-EG,an expression vector pCIneo containing CArG elements cloned upstream of the cDNA for human recombinant GM-CSF,was used to treat hematopoietic damage due to chemotherapy.Commonly used chemotherapeutic agents can cause tumor cell death by producing DNA damage and generating ROIs.We therefore hypothesized that clinically employed chemotherapeutic agents that increase ROIs could also be employed to activate Egr-EG in a chemoinducible gene therapy strategy.This study was done to explore the chemo-protective effect of the expression of hematopoietic growth factors regulated by Egr-1 promoter on chemotherapy induced damage. Methods:The human GM-CSF cDNA and EGFP cDNA were linked together with internal ribosome entry site(IRES) and then inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pCI-neo with the Egr-1 promoter(Egr-EG),and was further transduced into human bone marrow stromai cell lines HFCL(HFCL/EG).The HFCL/EG cells were transplanted i.v.into BI6 melanoma in C.B-17 combined immunodeficient(SCID) mice.5-FU was given i.p.on day 3 and 4.The white blood cell amount in peripheral blood,the expression of EGFP and GM-CSF in human stromal cell engrafted in recipient mice were detected by flow cytometry,RT-PCR,Western blot and colony-forming units for granulocytes and macrophages(CFU-GM),respectively.Results:In contrast to the two control groups,HFCL/EG(the Egr-regulatory element-derived expression of GM-CSF gene therapy) resulted in a proportional increase in the number of the white blood cell after chemotherapy,no significant diifferences were found for CFU-GM in bone marrow cells and the inhibition ratio on tumor in recipient mice.Chemotherapy could markedly increase the expression of EGFP and GM- CSF mRNA/protein as compared with that of non-chemotherapy control groups and HFCL group.Conclusion: Chemoinducible GM-CSF gene therapy regulated by Egr-1 promoter can ameliorate the toxic effect on 5-FU chemotherapy-inducible hematopoietic damage.