Female ; Humans ; Hypophosphatemia ; etiology ; Middle Aged ; Osteomalacia ; etiology ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; complications

Visual perceptual learning refers to the special improvement of perceptual performance benefit from repetitive training with a visual task.A typical time course of visual perceptual learning presents an initial rapid improvement,and then gradually processes like an asymptote in gain.During the process of perceptual learning,the influence of critical amount and perceptual learning rules on learning effect,memory consolidation and interference,and the role of sleep on preventing interference and promoting consolidation in perceptual learning,all get involved.This article reviewed the aforesaid content and then elaborated some strategies in application of visual perceptual learning in the treatment of amblyopia.

Autophagy is an active research area in the biomedical field as its role has been identified in many physiological and pathological processes. Accordingly, there is a growing demand to identify, quantify and manipulate the process accurately. Meanwhile, there is great interest in identifying compounds that modulate autophagy because they may have applications in the treatment of a variety of autophagy-related diseases. In this review, we summarize the current status of autophagy screening systems to facilitate identification of autophagy modulators.
Autophagy ; Humans

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key transcription factor on hypoxia responses in mammalian tissues. HIF-1 plays as a positive factor in solid tumor and leads to hypoxia-driven responses that enhance its downstream gene expression for tumor growth and survival. LXY6099 was obtained by the structural modification and optimization of manassantin A (MA) as a high potent HIF-1 inhibitor. Antitumor activity of LXY6099 was observed in this study. LXY6099 with an IC50 value of 2.46 x 10(-10) mol x L(-1) showed more sensitive inhibition activity to HIF-1 than that of MA detected by reporter gene assay (> 100 folds). It showed strong inhibition on the growth of human solid tumor cell lines. Furthermore, LXY6099 exhibited significant antitumor activity against established human tumor xenografts in nu/nu mice with treatment of MX-1 breast cancer. Thus, LXY6099 as a novel HIF-1 inhibitor could be further developed into anti-cancer agents.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Heterografts ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 ; metabolism ; Lignans ; pharmacology ; Mice, Nude

The Ca²⁺-activated monovalent cation selective transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) channel expressed in pancreatic β-cells is implicated in the β-cell function and insulin secretion, but how pharmacological function of TRPM4 channel affects membrane excitability of β-cells remains largely unknown. Here, we report that pharmacological inhibition of TRPM4 by specific inhibitor 9-phenanthrol attenuates electrical activities of pancreatic β-cells. In whole-cell current clamp recordings, 9-phenanthrol results in inhibition of action potential frequency induced by tolbutamide of the INS-1 pancreatic β-cells in a dose-dependent manner with an IC₅₀ value of 14.99 ± 7.93 μmol·L^-1. Similarly, 9-phenanthrol also inhibited action potential firing in INS-1 cells stimulated by current injection. Further recordings of β-cells demonstrate the significant inhibitory effects on action potential peak and action potential amplitude by 9-phenanthrol. Taken together, our results show the involvement of TRPM4 channel function in pancreatic β-cells depolarization and action potential, it provides pharmacological experimental methods and theoretical support for the study of TRPM4 channel in pancreatic β-cells.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Young Adult

Animals ; HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Motor Activity ; physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal ; metabolism ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Physical Exertion ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors

AIM: To investigate the differential expression profile between nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE1 and its steady EBV-LMP1-transfected cell line CNE1-LMP1, and to explore the regulatory effect of LMP1 on oncomiRs expression in CNE1 cell line. METHODS: A microRNA array that targets 132 of the most well studied oncomiRs was used to detect the expression profile of CNE1 and CNE1-LMP1. qRT-PCR assay were used to verify the expression data detected by microarray. RESULTS: Among the restricted 132 miRNAs, 30 were detectable. Among which, 30 were expressed in CNE1-LMP1, 19 in CNE1 and 11 were specifically expressed in CNE1-LMP1. Among the 19 shared miRNAs, the expression level of 6 miRNAs (hsa-miR-19b, hsa-miR-17-3p, hsa-miR-22, hsa-miR-149, hsa-miR-150 and hsa-miR-188) elevated over two folds in CNE1-LMP1. No decrease in miRNA expression more than two folds was observed. qRT-PCR confirmed the expression difference of these six miRNAs (P<0.01). Among the 11 specifically expressed miRNAs in CNE1-LMP1, hsa-miR-122a showed the highest expression level surpassing the internal control sample. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that LMP1 may play an important role in regulating the expression of miRNAs in tumor, which may be another important pathway employed by LMP1 in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Forms and Records Control ; methods ; Humans ; Pathology, Clinical ; methods

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Interleukin-1beta ; pharmacology ; Male ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitriles ; toxicity ; Pyrethrins ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; metabolism