Objective There are two main functions of gastrointestinal tract,digestion and absorption,and barrier function.The latter has an important defensive effect,which keeps the body away from the invading and damaging of bacteria and endotoxin.It maintains the systemic homeostasis.Intestinal dysfunction would happen when body suffers from diseases or harmful stimulations.The more serious intestinal disorders would harm the intestinal protective mechanism,or intestinal barrier function,and bacterial/endotoxin translocation,of intestinal failure(IF) would ensue.This article provides a critical review of the evidence indicating that an increase in bacterial translocation is associated with sepsis,and even the multiple organ failure syndrome in critically ill patients.The in-transit microorganisms play an essential role in the homeostasis of local and systemic immunity.Methods All studies published from 2000 to June 2005 about intestinal permeability,bacterial translocation,and systemic inflammatory response syndrome were located by search of PubMed.Results Clinical and experimental studies investigating the correlation between bacterial translocation and systemic inflammatory response syndrome,associated with the damage of the gut barrier function.To keep the mucosal barrier function intact is one of the main issues in the prevention of bacterial translocation.This could be achieved by the adequate delivery of oxygen and nutrient supplementation to the gut.Enteral nutrition,probiotic can be a good choice.Conclusion With a better understanding of the bacteria-host interactions in health and the alterations induced by critical illness,new therapies that improve the environment of both may lead to better recovery rates in intensive care unit patients.

AIM To study the therapeutic effect of bone marrow transplantation on mustard gas-poisoned mice. METHODS Mustard-poisoned mice model was constructed by injected mustard gas 20 mg·kg~(-1) subcutaneously. At 4 h, 1 d and 2 d after poisoned by mustard gas, the suspended bone marrow cells (106 cells per time) were injected into mice respectively. After poisoned 3, 5, 7 and 10 d, the numbers of leukocyte and marrow nucleated cells were recorded periodically. At the same time, after poisoned 4 h and 1 d by mustard gas, mice in another group were injected granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) 74 μg·kg~(-1) combined with transplantation and changes of the cell number were observed. RESULTS Compared with poisoned group without transplantion, leukocyte number in bone marrow transplanted group presented ascending trend, but there was no statistical significance until the 10 d after poisoned. However, the number of marrow nucleated cell increased significantly from the 5th day. After mice injected bone marrow cells combined with G-CSF, leukocyte increased markedly in earlier stage compared with transplantation only. CONCLUTION The bone marrow transplantation has significant effects on improvement of marrow hematogenic system inhibited by mustard gas.

Objective To investigate the correlation between 28-day prognosis and red cell distribution width (RDW) in sepsis patients.Methods This was a prospective observational study.Two hundred and thirteen sepsis patients were consecutively selected,and the patients were divided into 2 groups according to RDW:normal RDW group (RDW ＜ 0.15,160 cases) and high RDW group (RDW≥0.15,53 cases).The general conditions,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) 1Ⅱ score,sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA),hypersensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP),procalcitonin (PCT),arterial blood lactic acid,liver function injury,renal function injury and 28-day mortality were compared between 2 groups.The independent risk factors of 28-day prognosis were analyzed by multifactor Logistic regression analysis.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to draw the 28-day survival curve,and the survival rate was compared between 2 groups by log-rank test.Results The 28-day mortality in high RDW group (35.8％,19/53) was significantly higher than that in normal RDW group (17.5％,28/160),and there was statistical difference (P =0.007).RDW ≥0.15 was the independent risk factor of 28-day death in sepsis patients (OR =2.634,95％ CI 1.316-5.273,P =0.006).After adjusted by gender,age and other relative factors,RDW≥0.15 was the independent risk factor of 28-day death in sepsis patients (OR =2.895,95％ CI 1.155-7.252,P =0.023).The 28-day accumulative survival rate in high RDW group was significantly lower than that in normal RDW group (50.5％ vs.63.0％),and there was statistical difference (P =0.014).Conclusion The high RDW in sepsis patients is the independent risk factor of 28-day death,and RDW ≥0.15 shows an important predictive value in the prognosis of sepsis patients.

Humans ; Leiomyoma ; pathology ; Microtomy ; methods ; Microwaves ; Paraffin Embedding ; methods ; Specimen Handling ; methods ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura(HSP)is a common multisystemic vasculitis in children ,but the exact pathogenesis remains unknown. Pentraxin 3(PTX3),a new kind of inflammatory cytokines,has a strong inflammatory effect,and is involved in occurrence and develop-ment of a variety of autoimmune diseases. The objective of this study is to evaluate the expression of PTX3,interleukin-8(IL-8),tumor necrosis fac-tor-α(TNF-α)and high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)in children with HSP,and explore the clinical significance of PTX3 in HSP devel-opment. Methods Thirty-six children(HSP group)and 17 healthy children(control group)were enrolled in the study. Serum levels of PTX3,IL-8 and TNF-α were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum hs-CRP levels were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer. Re-sults The serum levels of PTX3,IL-8,TNF-α,and hs-CRP were up-regulated in HSP group compared with the control group(P<0.05). The levels of PTX3,IL-8,TNF-α,and hs-CRP in patients with joint symptoms,or/and gastrointestinal symptoms,or/and kidney injury were significant-ly higher than those patients without joint symptoms,or/and gastrointestinal symptoms,or/and kidney injury(P<0.05). The expression of PTX3 was positively correlated with the expression of IL-8 and TNF-α(r=0.514,0.833,all P<0.05),but there was no correlation between PTX3 and hs-CRP(r=0.292,P>0.05). The expression of PTX3,IL-8,TNF-α and hs-CRP in HSP patients had no gender difference(all P>0.05). Con-clusion The high expression of PTX3 is related to the degree of inflammation in children with HSP. The up-regulated expression of PTX3 may play an important role in pathogenesis of HSP in children.

Objective: To observe the difference of the effect of low-frequency electroacupuncture (EA) on blood lipids between male and female patients with simple obesity due to damp induced by spleen deficiency. Methods: Eighty patients with simple obesity were recruited, including 37 males and 43 females, to receive low-frequency EA by selecting Yinlingquan (SP 10), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zusanli (ST 36), Fenglong (ST 40), Quchi (LI 11), Tianshu (ST 25), Zhongwan (CV 12), Shuifen (CV 9), Qihai (CV 6) and Guanyuan (CV 4), with needles retained for 30 min. The treatment was given once a day, 10 sessions as a treatment course, for 2 courses in total. The contents of body fat percentage (F%), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), blood glucose (Glu) and adiponectin (ADPN) in serum were observed to see the changes, and the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results: After the treatment, F%, and serum contents of TC, TG, LDL, Glu and ADPN dropped significantly in the two groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01) and the serum content of HDL increased significantly in male group (P<0.05). The decrease of F% in female group was more significant than that in male group (P<0.01); the decrease of ADPN in male group was more significant than that in female group (P<0.05). Conclusion: EA can regulate the disordered blood lipids in male and female patients with simple obesity, with certain differences between genders. The decrease of subcutaneous fat content is more significant in females than that in males, while the decrease of ADPN is more significant in males.

Objective: To investigate the effect of moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) on fatigue in rats with chronic exercise-induced exhaustion. Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group and a moxibustion group, 10 rats in each group. Except rats in the blank group, the remaining rats were subjected to create long-term exhaustion models by repeated swimming. After successful modeling, rats in the moxibustion group received mild moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) for 15 min, once every other day with a total of 10 times. Rats in the model group and the blank group did not receive moxibustion. At the end of the treatment, the exhausted times, and the body weight of rats before and after the experiment were compared among groups. The levels of blood malondialdehyde (MDA) and urea nitrogen (BUN), as well as the activities of aspartate transarninase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were also measured by the automatic biochemical analyzer, 24 h after the exhausting excise. Results: The 10th swimming time was significantly longer in the moxibustion group than that in the model group (P<0.01). The increase rate of the body weight was lower in the rats of the moxibustion group than that in the model group before the 7th and the 10th exhausting excise (P<0.05, P<0.01). The levels of serum MDA and BUN, as well as the activities of AST, ALT and LDH in the model group were higher than those in the blank group (all P<0.01). The levels of serum MDA and BUN, as well as the activities of AST, ALT and LDH in the moxibustion group were lower than those in the model group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) can decrease the serum levels of MDA and BUN, as well as activities of AST, ALT and LDH in the long-term fatigue rats, thus to improve the symptoms of fatigue.

Objective:To investigate the effect of moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) on free radical metabolism in rat's hippocampus after different degrees of exhaustive exercise.Methods:A total of 72 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a normal group (n=8),a model group (n=32) and a moxibustion group (n=32).According to the times of modeling or treatment,the model group was further randomly divided into different subgroups of a 1-time model subgroup,a 4-time model subgroup,a 7-time model subgroup and a 10-time model subgroup (n=8);the moxibustion group was also further randomly divided into different subgroups of a 1-time moxibustion subgroup,a 4-time moxibustion subgroup,a 7-time moxibustion subgroup and a 10-time moxibustion subgroup (n=8).Rats in both model and moxibustion subgroups were subjected to establishing the swimming exhaustive model.Rats in each moxibustion subgroup received mild moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) for 15 min immediately after modeling,once every other day.The concentration of malic dialdehyde (MDA),as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in rat's hippocampus in each group were detected 24 h after the exhaustive exercise.Results:Compared with the 1-time model subgroup,the exhaustive swimming time of rats was significantly prolonged in the 4-time model subgroup (P＜0.01),while it was significantly shortened in the 7-time and 10-time model subgroups (both P＜0.01).Compared with the matched model subgroup,the exhaustive swimming time of rats in the 7-time and 10-time moxibustion subgroups was significantly prolonged (both P＜0.01).Compared with the normal group,the MDA concentration was increased significantly (P＜0.01),and the activities stress response of SOD and T-AOC were increased in the 1-time model subgroup (both P＜0.05);the MDA concentration was increased (all P＜0.01),and the activities of SOD,GSH-Px and T-AOC were decreased differently (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) in the 4-time,7-time and 10-time model subgroups.Compared with the matched model subgroup,the concentration of MDA was significantly reduced (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the activities of SOD,GSH-Px and T-AOC were significantly increased in the 4-time,7-time and 10-time moxibustion subgroups (all P＜0.01).Conclusion:Moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) can improve the fatigue status of the body after long-term exhaustive exercise by regulating free radical metabolism in rat's hippocampus.To some extent,this provides an experimental basis for moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) against exercise-induced fatigue.

Objective To evaluate the automatic synthesis of 18F-labeled cyclic RGD peptide c(RGDyK)and its biological distribution in the tumor-bearing mice. Methods N-succinimidyl-4-18 F-fluorobenzoate (18F-SFB) was automatically synthesized and then re-dissolved in acetonitrile (MeCN). The cyclic RGD peptide c(RGDyK) was mixed with an hydrous DMSO and N, N-diisopropyl ethylamine (DIPEA). 18F-FBRGD was obtained by the reaction of peptide solution with 18 F-SFB. The final product was purified by HPLC gradient separation system and solid-phase extraction method. The biodistribution study and competition test of N-4-18F- fluorobenzoyl-RGD (18F-FB-RGD) in the tumor-bearing mice was performed. Results The labeling yield of 18 F-FB-RGD was (33.6 ± 3.5)%. The synthesis time was 110 min. The radiochemical purity was more than 98%. The tumor uptake of 18F-FB-RGD was (3.43 ±0.15), (2.61 ±0.14), (2.11 ±0.13), and (1.79 ±0.18) %ID/g, respectively, at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after injection. The ratio of tumor to muscle activity ranged from 4.26 ±0.69 to 5.80 ±0.78. The tumor uptake decreased dramatically after RGD blockage. The uptake was (0.46 ±0.21) %ID/g and (2.87 ±0.59) %ID/g in the blocked and unblocked mice, respectively, at 60 min after blockage. Conclusions 18 F-FB-RGD can be automatically synthesized and it may become a promising tumor imaging agent.

P300/CBP-associated factor(PCAF),an important member of histone acetyltransferase family(HATs) within eukaryotic cells,is capable of inducing the acetylation of histone,promoting the transcription of specific genes and involving in many biological effects.In the present study,full-length cDNA of PCAF was inserted into plasmid pGEX-5x-1,then the soluble protein GST-PCAF was expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3) after the optimization of inducing conditions.The recombinant protein was further purified with affinity chromatography and tested the activity by in vitro acetylation assays.High efficient PCAF protein produced by this method could serve for the study on the role of PCAF in gene regulation and the interaction between PCAF and other proteins.