Objective Pathogen and antimicrobial susceptibility in children with bacterial meningitis were reviewed.Methods The positive cultures of cerebrospinal fluid samples or blood samples and its antimicrobial susceptibility were analyzed in 401 patients with the clinical diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.Results 401 cases cerebrospinal fluid samples and blood samples submitted to microbiology laboratory, 97 cases (24%) were microscopically and culturally proven to be bacterial meningitis. The most frequent pathogen was staphylococcus aureus (28%), followed by the streptococcus pneumoniae (19%) and escherichia coli (13%). Pediococci as conditioned pathogen, were found in purulent meningitis patients. One of the isolates of Staphylococcus aureus was simultaneously resistant to both vancomycin and teicoplanin. Three isolates showed simultaneous resistance to imipenem/cilastatin.Conclusions Staphylococcus aureus as the predominant pathogens of pediatric ranks first among pediatric patients of purulent meningitis. Serious drug resistance of isolated pathogenic bacteria and its in antimicrobial susceptibility in the bacterial meningitis should be considered in clinical therapy.

Objective To investigate the correlation between red cell distribution width RDW) and prognosis in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.Methods A total of 264 consecutive patients with severe traumatic brain injury admitted from May 2012 to November 2014 were enrolled.The patients were divided into low-RDW group (RDW ＜ 15％,n =198) and high-RDW group (RDW ≥ 15％,n =66) based on their RDW levels.Between-group differences were evaluated on general conditions,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ),inflammatory markers [high sensitivity C-reactive proteins(hs-CRP) and arterial lactate],liver/renal dysfunction,and 28-day mortality.Spearman correlation analysis of RDW with mortality was conducted.Independent factors of 28-day mortality were identified using multivariate Logistic regression.Kaplan-Meier 28-day survival curve was analyzed and survival probability of the two groups was compared using Log-Rank test.Results The 28-day mortality was significantly enhanced in high-RDW group compared to that in lowRDW group (43.9％ vs 26.8％,P ＜ 0.01).RDW ≥ 15％ related positively to APACHE Ⅱ and mortality(r =0.172 and 0.253 respectively,P ＜ 0.01),but negatively to Glagow coma score (GCS) (r =-0.169,P ＜0.01).RDW≥ 15％ was the independent risk factor for predicting the 28-day mortality (OR =2.144,95％ CI 1.202-3.826,P ＜0.01).After adjusted gender,age,and other relative factors,RDW≥15％ was still strongly correlated with the 28-day mortality(OR =2.244,95％ CI 1.076-4.678,P ＜ 0.05).Significantly lower 28-day survival rate was found in high-RDW group than in low-RDW group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions RDW level rises beyond the normal range on admission in patients with severe traumatic brain injury,which is closely correlated with the 28-day poor outcome.RDW≥ 15％ has significant predictive value in the prognosis.

Objective: From the point of clinic application,this article introduces the design and application of optometry glasses NL-Ⅱ. Methods: The new model optometry glasses NL-Ⅱwas compared with the old ones. Results: Optometry glasses NL-Ⅱhave many advantages in both function and layout. Conclusion: Optometry glasses NL-Ⅱ can and have been used in hospital very well,but it need some improvements to make the glasses more helpful in clinic.

This article introduces the design and application of multifunctional optometry glasses.Comparing with the old ones,multifunctional optometry glasses has many advantages in both function and layout.At last,some improving ideas are put forward to make the glasses more helpful.

Objective To explore the potential risk factors of schistosomiasis transmission so as to provide evidence for setting up the surveillance scheme of schistosomiasis prevention and control. Methods The schistosome infection of local inhabitants, mobile population and stock from endemic areas were investigated from 2002 to 2007 by using IHA or ELISA technique. The historical endemic reports of Chongqing City and the schistosomiasis cases, and the plants imported from schistosomiasis endemic areas and Oncomelania snails were investigated. The behavior of local inhabitants was also investigated. Results The investigated people included 5 112 local inhabitants, 1 455 mobile people from schistosomiasis endemic areas and 1 744 residents returned from the endemic areas. The sero-positive rates of them were 0.57%, 1.44% and 0.86%, respectively. Eighteen cases of imported schistosomiasis were found. There were many plants and stock imported from the schistosomiasis endemic areas. No imported snail was found. The farming of local inhabitants depended on the cattle chiefly. The rate of the harmless lavatories was 14.88%. The local residents had the habit of water contact. Conclusion There are potential risk factors for schistosomiasis transmission in the Three Gorges Reservoir areas. The local residents have potential risk behavior of getting infection of Schistosoma japonicum. The surveillance should be emphasized on the mobile population, imported plants and stock from endemic areas.

OBJECTIVE: To observed the pathological changes of closed diffuse brain injury in the rats died immediately and 15 min to 5 days after the injury. METHODS: H.E. staind and esterification-silver stain were applied to investigate the closed diffuse brain injury. RESULTS: In rats died immediately after the concussive injury, a number of shrunken neurons(type I change), distended neurons(type II change) and wave-like nerve fibers were identified in the brain tissue, especially in brain-stem. At 2 h and 8 h after injury, brain edema and axonal swelling appeared clearly in the cortex and white matter, especially in brain-stem. At post-traumatic 8 h and 24 h, the axonal retraction balls began to appear. The amount of neurons undergoing type I and II changes and constraction balls increased along with the survivor time. After 4 days and 5 days, brain edema alleviated, but the retraction balls and axonal swelling still existed. With Esterifica-tion silver stain, the above changes of neurons and nerve fibers were more obvious. With ABC stain, the distribution of albumin(Al) was extended from the perio-vascular area to diffuse distribution. Al positive staining were more obvious in injuried neurons and nerve fibers. CONCLUSION The distribution of the concussive damage in the brain are coup, contra-coup and centripental.
Albumins ; Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Brain/pathology* ; Head Injuries, Closed/pathology* ; Immunohistochemistry/methods* ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Silver Staining

The high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence micelle assay (HPLC-FMA) method for the content determination of polysorbate 80 in monoclonal antibody drugs was validated to study its applicability and transferability between various laboratories, and the feasibility to be included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Both J.T. Baker and Nanjing Well-sourced polysorbate 80 was used in the collaborative validation of polysorbate 80 content analysis in seven different laboratories. The results show that when the protein concentration was no more than 20 mg·mL^-1 and the concentration of polysorbate 80 ranged from 0.05 to 0.5 mg·mL^-1, the method had good specificity. The recovery rates of the spiked samples ranged from 92.20% to 117.70% for J.T.Baker and from 93.90% to 117.20% for Nanjing Well. The intra-laboratory precision (%RSD) was less than 4.30% for J.T. Baker, and less than 2.60% for Nanjing Well, while the overall precision was less than 5.45% for J.T. Baker, and less than 6.70% for Nanjing Well. The linear correlation coefficient was more than 0.98 for J.T. Baker and more than 0.99 for Nanjing Well. The results of the collaborative validation prove that the HPLC-FMA method has good accuracy, precision, linearity, and specificity, and could be used for release control analysis of polysorbate 80 content in monoclonal antibodies across different laboratories.

italic>Panax quinquefolium L. is a valuable Chinese herbal medicine with a large market demand. It has a complex chemical composition and numerous biological activities. At present, research on P. quinquefolium is focused on its underground parts, with especial interest in its saponins. There are few studies on non-saponins and the aboveground parts of Panax quinquefolium. Current quality standards are based on the saponin contents, which does not address the other benefits of Panax quinquefolium. This paper summarizes progress on the chemical components, pharmacological effects, quality evaluation, and product development of P. quinquefolium in recent years, and provides references for its further R&D and comprehensive utilization.

Objective To investigate the functional changes of dendritic cells (DC) in elderly patients with sepsis. Method Elderly patients (n = 20), ages 75 to 86 years, treated in the department of internal medicine for cadres and the medical intensive care unit (MICU), were selected to participate in the study. Patients with ma-ligoant tumors, hematological diseases, immune diseases, or a history of receiving drugs known to interfere with immune functions were excluded. Using the American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine (ACCP/SCCM) definition of sepsis, the patients were categorized into four groups: non-sepsis (group A) (n = 5) ; sepsis (group B) (n = 5) ; severe sepsis (group C) (n = 5) ; and septic shock (group D) (n = 5). The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of each patient were isolated and cultured with human re-combinant granuloceyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in vitro for 10 days. The cells were examined under an inverted microscope, scanning electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. The MTT colorimetric assay was used to observe the abilities of the dendritic cells to stimulale an allogeneic T lym-phocyte response in vitro. Paired t -test was used to compare changes in the surface markers among the different groups, Results The PBMCs in the four groups of patients differentiated into cells with typical dendritic configura-tions after in vitro cuhure with combined cytokines. The CD40, CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR expressions on the cell surfaces increased after culture,with (43.2±12.5)%/(27.3±9.3)%, (31.4 ± 10.1)%/(22.5 ± 8.7)%, (39.3±15.7)%/(21.9±7.7)%, and (75.4±25.6)%/(58.7±16.7)%, respectively. The stimulation index (the abilities of the dendritic cells to stimulale the allogeneic T lymphocyte response in vitro) in the four groups of patients after culture were (23.3±7.9) in group A, (18.9±8.3) in group B,(11.4±5.1) in Group C,and (5.5 ± 3.7) in Group D. Conclusions The immune functions of the dendritic cells of elderly patients with sepsis decrease in a linear manner with the severity of their septic state.

With references of historical materials and modern literature regarding acupoint characteristic, a secondary analysis on the concept, origin, related factors and research methods in present research of acupoint characteristic is performed. The acupoint characteristic should be considered as an acupoint inherent attribute that could explain physiological and pathological manifestations at the same time, including location attribute and function attribute, which is related with time and treatment method. Some re-thinking on acupoint characteristic is proposed as well as advice on further research method and direction, hoping to promote the research development of acupoint characteristic.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Meridians