Objective To study the radiosensitization of histone deaeetylases inhibitor(HDACI) panobinistat in prostate cancer cells in vitro,as well as the possible mechanisms.Methods IC20 of two prostate cancer cell lines(LNCaP and PC-3)was determined using MTI assay.Cells received a single dose irradiation of 0,2,4,6,or 8 Gy using 6 MV X-ray for radiosensitivity experiment,but only 2 Gy for western blot and flow cytometry.Radiosensitization of panobinostat was investigated with clonogenic assay,and sensitizing enhancement ratio(SER)was calculated with single-hit multi-target model.Western blot was used to compare γH2AX expression.Flowcytomctry was used to detect the cell cycle distribution.Results IC20 of LNCaP and PC-3 was 2.5 and 10.0 μmol/L,respectively.SER of panobinostat at IC20 was 1.37(D0 ratio)and 1.11(Dq ratio)for LNCaP cells,and 1.78(D0 ratio)and 1.17(Dq ratio)for PC-3 cells.Expression of γH2AX gradually decreased in the 2 Gy irradiation-alone cells standing for the DSB repair,while γH2AX expression was persistent in the combination group.Irradiation triggered a G2/M arrest 6-12 hours after irradiation in LNCaP and PC-3 cells.G2/M arrest was observed when cells were treated with panobinostat for 24 hours,however,no significant change concerning cell cycle distribution was showed when cells received further irradiation.Conclusions Panobinostat Call radiosensitize prostate cancer cells,which may be related with increased DNA DSB,inhibition of DSB repair and attenuation of cell cycle modulation after irradiation.

Objective To re-evaluate the prognostic value of the 6th edition of UICC/AJCC staging system in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with intensity-medulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Methods From February 2001 to March 2007, Clinical data of 570 NPC patients initially treated with IMRT in Cancer Center of Sun yat-sen University were reviewed and the long-term survival was analyzed according to T, N and overall stages. Results The median follow-up was 42 months. 184 patients were followed up to 5 years. The 5-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and overall survival (OS) of the whole group were 93. 0%, 85.4% and 83. 3% ,respectively. No statistically significant difference of LRFS was detected between the either two of stage T_1, T_(2a) and T_(2b)(100%, 100% and 94. 5% ;T_1 vs. T_(2b), χ~2 = 1.92, P =0. 166 ;T_(2a) vs. T_(2b), χ~2= 0. 35, P =0. 555), stage T_(2b) and T_3 (94. 5% and 91.3% ;χ~2 = 2. 62, P = 0. 106), or stage T_3 and T_4 (91.3% and 89. 5% ; χ~2 = 1.55, P =0. 214). The 5-year DMFS of stage N_2 was similar with stage N_1 or stage N_3(80. 2%, 86. 2% and 61. 4% ; N_2 vs. N_1, χ~2=2.22, P=0.136;N_2 vs. N_3, χ~2= 1.92, P=0.165). No statistically significant difference of 5-year OS was observed among stage Ⅰ , Ⅱ_a and Ⅱ_b(91.7%, 100% and 95. 3% ; Ⅰ vs. Ⅱ_b χ~2 =0.32, P=0.574;Ⅱ_a vs. Ⅱ_b,χ~2-0.25, P=0.617), or between Ⅳ. And Ⅳ_b(67.9% and 75. 0% ;χ~2 = 0.25, P = 0. 616). Conclusions The 6th edition of UICC/AJCC staging system shows poor predictive value for the long-term survival of NPC patients treated with IMRT.

The etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was identified as a new coronavirus, termed SARS-CoV. Establishment of an efficient and sensitive diagnostic system of SARS-CoV genetic materials is crucial for SARS control. In this study, we quantified SARS-CoV mRNAs in both infected cell culture lysate and in supernatant by using Real-time quantitative revere transcription-PCR based on EvaGreen鈩?dye and Taqman-MGB probes. For extensive evaluation of sensitivities and specificities, 13 pairs of primers and 4 probes were designed based on different genes of SARS-CoV. Glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was selected as the internal control gene. Results showed that S-gene-specific PCR was the most sensitive for detection, but because of its sequence variability in the different viral strains, primers and a probe based on the N gene were suitable substitutions. Meanwhile, we found the mRNA concentrations in cell culture lysates were much higher than in cell supernatant and facilited more sensitive detection of the SARS-CoV.

Objective To investigate alterations of endothelial microparticles(EMPs) levels in patients with coronary heart dis‐ease(CHD) ,and to evaluate the relationship between EMPs and interleukin‐6(IL‐6) and C‐reactive protein(CRP) .Methods A to‐tal of 38 patients with CHD were divided into myocardial infarction(MI) group(13 cases) and unstable angina(UA) group(13 ca‐ses) and stable angina(SA) group(12 cases) ,and 12 healthy subjects were enrolled as control group .Levels of EMPs were meas‐ured by using flow cytometry technique .Concentration of IL‐6 and CRP were determined by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and special protein analysis respectively .Results Compared with SA group and control group ,levels of EMPs were signifi‐cantly increased in MI group and UA group(P<0 .05) .Levels of EMPs in patients with CHD were significantly correlated with IL‐6 and CRP ,with correlation coefficient of 0 .79 and 0 .50 respectively(P<0 .05) .Conclusion EMPs could contribute to monitoring and evaluating the degree of endothelial cells injury in patients with CHD as a laboratory indicator .EMPs might enhance the vascu‐lar inflammation in patients with CHD ,and further accelerate the development of CHD .

Objective To establish a new RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid,forsythin, and baicalin in shuanghuanglian powder for injection after ultrasonic atomization. Methods Hypersil ODS2 C18(250 mmí4. 6 mm,5 μm) was used as the chromatographic column. The mobile phase was methanol-0. 2% phosphate acid solution (4060). Flow rate was 1. 0 mL·min-1 . Sample volume was 5μL. Column temperature was 30℃. Detection wavelength was 324 nm at 0-10 min and 277 nm at 10-25 min. Results Contents of chlorogenic acid,forsythin, and baicalin had good linear relationship with the respective peak area (r≥0. 999 7) within the scope of the sample volume. The RSD was <2% for precision, reproducibility, and stability. Recovery rate was 98. 50%-101. 12% (n=6). Conclusion The method is rapid, accurate and reproducible, with high resolution. It can determine the content of three kinds of components at the same time. The three components in shuanghuanglian powder for injection did not change significantly before and after ultrasonic atomization.

Chemerin is a kind of adipokines discovered in 2007. Chemerin and its receptor CMKLR1 are widely distributed in tissues, especially in white adipose tissues, conducting biological effects in an autocrine/paracrine manner. Experimental and clinical data have indicated that localized and/or circulating chemerin expression are obviously elevated in numerous inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Chemerin plays an important role in inflammatory response, regulating adipocyte differentiation and metabolism, and its expression level is closely related to obesity, abnormal glucose metabolism, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The biological functions of chemerin in cells and animal models are discussed in present paper in order to further understand the relationship between chemerin and human health and diseases.

Purpose::With the increasing level of automation in automobiles, the advent of autonomous vehicles has reduced the tendency of drivers and passengers to focus on the task of driving. The increasing automation in automobiles reduced the drivers' and passengers' focus on driving, which allowed occupants to choose a more relaxed and comfortable sitting position. Meanwhile, the occupant's sitting position went from a frontal, upright position to a more relaxed and reclined one, which resulted in the existing restraint systems cannot to keep occupants safe and secure. This study aimed to determine the effects of different reclining states on occupants' lumbar and neck injuries.Methods::This is an original research on the field of automotive safety engineering. Occupants in different initial sitting positions (25°, 35°, 45°, and 55°) were adapted to changes in seat back angle and restraint systems and placed in the same frontal impact environment. Neck injury indexes, lumbar axial compression force and acceleration, as well as occupant dynamic response during the impact, were compared in different sitting positions. The injury response and kinematic characteristics of occupants in different reclining positions were analyzed by the control variable method.Results::As the sitting angle increased, the occupant's head acceleration decreased, and the forward-lean angle decreased. Occupants in the standard sitting position had the greatest neck injury, with an N ij of 0.95, and were susceptible to abbreviated injury scale 2+ cervical medullary injuries. As the seatback angle increased, the geometric position of the lumbar spine tended to be horizontal, and the impact load transmitted greater forces to the lumbar spine. The occupant's lumbar injury was greatest in the lying position, with a peak axial compression force on the lumbar region of 5.5 KN, which was 2.3 KN greater than in the standard sitting position. Conclusion::The study of occupant lumbar and neck injuries based on different recline states can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing lumbar evaluation indexes, which is conducive to the understanding of the lumbar injury mechanism and the comprehensive consideration of occupant safety protection.

Objective To investigat the prognostic value of overall treatment time (OTT) for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).Methods From May 2001 to April 2007, 376 patients with locally advanced NPC treated with IMRT were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were divided into OTT≤45 days group and OTT >45 days group.The treatment outcomes between the two groups were analyzed.Results Between the groups with OTT≤45 days and OTT > 45 days, the 2-year local control rate (LCR) was 94.9% and 93.1% (χ2= 2.83, P > 0.05) for all patients, 96.3% and 98.7% (χ2=2.83, P>0.05) for patients with T3 disease, 92.2% and 83.1%(χ2= 6.30, P < 0.05) for T4, and 93.1% and 97.5% (χ2= 4.69, P = 0.030) when chemotherapy was concurrently administered.The 2-year LCR was 98%, 96% and 93% (χ2= 2.20, P = 0.531) for patients with treatment interruption before, within and after the 3rd week of IMRT, The Cox regression analysis found that OTT was an independent prognostic factor for LCR in T4 disease.The Linear regression showed that the 2-year LCR was decreased by 2.7% per day of delay.Between the groups with OTT≤45 days and OTT >45days, the 2-year estimated disease-specific survival (DSS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and overall survival (OS) were 84.1% vs.78.7% (χ2= 0.02, P = 0.881), 87.0% vs.86.1% (χ2= 0.85,P = 0.358), and 91.7% vs.92.2% (χ2= 0.06, P = 0.806), respectively.The further stratified analysis found that the DSS, DMFS and OS were similar between the two groups in T3 (83.7% vs.83.2%, χ2=0.07, P=0.798;86.6% vs.85.7%,χ2=0.02, P = 0.898 ; and 93.7% vs.94.8%,χ2=0.03, P=0.862) and T4 disease (81.4% vs.72.3%, χ2= 0.16, P = 0.687 ;82.6% vs.86.9%, χ2= 1.78, P =0.182;and 88.3% vs.87.5% ,χ2=0.60, P =0.438).In multivariate analysis, T-stage and N-stage were the independent prognostic factors for both DFS and OS, and N-stage was the independent prognostic factor for DMFS.Conclusions The prolongation of the overall treatment time decrease the local control of patients with T4 NPC.

Objective To compare the Chinese'92 and 2008 staging systems of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) based on the long term survival of the patients. Methods Clinical data of 498 NPC patients treated with definitive IMRT were retrospectively analyzed. The distributions of patients in the two staging systems were compared. The long term outcomes according to T, N and overall stages in each system were evaluated. Kappa value and Pearson coefficient were used to evaluate the agreement and correlation of the two systems. Results The distributions of both T and N stage between'92 and 2008 stage systems were different. In both staging systems, the local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) curves of T_1, T_2 andT_3 were close up (even overlaped), though they were apart from T_4. The distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) curves overlaped of N_1 and N_2 in the'92 staging system, while separated of N_1, N_2 and N_3 in the 2008 staging system. Significant difference of DMFS was not found between N, and N_2 in'92 staging system, while did exist among N_0, N_1, N_2 and N_3 stages in 2008 staging system. In the both staging systems, the disease-specific survival (DSS) of stage Ⅰ did not significantly differ from that of stage Ⅱ or Ⅲ. The statistical analysis showed the conformality of DSS curves in the two system was 89% (Kappa =0. 833 ,P <0.01), with agood relative rate (r=0. 919,P<0. 01). Conclusions The difference between'92 and 2008 staging system is mainly in N stage. The 2008 N stage seems more reasonable compared with'92 N stage, which is able to better forecast the DMFS. There are some agreements and correlations between the two staging systems.

Objective To investigate the tendency of quality of life in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with conventional radiotherapy. Methods Quality of life in NPC patients was assessed using FACT-H&N and NPC-QOL Patients were divided into nine groups according to the treatment period :before treatment group, 0 -20 Gy group, 20 -50 Gy group, > 50 Gy group, 0 -6 months after treatment group, 6 - 12 mouths group, 1 -2 years group, 2 -3 years group and 3 -5 years group. Scores of FACT-H&N and NPC-QOL were compared between the either two groups. Results 450 NPC patients were assessed. The total score of FACT-H&N decreased during the treatment and then increased six months after the treatment. The tendencies of physical and functional well-being were similar. The social/family and emotional well-being did not change significantly along with the treatment but the scores of head and neck well-being and NPC-QOL decreased obviously. Xerotomia was aggravated from the initiation of treatment and became the most severe at 6 - 12 months after treatment. 50% - 60% of the patients with disease-free reported severe xerotomia at 3 -5 years after radiotherapy. Incidence of severe trismus increased up to 14% at 3 -5 years after treatment. Conclusions Quality of life of NPC patients with conventional radiotherapy deteriorates during the treatment period, but recovers to the normal level six months after the treatment. Xerotomia and trismus can affect the quality of life of NPC patients.