Biobank is a biorepository which organized for collecting and storing human biospecimen as well as associated information for research uses.Biobank is the fundamental platform which translates the basic research result into clinical practice.It also plays an important role in disease diagnosis,new drug development,disease-related genetic research and epidemiological studies.The rise of translational medicine promotes the construction and development of the biobank.This review highlights the necessity to establish biobank,and focuses on the recent advances of the modem type of biobank,quality control of biospecimens,construction of biobank,best practices and guideline applied for biobank.This review also provides information for improvement of biobank.

Objective To explore the mechanism of therapeutic action of needle knife “regulating sinews and treating bones” on knee osteoarthritis (KOA) by observing the effect of needle knife intervention on KOA rabbit behaviors, mechanical characteristics of patellar ligament (PL), and expressions of interleukin-4 (IL-4), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and aggrecan in knee cartilages.Methods Forty New Zealand rabbits were randomly allocated to blank, model, needle knife and electroacupuncture groups, 10 rabbits each. A rabbit model of KOA was made by the modified Videman method of immobilization in extension position. After model making, the needle knife and electroacupuncture groups received needle knife and electroacupuncture treatments, respectively. A behavioral assessment was made using the modified Lequesne MG knee grade evaluation method in every group after model making and treatment. The samples were taken after treatment. PL tension, stress relaxation and creep state were tested using a Bose Electro Force 3300 protracted test machine. Cartilage cell IL-4 expression was examined by ELISA. MMP-3 mRNA and aggrecan mRNA expressions were detected by real-time PCR.Results After model making, there was a statistically significant difference in the Lequesne MG score between the model and blank groups (P<0.01); there was no statistically significant difference in the Lequesne MG score between the needle knife or electroacupuncture group and the model group (P>0.05). There was a statistically significant post-treatment difference in the Lequesne MG score between the needle knife or electroacupuncture group and the model group (P<0.01,P<0.05) and between the needle knife and electroacupuncture groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in PL maximum stress, maximum displacement, elastic modulus, stress relaxation rate and creep rate between the model and blank groups (P<0.01,P<0.05). There were statistically significant post-treatment post-treatment differences in PL maximum stress, maximum displacement, elastic modulus, stress relaxation rate and creep rate between the needle knife and model groups (P<0.01,P<0.05). There was a statistically significant post-treatment difference in elastic modulus between the electroacupuncture and model groups (P<0.01). The IL-4 content and aggrecan mRNA expression decreased significantly and MMP-3 mRNA expression increased significantly in the model group after model making and there were statistically significant differences compared with the blank group (P<0.01,P<0.05). After treatment, the IL-4 content increased significantly in the needle knife and electroacupuncture groups compared with the model group (P<0.01,P<0.05) and aggrecan mRNA expression tended to increase in the two groups. The regulation of aggrecan mRNA and MMP-3 mRNA expressions was better in the needle knife group than in the electroacupuncture groups, but there was no statistically significant difference compared with the model group (P>0.05).Conclusion The mechanism of action of needle knife treatment on KOA may be that it improves ligament mechanical characteristics, regulates intra-articular stress environment, and modulates aggrecan mRNA and MMP-3 mRNA expressions and inhibits cartilage degeneration through IL-4 mechanical signal pathway, to produce the therapeutic effect of “regulating sinews and treating bones”.

OBJECTIVETo sum up the experience in diagnosis and treatment of Fournier's gangrene and find an optimal evaluation tool for its prognosis by comparing currently used prognostic scoring systems.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 16 cases of Fournier's gangrene diagnosed and surgically treated in our hospital between 2004 and 2012. Using Fournier's Gangrene Severity Index (FGSI), Uludag Fournier's Gangrene Severity Index (UFGSI), Age-Adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (ACCI), and Surgical Apgar Score (sAPGAR) , we obtained the prognostic scores of the patients and made comparisons among different scoring systems.

RESULTSFGSI, UFGSI, ACCI, and sAPGAR were all clinically used scoring systems. Statistically significant differences were found in the scores of ACCI and UFGSI but not in those of FGSI and sAPGAR between the death and survival groups, with the maximum area under the ROC curve and minimum standard error for the ACCI score.

CONCLUSIONBoth ACCI and UFGSI are useful for evaluating the prognosis of Fournier's gangrene. However, ACCI is even better for its higher sensitivity and specificity and easier clinical collection.

Age Factors ; Aged ; Fournier Gangrene ; diagnosis ; mortality ; surgery ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Severity of Illness Index

Referring to the rapid developed life science and the higher requirements for the approval of innovative Chinese drugs in recent years, this paper described systematically the discovery, research and development (R&D) approaches for the innovative Chinese drugs under the new situation from the following five aspects, i. e., active components discovered from TCMs, the discovery of effective fractions of TCMs and their formulae, the R&D of TCM innovative drugs based on famous classic prescriptions and famous Chinese patent drugs, and the transformation of clinical effective prescriptions, on the basis of analysing the advantages of innovative drugs derived from natural products based on TCM theories and the problems existed in current R&D of new TCM drugs. Moreover, five suggestions are also given for the rapid development of TCM innovative drugs in China. All these will provide reference for the R&D of TCM innovative drugs.
China ; Drug Discovery ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; trends ; Research

The cultural development needs of contemporary college students generally are displayed as varied contents,rich types and distinctive characteristics.Students in military medical universities shoulder the responsibilities of both soldiers and medical students,their cultural development needs are often in contradiction to military culture,thus bringing challenges to the culture construction in military medical universities.By introducing activities from civilians and soldiers,constructing hidden cultural platforms,improving hardware facilities and other innovative methods,we can actively guide students' ideological direction and play a better culturally educational function of military schools.

Objective To investigate the effects of leflunomide(A77 1726) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human keratinocytes. Methods Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) of HaCaT cells was analyzed with crystal violet staining and immunohistochemistry. The moiphological change was assessed with hematoxylin and eosin staining. The changes of cell cycle and apoptosis rate were measured by flow cytome-try. Result Epidermal proliferation was inhibited by leflunomide, at concentration 5 ?mol/L or more, which was begun after 24 hrs and manifested by PCNA positive cell decreasing. With the increasing of time or dosage, the anti- proliferation effect of leflunomide was significant. Meanwhile, the PCNA positive cell de-creased respectively. There was no PCNA positive cell while the drug concentration achieved 200 ?mol/L. Therefore, leflunomide significantly inhibited the proliferation of HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. The morphological change and cell cycle change was found but no change of apoptosis rate was measured. Conclusion Leflunmide can inhibit the proliferation of HaCaT cell, without the effect on its apoptosis.

AIM: To compare the effectiveness on 10g/L cyclopentolate and 10g/L atropine on cycloplegia in children before optometry.
METHODS:Eighty eyes of 40 children among 4-12 years old with refractive error were recruited in this study. 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops were topically administered once per 5min for 3 times and optometry was performed after 45min. Three days after that, 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel then was used 3 times per day for consecutive 3d and again the refractive diopter was obtained at the 4th d. The differences of the results in retinoscopy refraction were compared between 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops and 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel.
RESULTS: Therefraction results of those given 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops and 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel were no statistical different in both 4-8 years group and 9-12 years group with myopia (≤-3. 00D) (P=0. 411, 0. 924). The differences of refraction results of both the drugs were significant in 4 - 8 years group with low hypermetropia, medium hypermetropia and high hypermetropia (P=0. 007, 0. 007, 0. 009). No significant difference was found in 9 - 12 years group with low hypermetropia (P= 0. 592), given 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops and 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel, but the differences of refraction results of both the ophthalmic preparations above were significant in 9-12 years group with medium and high hypermetropia (P=0. 039, 0. 012).
CONCLUSION:Both 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops and 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel have the cycloplegic effects, but their cycloplegic effects are significant different among hypermetropia children. Thus, the reasonable cycloplegic should be chosen according to the specific situation.

Hospital building intelligentized system is an important part of digital hospital. Innovative theory in technique integration and service idea of "taking sufferers as center" is incarnated by its design and its development direction of current hospital building. The concept and design principle of intelligentized system in hospital architecture construction are discussed; the composing and function of intelligentized system are also expounded; characteristic and application effect of the system in hospital architecture are analyzed.

Objective To investigate alterations of endothelial microparticles(EMPs) levels in patients with coronary heart dis‐ease(CHD) ,and to evaluate the relationship between EMPs and interleukin‐6(IL‐6) and C‐reactive protein(CRP) .Methods A to‐tal of 38 patients with CHD were divided into myocardial infarction(MI) group(13 cases) and unstable angina(UA) group(13 ca‐ses) and stable angina(SA) group(12 cases) ,and 12 healthy subjects were enrolled as control group .Levels of EMPs were meas‐ured by using flow cytometry technique .Concentration of IL‐6 and CRP were determined by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and special protein analysis respectively .Results Compared with SA group and control group ,levels of EMPs were signifi‐cantly increased in MI group and UA group(P<0 .05) .Levels of EMPs in patients with CHD were significantly correlated with IL‐6 and CRP ,with correlation coefficient of 0 .79 and 0 .50 respectively(P<0 .05) .Conclusion EMPs could contribute to monitoring and evaluating the degree of endothelial cells injury in patients with CHD as a laboratory indicator .EMPs might enhance the vascu‐lar inflammation in patients with CHD ,and further accelerate the development of CHD .

ObjectiveTo explore the influence of 3C bolus wizard on postprandial glucose levels in diabetic patients. MethodFifty-eight patients with type 2 diabetes in our hospital were monitored with continuous glucose monitoring system(CGMS), continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion(CSII)and CareLink(3C for short)for 6 days.The function of “3C” bolus wizard was applied during treatment and all the patients were given dietary nursing and health education.The glucose level was observed.ResultThe level of P2hBG of the 58 patients was between 6.4~10.7mmol/L in 3~6 days.ConclusionsBolus wizard plays an important role in “3C” treatment.It can make the postprandial glucose of patients satisfactorily controlled in a short time only to avoid insulin hypoglycemia because of large doses of insulin.At the same time,health education on patients can achieve remarkable results as well.