Objective To investigate prevalence and risk factors of peripheral artery disease (PAD), metabolic syndrome (MS) and peripheral artery disease complicated with metabolic syndrome among Kazakh adults lived in Xinjiang Yili prefecture. Methods Four-stage cluster sampling method was used to select adults aged 35 years and over for the study from six cities and prefectures of Xinjiang. All the participants were interviewed with questionnaire to collect their demographic characteristics. Physical checksup and blood biochemical measurements were performed for all of them, as well as blood pressure was measured in their lower legs and arms to calculate ankle brachial pressure index ( ABPI), a ratio of the blood pressure in the lower legs to that in the arms. Only data of Kazakh adults in Yili prefecture were analyzed in this paper, including prevalence and risk factors for PAD and MS, as well as their relationship.The patients with PAD were divided into two groups, one complicated with MS and the other without it Logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential risk factors for PAD and MS and their combination.Results A total of 1365 adult Kazakh people were surveyed. Prevalence of MS was 23.7 percent, 30.4 percent for men and 19.0 percent for women, respectively, and that of PAD was 9. 4 percent, 7.0 percent for men and 11.0 percent for women, respectively. Mean age in patients of PAD complicated with MS was older than that in those without MS (t=-5.348, P＜0.01). Risk of PAD complicated with MS in Kazakh people associated with gender ( men), age, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and blood glucose level.(P＜0.05). Conclusions Both prevalence of PAD and MS are significantly higher among Kazakh people in Yili prefecture of Xinjiang, and increase with age. Prevalence of PAD is significantly higher in those with MS than that in those without MS. Risk factors of PAD complicated with MS include gender(men), age,systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and blood glucose level.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus navel acupuncture for patients with urinary retention after radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer. Methods: A total of 64 patients with urinary retention after radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer was divided into a navel acupuncture group (22 cases), an acupuncture group (18 cases) and an acupuncture plus navel acupuncture group (24 cases). All three groups received bladder function training and neuromuscular electrical stimulation. In addition, navel points were combined in the navel acupuncture group. Electroacupuncture was conducted to Qihai (CV 6), Zhongji (CV 3), Dahe (KI 12), Shuidao (ST 28), Ciliao (BL 32) and Huiyang (BL 35) in the acupuncture group. The acupuncture plus navel acupuncture group received both treatments. The catheter was removed after 3 d of treatment. Spontaneous urination, residual urine volume, urinary catheter dependence and recurrence after 3 d, 6 d and 9 d of treatment in each group were observed, respectively. Results: In the acupuncture plus navel acupuncture group, the markedly effective rates after 3 d, 6 d and 9 d of treatment were significantly higher than those in the navel acupuncture group and the acupuncture group; the urinary catheter dependence was lower than that of the other two groups, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05, P<0.01); the spontaneous urination time was shorter than that of the navel acupuncture group and the acupuncture group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05, P<0.01); the residual urine volume was significantly less than that of the navel acupuncture group and the acupuncture group, and the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.01). After the catheter was removed, recurrence was observed from the next day after spontaneous urination was resumed. There were 2 cases of recurrence in the navel acupuncture group, 2 cases in the acupuncture group and 1 case in the acupuncture plus navel acupuncture group. The recurrence rate of the acupuncture plus navel acupuncture group was significantly lower than that of the navel acupuncture group and the acupuncture group (both P<0.01). Conclusion: Acupuncture plus navel acupuncture has satisfactory efficacy for urinary retention after radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer. It can significantly shorten the urinary retention time, reduce the patient's dependence on urinary catheter, and reduce the residual urine volume.

Objective To study prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) , it's components and hyperuricemia (HUA) among Kazakh people in Xinjiang Uighur autonomous region, China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Kazakh people aged 35 years and over in seven prefectures of Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Kelamayi (Karamay) , Fukang, Tulufan (Turpan), Hetian (Hotan) , Aletai (Altay) and Yili during October 2007 to March 2010, with a four-stage cluster sampling, the total sample size were 4094. Through the methods of questionnaire survey, physical examination, biochemical examination and so on, to study prevalence of MS in HUA and it's components by blood biochemical examinations. Results A total of 3915 Kazakh adult people, equal number of men and women, were surveyed, with a response rate of 95. 63 percent. Overall prevalence of HUA was 3. 96 percent( 155/3915 ) , 6.02 percent for men and 2. 03 percent for women(114/1894 and 41/2021) , respectively, with statistically significant difference ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Prevalence of MS was 39.47 percent in those with HUA and 22. 53 percent in those without HUA (45/114 and 401/1780), respectively (P ＜ 0.01). Among women, prevalence of MS was 46. 34 percent in those with HUA and 16. 11 percent in those without HUA( 19/41 and 319/1980), respectively (P＜0. 01). Prevalence of high blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, lower blood high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and central obesity were 59.65 percent, 42.11 percent,32.46 percent, 7. 89 percent and 79. 82 percent in those with HUA, respectively, with prevalence of hyperglyceridemia and central obesity significantly higher than in those of non-HUA ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Among women, prevalence high blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, lower blood HDL-C and central obesity were 48.78 percent, 39.02 percent, 41.46 percent, 2.44 percent and 78.05 percent, respectively, in HUA group, with prevalence of hyperglyceridemia, lower blood HDL-cholesterol and central obesity significantly higher than in those of non-HUA ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions Prevalence of MS was higher in Kazakh people suffered with HUA than those without HUA, as well as prevalence of components of MS, suggesting that prevention and treatment for HUA is necessary, which can reduce MS and its components in the region.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the curative effect of antiphlogistic agent series on treating chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP).

METHODSOne hundred and sixty patients were randomized into 4 groups for an 8-week clinical observation: group A (oral antiphlogistic medicinal granules only), group B (oral antiphlogistic medicinal granules + retention enema), group C (oral antiphlogistic medicinal granules + rectal), and group D (antiphlogistic medicinal granules + rectally + hip bath). Single blind trials were employed.

RESULTSThe curative rates of the 4 groups were 37.5%, 57.5%, 52.5% and 82.5% respectively, while the total efficacy rates were 42.5%, 82.5%, 77.5% and 92.5% respectively. Compared with groups A, B and C, the curative rate of group D was significantly higher (P < 0.05). The difference in efficacy rates was slight between groups B and D (P < 0.05), but significant between groups A and C (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCombined treatment therapy can improve the effect of CNP treatment and clear away heat and toxic material. The antiphlogistic agent series, with the effect of motivating blood circulation and removing blood stasis, turned out to be an effective traditional Chinese medicine in treating CNP.

Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Prostatitis ; drug therapy

Aim To explore the effects of Shp2 on cig-arette smoke extract (CSE)-induced epithelial-mesen-chymal transition (EMT). Methods The effects of CSE on TGF-β1 levels in epithelial cells were meas-ured by Q-PCR and ELISA. Immunofluorescent stai-ning was used to assess the expressions of CSE-induced EMT-related markers. The activation of CSE-induced Shp2,Smad2 was investigated by Western blot. Re-sults CSE induced Shp2 phosphorylation in a concen-tration-dependent manner in A549 cells. PHPS1 inhib-ited the increase in mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 induced by CSE. PHPS1 regulated the expres-sions of CSE-induced EMT markers (down-regulation of E-cadherin,up-regulation expression of Vimentin and α-SMA). The inhibition of either Shp2 inhibitor or Shp2 siRNA decreased Smad2 phosphorylation induced by CSE. Conclusions CSE initiates EMT through the Shp2 / Smad2 signaling pathway,which is activated by CSE through TGF-β1 generation. It is suggested that Shp2 might be a possible new target for COPD and lung cancer therapy.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of carbendazim on the testicular development and spermatogenic function of male rats and its action mechanism.

METHODSForty clean-grade impubic male Wistar rats were equally randomized into a low-dose, a medium-dose, a high-dose and a control group, treated respectively with carbendazim at 20, 100 and 200 mg/kg (bw) and Tween-80 solution, all by oral gavage once a day for 80 days. After treatment, the rats were weighed, their testes and epididymides immediately excised, their morphological changes observed and the weights of the right testis and epididymis obtained. Sperm motility and counts in the left cauda epididymis were determined. Histopathological changes, cell apoptosis and the expression of Bcl-2/Bax in the testis were detected by HE staining, TUNEL and immunohistochemical SABC method.

RESULTSThe medium- and high-dose groups showed obviously atrophic testes and epididymides, marked histopathological abnormality of the testis, reduced weight of the right testis and epididymis, and decreased sperm motility and counts in the left cauda epididymis (P < 0.01). With the increasing dose of carbendazim, the apoptosis rate and Bax expression were significantly raised, while the expression of Bcl-2 significantly decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCarbendazim affects the testicular development and spermatogenic function of male rats, and the mechanism may involve cell apoptosis induced by down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Benzimidazoles ; pharmacology ; Carbamates ; pharmacology ; Down-Regulation ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spermatogenesis ; drug effects ; Testis ; drug effects ; growth & development ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy and safety of secreted interferon in treatment of chronic hepatitis B.

METHODSA multi-center randomized open-label controlled clinical trial was carried out. The patients of the study group were treated by secretory human interferon alpha-2a, and the patients of the control group were treated with an ordinary interferon.

RESULTSALT normalization rate in the secreted interferon group was 48.3% and it was higher at the end of treatment than that of the control group, but there was no difference between the two groups at the end of the follow-up. HBV DNA dropped more in the study drug group, but there was no difference in the normalization rate between the two groups. HBeAg seroconversions in secreted interferon group and in the control interferon group were 19.0% and 18.4% respectively. The safety of the two types of interferon was satisfactory.

CONCLUSIONSSecreted interferon was superior to ordinary interferon in ALT normalization and HBV DNA drop at the end of treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients, but there was no difference at the end of the follow-up. There was also no difference in HBeAg negative and HBeAg seroconversion between the two groups.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis B virus ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Recombinant Proteins ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from the cultured mycelia of a fungus Cephalosporium which accelerate the growth of plant.

METHODThe constituents were isolated by column chromatography and identified by advanced physical and spectral analysis.

RESULTEleven compounds including 3-isopropyl-6-(1-methylpropyl) piperazine-2,5-dione(I), choline sulfate(II), 2-[(2-hydroxy tetracosanoyl) amino]-1,3,4-octadecatriol(III) were isolated and identified.

CONCLUSIONCompound I, II were isolated from Cephalosporium genus for the first time.

Acremonium ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Choline ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Dendrobium ; microbiology ; Mycorrhizae ; chemistry ; Piperazines ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; microbiology

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of THY1 protein expression in epithelial ovarian cancer.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry (IHC) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining were used to detect the protein expression of THY1, Ki67 and cell apoptosis in 76 epithelial ovarian cancers by tissue microarray. The correlation between THY1 expression and patients' clinical features was analyzed.

RESULTSOf the 76 epithelial ovarian cancer samples, 64 were informative for IHC and TUNEL assays and 42 (65.6%) among them showed down-regulated/loss expression of THY1 protein. A significant positive correlation of THY1 protein expression with clinical stage and distant metastasis was observed in this ovarian cancer cohort (P < 0.05). The more advanced the tumor stage, the more frequency of loss expression of THY1 protein. In addition, the mean positive rate of Ki67 staining in tumors with down-regulated/loss expression of THY1 was 33.7% +/- 3.5%, significantly higher than that in the tumors with normal expression of THY1 (17.3% +/- 6.1%, P = 0.0027). However, no significant correlation was observed between THY1 protein expression and tumor cell apoptosis as well as patients' survival in this series (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDown-regulated/loss expression of THY1 protein in epithelial ovarian cancer is significantly correlated with cancer cell proliferation and metastasis in the epithelial ovarian cancer, and it may be used as one of the new molecular biomarkers to predict the disease progression in patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Apoptosis ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous ; metabolism ; pathology ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Survival Rate ; Thy-1 Antigens ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of fluvas-tatin formulation on the pharmacokinetics-genetic polymorphis relationship. METHODS We compared the difference between the pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin as an extended-release (ER) 80 mg tablet and an immediate-release(IR)40 mg capsule in terms of drug metabolism enzyme and transporter ge-netic polymorphisms. In this open-label, randomized, two-period, two-treatment, crossover study, ef-fects of BCRP, SLCO1B1, MDR1, CYP2C9, and CYP3A5 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin were analyzed in 24 healthy individuals.Each treatment duration was 7 days with a washout period of 7 days between the crossover.Serum concentration of fluvastatin was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The SLCO1B1 T521C genotype had no statistically significant effect on IR 40 mg capsule of fluvastatinafter single or repeated doses.However,for the ER 80 mg tablet,the SLCO1B1 T521C genotype correlated with the AUC0-24of repeat doses (P=0.01). The CYP2C9*3 genotype correlated with the AUC0- 24after the first dose IR 40 mg capsule (P<0.05); however, the difference between CYP2C9*1/*1 and CYP2C9*1/*3 was not statistically significant after repeated doses. CONCLUSION The effect of SLCO1B1 T521C on fluvas-tatin exposure was observed and was more profound in ER and repeated dose administration than in IR and single dose administration.We recommend that formulation should be incorporated into future pharmacogenomics studies and clinical implication guidelines.