Child ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroa Vacciniforme ; Hypersensitivity ; Insect Bites and Stings

Animals ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; methods ; Chickens ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; analysis ; Microsomes, Liver ; chemistry ; ultrastructure ; Sucrose

Objective To investigate the changes of expression of Fas-associated proteins named Fas-associated death domain protein(FADD)and death-associated protein(Daxx)in the ischemic penumbra following transient focal cerebra ischemia in rats.Methods ①Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the sham-operated group and the cerebral ischemia model group.Rats underwent right middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)for 2 h and reperfusion for 1,3,6,12 and 24 h using an intraluminal suture technique.The expression of FADD and Daxx mRNA and protein were measured with methods of immunohistochemistry.Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT- PCR)respectively were used in the ischemic penumbra of rats.②Double-label fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM)was performed to monitor FADD and Daxx intracellular location before and after ischemia.Results RT-PCR,Immunohistochemistry,Western blot experiments indicated that a very low level of FADD mRNA and protein were detected in the cerebral cortex of sham rats.The expression level both of FADD mRNA and protein increased significantly at 3 h after reperfusion,peaked at 12 h,then declined markedly at 24 h in the ischemic penumbra of model rats.RT-PCR,Immunohistochemistry indicated that a relatively high level of Daxx mRNA was detected in the cerebral cotex of sham rats.The expression level of Daxx mRNA increased significantly at 3 h after reperfusion and persisted to 24 h at a high level,whose protein had a same change of expression level in the ischemic penumbra of model rats. Immunofluorescence double-staining laser scanning by CLSM showed that the immunoreactivity of FADD was located in cytoplasm,and the intracellular translocation of the immunoreactivity of Daxx from nucleus to cytoplasm was monitored by measuring the green fluorescence after ischemia.Conclusion The transient upregulation of FADD and the persistant high level of expression of Daxx may contribute to neuronal apoptosis following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.

Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Breast Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Protein Array Analysis ; methods ; Proteomics ; methods ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; methods

Autophagy is an active research area in the biomedical field as its role has been identified in many physiological and pathological processes. Accordingly, there is a growing demand to identify, quantify and manipulate the process accurately. Meanwhile, there is great interest in identifying compounds that modulate autophagy because they may have applications in the treatment of a variety of autophagy-related diseases. In this review, we summarize the current status of autophagy screening systems to facilitate identification of autophagy modulators.
Autophagy ; Humans

Objective To investigate the variation law of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values in patients with cerebral infarction, and to explore the relationship between the changes and the prognosis of cerebral infarct patients. Methods Sixteen patients with cerebral infarction were recruited and divided into 2 groups:good recovery and poor rehabilitation. ADC and FA values were calculated in infarct areas and control areas which were the regions with symmetrical position and the same area as infarct areas. The difference of ADC and FA values in patients at acute and earlier chronic stage between the two areas were analyzed. Results ①At acute stage, ADC values in infarct areas were lower than those in control areas (P<0.05). At early chronic stage, there was no significant difference of ADC values between infarct areas and control areas (P>0.05), moreover ADC values were higher than that at acute phase (P<0.05). ②FA values in infarct areas were lower than those in control areas at both acute and early chronic stage (P<0.05). At early chronic stage, FA values were lower than those at acute stage (P<0.05). ③There was no significant difference of ADC and FA values at both acute and early chronic stage between good recovery group compared with poor rehabilitation group (P>0.05). Conclusion There are certainly rules in changes of ADC and FA values in patients with cerebral infarction at acute and earlier chronic stage.

Objective To evaluate the influence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on maternal and perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical features of both twin and singleton pregnancies, which delivered in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2013. The twin pregnancies were divided into two groups:those with (GDM-T, n=51) and without GDM (non-GDM-T, n=130), which were matched by maternal age and delivery time (within one month) in a ratio of 1∶2 among singleton pregnancies with (GDM-S, n=102) and without GDM (non-GDM-S, n=102), respectively. The differences of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes among these four groups were examined. The overall assessment of pregnancy outcomes was completed using Delphi method. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way analysis of variance, t test, Kruskal-Wallis test, rank test, Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Results (1) When compared to GDM-S and non-GDM-S group respectively, less women conceived with the help of assisted reproductive technology, higher proportion of women underwent and gestational age at delivery tend to be earlier in GDM-T and non-GDM-T group (all P<0.01). In oral glucose tolerance test,the fasting blood glucose level of GDM-T group was higher than the other three groups (F=21.716, P<0.01), the glucose levels at 1 and 2 h were higher than non-GDM-T and non-GDM-s respectively (both P<0.01), but no significant difference was found when compared with GDM-S group (P>0.01). Similarly, no significant difference was found in prenatal glycosylated hemoglobin value between GDM-T and GDM-S group (P>0.01). (2) There was no significant difference in the incidences of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, anemia, premature rupture of membranes, oligohydramnios, placental abruption, postpartum hemorrhage, asphyxia neonatorum, small for gestational age, hypoglycemia of newborn, hyperbilirubinemia of newborn and perinatal death between GDM-T group and the other three groups(all P>0.01). Higher incidences of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and postpartum hemorrhage were shown in the GDM-T group than in the GDM-S and non-GDM-S groups, respectively (both P<0.01). The incidences of preterm birth in GDM-T and non-GDM-T group were both higher than that in GDM-S and non-GDM-S, respectively [54.9%(66/102), 53.8%(140/260), 5.0%(10/102) and 3.0%(6/102), all P<0.01], while no significant difference was found between GDM-T and non-GDM-T group (P>0.01). (3) The overall assessment of pregnancy outcomes did not show any difference between GDM-T group and the other three groups (χ2=6.707, P>0.01). However, the score for fetal outcomes in the GDM-T group was higher than in the GDM-S and non-GDM-S group, but lower than in non-GDM-T group [M(Q)=1.0(2.3), 0.0(3.0), 0.0(0.0), 1.0(2.8) score, χ2=122.818, P<0.01]. Conclusions GDM does not increase the risk of adverse pregnant outcomes in twin pregnancies.

The mycelium growth and sporulation in different temperature, pH value and light conditions were detected by using the crossing and haemocytometer method. The toxicity of five fungicides to Fusarium oxysporum was tested by mycelia growth method, so as to provide the reference for prevention and control against F. oxysporum. The optimum temperature and pH value of F. oxysporum to grow and spore were 28 degrees C and 6-7. Alternating light and darkness promoted growth and sporulation of bacterial colony. As for five fungicides, the EC50 of tebuconazole was 10.02 mg x L(-1), 92.50 times as much as carbendazim. The EC50 of myclobutanil and Fuxing was 91.23, 96.68 mg x L(-1), respectively. Tebuconazole showed the most tremendous inhibitory effect and control efficiency on F. oxysporum.
Fungicides, Industrial ; pharmacology ; Fusarium ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Mycelium ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Orchidaceae ; microbiology ; Plant Diseases ; microbiology ; Spores, Fungal ; drug effects ; growth & development

Objective To construct a eukaryotic vector which contains avian H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) antigen and the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and to investigate its expression in COS7 cells,and the ability to induce specific immune responses in vivo in different periods.Methods After cloned by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),CTB and HA genes were digested with BamH Ⅰ and connected into CTB-HA gene with T4 ligase.The connected gene was referred to as CH.After double digestion,CH gene was inserted into a eukaryotic recombinant plasmid pCI-neo.The pCI-CH plasmid was then transfected into COS7 cells.Western blot was used to detect the expression of HA antigen.After New Zealand white rabbits were immunized,the titer of HA antigen-specific antibody in serum and its specificity with other strains such as H1N1,H9N1,H3N2 and influenza B virus were determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The pCI-CH vector (DNA vaccine) was successfully constructed,which could be efficiently expressed in COS7 cells and induce specific antibodies against pCI-CH in rabbits.Cross reactions indicated that DNA vaccine pCI-CH specific antisera could not only react with H5N1 strain (P/N＞2.1),but also H1N1,H9N1 and H3N2 strains,but did not cross react with influenza B virus.Conclusion The newly constructed avian H5N1 influenza virus nucleic acid vaccine has good immunogenicity.

Objective To investigate the mRNA expression of a proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) and its receptors including B cell maturation antigen (BCMA),transmembrane activator.calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SEE).Methods APRIL mRNA、BCMA mRNA and TACI mRNA in PBMCs were detected by real-time quantitative PCR in 66 SLE patients and 25 normal controls.Gene expression level was measured as 2-AACT.Results The expression levels of APRIL mRNA、BCMA mRNA and TACI-mRNA were significantly increased in both active SLE group and stable SLE group compared with those in the normal controls(P<0.01 for all).The expression levels of APRIL mRNA and TACI mRNA in active SLE group were significantly higher than those in stable SLE group(P<0.01,P<0.05,respectively).But there was no significant difierence in the expression levels of BCMA mRNA between the SLE stable and active groups-Beside,the expression levels of APRIL mRNA and TACI mRNA were significantly increased in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) compared to patients with non-LN (P<0.01 for all).Conclusion The expression levels of APRIL and its receptors are significantly elevated in SLE patients.It may suggest that APRIL and its receptors play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE.