Objective To observe the changes of neural stem cells(NSCs) in subventricular in developing human fetal brain at(diffe)-rent ages.Methods Thirty cases of embryoes at gestational age 24-28 weeks induced by labor with water bag were collected to determin distribution,shapes and growth modes in subventricular with hybridization in situ under light microscope.Results NSCs expressing Nestin mRNA existed in subventricular from human fetal brain at different ages,NSCs existed in subventricular of different fetal age included astro-NSCs,each had enations from 3 to 6,and all projections crowded together into a reticular plexiform,in which NSCs districuted.Nucli were round in shape,each had nucleoli from 1 to 4.NSCs had rarefaction chromatin,most NSCs existed in a single growth mode,symmetral cleavage growth mode and clony with 3 NSCs would be seen.There were no differences between positive Nestin mRNA NSCs in distribution and cell shapes,but had differences in growth mode.Conclusion NSCs exist in subventricular from different gestational ages and their growth mode are changing with difference of gestational age.

Objective To explore a precise and dependable method for determining neural stem cells(NSCs)in hippocampus from human fetal brain.Methods Ten cases of embryo at gestational age 32 weeks and induction of labor with water bag were collected,affused and sliced including frost slice and paraffin slice for determining alteration of tissue and NSCs in hippocampus from human fetal brain with HE stain and immunohistochemical staining under light microscope.Results Nestin proteins located in NSCs and the number of NSCs were less in paraffin slice of tissue than those in frost slice.Integrality of structure of tissues and cells in paraffin slice excelled in frost slice.Conclusions There is a precise and dependable method including induction of labor with water bag and allusion and frost slice,which is necessary for wide useness in study of NSCs in human fetal brain.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted wide attention due to its unique advantages such as minimal invasiveness, high efficiency and high selectivity, and its ability to induce anti-tumor immune response. However, the treatment process is heavily dependent on the oxygen content of the treatment site, and the widespread oxygen deficiency in malignant tumors severely limits its efficacy. In addition, PDT-mediated oxygen depletion exacerbates tumor hypoxia, which further reduces its therapeutic effect. In recent years, many researches have been devoted to overcoming this problem. This paper summarized various strategies based on tumor hypoxic PDT in recent years, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of these strategies, and analyzing the main challenges and future directions of PDT in the treatment of tumors, so as to provide references for the in-depth study of photodynamic therapy of tumors.

Cerebral Hemorrhage ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Cerebral Ventricles ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Premature, Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; complications

Objective To understand the role of increasing peripheral blood platelet count in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods This analysis included 80 inpatients with active pulmonary tuberculosis evidenced by positive sputum smear,43 patients in recovery and 89 healthy controls during the period from January to June in 2012.Peripheral white blood cell,platelet count,and neutrophil percentage were assayed.Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)and serum C-reactive protein (CRP)were measured and compared.The data were analyzed by using SPSS 13.0 software.Results ESR and CRP values were significantly higher in the patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis than in the patients in recovery (P=0.006 5 and P=0.007 3,respectively).The peripheral blood platelet count exceeded normal range in 41.94% of the patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis,which was significantly higher than that in the patients in recovery (P=0.001 4)and controls (P=0.000 0).Platelet count was positively correlated with CPR (r=0.515,P<0.000 1)and ESR (r=0.398,P<0.001)value.However,peripheral white cell count and neutrophil count were not different from the corresponding values of controls.Conclusions Increasing peripheral platelet count may play a role in assessment of tuberculosis disease activity and the effect of anti-tuberculosis treatment.

Resident standardization training is a major part of education of medical students after graduation , and is extremely important for high-level physician training and raising the quality of medical treatment. We trained the residents comprehensively according to the characteristics of echocardiography in terms of theoretical knowledge, clinical manipulative skills, clinical thinking ability, scientific research ability and communication and team cooperation ability, and carried out the relative examination according to the training. On the basis of practice, we explored the establishment of a standardized training mode and evaluation system suitable for echocardiography resident doctors in China.

Objective To investigate a simple and dependable approach to establish the hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy model in neonatal rat. Methods Twenty-one neonatal rats of 7 days old were randomly divided into control group,hypoxic group,and hypxic-ischemic group.Every group was randomly divided into 3 hours,6 hours,1 day,3 days,7 days, 14 days,and 21 days group,according to the time of killing.Left common carotid artery of neonatal rats at age of 7 days in hypoxic-ischemic group were ligated.Then,the rats in hypoxic and hypoxic-ischemic group were put in a state of 8% oxygen for 2.5 hours. Brain tissues of rats in 3 groups were observed with HE staining under light microscope.Results In hypoxic-ischemic group,there was found mild brain damage after hypoxic-ischomic 3 hours,the brain lesion was most severe at 1 day,glial cell proliferation was found at 3 days,much neur were losed at 14,21 days,and colloid scar was formed in cortex,striatum and hippocampi.Conclusion The method that left common carotid ontery of neonatal rats were ligated and then put in 8% oxygen for 2.5 hours is simple, rapid and dependable, which can be applied widely.

Objective To investigate the characters of culture of neural stem cells(NSCs) from neonatal rats in different states in vitro.Methods Forty-two neonatal rats at age 7 days were divided randomly into 3 groups as control group,hypoxic group and hypoxic-ischemic group,each having 14 rats.Forteen rats of every group divided randomly into 7 small groups,each including 3 h,6 h,1 d,3 d,(7 d),14 d and 21 d,according to the time to put to death,each having 2 rats.After builting rat models of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,NSCs from hippocampus in 3 groups were isolated,then cultured,passed,differentiated and differentiated with single cell clone and immunocytochemistry tecnique.Results NSCs in hippocampus from 3 groups were cultured in form of typical neuraospheres in suspension.The cells could be cloned,passed continuously and induced.There were differences among 3 groups when primary NSCs were cultured at 3 h and 6 h time points.But at 1 d,3 d,7 d,14 d and 21 d time points,clony neuraospheres from primary NSCs in hypoxic group were the most among 3 groups while clony neuraospheres from primary NSCs in hypoxic-ischemic group were the lest.Conclusions NSCs from hippocampus of neonatal rats in different states remain to be cultured,meanwhile,NSCs are decreased with increase of age,elongation of illness course and progress of state of an illness.

Objective To study the effects of matrine on accumulation of ? globin mRNA and induction of erythroid differentiation in K562 cells in vitro.Methods K562 cells were cultured for 6 days with different concentration of matrine,viable cell counts were determined by trypan-blue dye exdusion test. Erythroid differentiation was evaluated by percentage of benzidine-positive cells at different days after culture. Morphological changes were observed under microscope after Wright-Gimesa staining; ? globin mRNA was quantitative by real time quantitative reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Different concentrations of matrine inhibited proliferation of K562 cells in dose-dependent manner; otherwise, K562 cells were successfully induced by erythroid differentiation with matrine. After treatment with matrine, percentage of benzidine-positive cells significantly increased from 0.7% to 15.7% and characteristic changes of erythroid differentiation in the cell morphology were observed, G? globin mRNA had a preferential increase (2.7 fold)in K562 cells. Conclusions Matrine accumulation G? globin mRNA and induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells. The results provides an experimental evidence for the pharmacological therapy of hematological diseases associated with a failure in the expression of normal ? globin genes.