OBJECTIVE:To review drug use in the pediatric outpatient department of our hospital.METHODS:1000pediatric prescriptions during Aug.1to Aug.20,2004and another1000during Aug.1to Aug.20,2005were collected from the pediatric outpatient department of our hospital,and which were subjected to statistical analysis using international indicators of rational drug use and DDDs.RESULTS:The usage of injection accounted for12.3%in2004and11.4%in2005.The usage of anti-infectives stood at84.20%in2005,accounting for46.11%of total drug consumption sum.Azithromycin and cefaclor respectively dominated the first place on the lists of consumption sum and DDDs.CONCLUSION:The practice of Prescription Management Rules(trial)helps improving the use of injections in the pediatric outpatient department of our hospital.However,there are still many problems,which needs to be tackled in the application of anti-infectives and further intervention measures needs to be taken.

Adenocarcinoma ; drug therapy ; secondary ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Benzenesulfonates ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; drug therapy ; secondary ; surgery ; Diarrhea ; chemically induced ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; secondary ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; secondary ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Niacinamide ; analogs & derivatives ; Phenylurea Compounds ; Pyridines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Remission Induction

Objective To establish virtual three-dimensional instrument and cerebral aneurysm models by using three-dimensional moulding software,and to explore the effect of the models in interventional preoperative simulation.Methods The virtual individual models including cerebral arteries and aneurysms were established by using the three-dimensional moulding software of 3D Studio MAX R3 based on standard virtual cerebral aneurysm models and individual DSA image.The virtual catheter,guide wire,stent and coil were also established.The study of interventional preoperative simulation was run in personal computer,and included 3 clinical cases.Results The simulation results of the working angle and the moulding angle of the head of catheter and guide wire in 3 cases were identical with that of operation results. The simulation results of the requirement of number and size of coil in 1 case of anterior communicating aneurysm and 1 case of posterior communicating aneurysm were identical with that of operation results.The simulation results of coil for aneurysmal shape in 1 case of giant internal carotid artery aneurysm were more than 2 three-dimensional coils with size of 3mm?3 cm from the operation results,and the position of the second coil in aneurysmal neck was adjusted according to the results of real-time simulation.The results of retrospective simulation of operation procedure indicated that the simulation methods for regular and small aneurysms could become a routine simulation means but more simulation experience was needed to build up for the giant aneurysms.Conclusions The virtual three-dimensional instrument and cerebral aneurysm models established by the general software provided a new study method for neuro-interventional preoperative simulation,and it played an important guidance role in developing neuro- interventional operation.

AIM:To investigate the surgical method and extent of reoperation in the concomitant strabismus patients with surgical under-correction and over-correction.
METHODS: Ninety - six concomitant strabismus patients with surgical under - correction and over -correction were recruited in this study, which included 41 males and 55 females, aged 21. 90±14. 70. All individuals underwent routine eye examinations for strabismus before the surgery. Among the cases with concomitant esotropia, there were over-correction in 23 cases, under-correction in 15 cases. Among the cases with concomitant exotropia, there were over-correction in 28 cases, under - correction in 30 cases. The method of reoperation were based on angle of deviation, the method of original operation and acute visual acuity of patients.
RESULTS:In over - correction cases with concomitant esotropia, medial rectus muscle of 9 cases were advanced, the corrective extent was (5. 51±2. 63) ? / mm;9 cases were performed advance of medial rectus muscle and recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (6. 25±1. 59) ? / mm; 3 cases were performed resection of medial rectus muscle and recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4. 26±1. 04) ? /mm; only 2 cases were performed recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4. 21±1. 91) ? /mm. In under - correction cases with concomitant esotropia, 6 cases were performed resection of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4. 03±0. 98) ? /mm; 6 cases were performed resection of lateral rectus muscle and recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (6. 86 ± 1. 32) ? / mm; 3 cases were performed recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was ( 4. 33 ± 0. 29 ) ? / mm. In over -correction cases with concomitant exotropia, 16 cases were performed advance of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (5. 37 ± 1. 56) ? / mm; 6 cases were performed recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (6. 29 ± 3. 68) ? / mm; 5 cases were performed advance of lateral rectus muscle and recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (5. 46±1. 78) ? / mm; 1 case were performed resection of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was 5. 00? / mm. In under - correction cases with concomitant exotropia, 12 cases were performed resection of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4. 47 ± 0. 54) ? / mm; 16 cases were performed recession of lateral rectus muscle and resection of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was ( 5. 11 ± 0. 75 ) ? / mm; 2 cases were performed recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (2. 65±0. 42) ? / mm.
CONCLUSION: In reoperation of concomitant strabismus patients with over-correction, weakening or/and strengthening the horizontal muscle which were performed surgery before has a greater and more unstable surgical corrective extent. While In reoperation of concomitant strabismuspatients with under -correction, weakening or/ and strengthening the horizontal muscle which were not performed surgery has a normal corrective extent as usual.

Objective To observe the changes of soluble L-selectin(sL-selectin) concentrations in children with viral encephalitis(VE) and probe its significance in pathogenesy and clinic.Methods Selecting 30 children with VE,including 14 mild case and 16 severe case.Collecting their venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) in acute and recovery stage.Using double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method to measure sL-selectin concentrations of serum and CSF and comparing with control group,respectively.Results SL-selectin concentrations from serum and CSF in the acute stage were significantly higher than those of control group(all P0.05).Conclusions L-selectin may participate in the pathologic course in VE.The concentrations of sL-selectin from serum and CSF are related with the patients′ condition and it has important reference value in judging patients′ condition,assessing their prognose and guiding clinical treatment.

Objective To explore the unique relationship between Willis circle and cerebral watershed infarction in a Chinese population. Methods A retrospective analysis of cerebral CT angiography was conducted in 471 non-cere?bral watershed infarctions and 93 MRI-diagnosed cerebral watershed infarctions (CWI)(including External CWI and In?ternal CWI)in Department of Neurology of our hospital and compare the related variations and types of Willis circle be?tween these groups. Results Compared with non-cerebral watershed infarctions, the prevalence of Uni-FTP (short for“fetal type of the Posterior cerebral artery”) in E-CWI (36.4%, P<0.05) and Bi-FTP in I-CWI (0%, P<0.05) was signifi?cantly higher in cerebral watershed infarctions. Conclusion FTP is probably an unique risk factor in Chinese patients with CWI.

Objective To discuss the correlation between cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) and uterine cervix cancer and the combination of TCT and colposcope for the investigation of cervical lesion.Methods 5545 patients were preliminarily screened by cervical fluid basement cell folium smear,in which 307 patients are masculine and 219 are negative,the 526 patients are suspected cervical lesions in clinical symptoms and they further underwent colposcopy and biopsy,the results were analyzed by pathohistology which is golden standard.Results CIN coherent dangerous factors analyzed by single factor Logistic regression analysis are:cervical HPV pollution,age of sexual activity,sexual partners numbers,protection of sexual life, STD history,age and frequency of miscarriage ( P < 0.05 ).The coincidence between TCT,colposeopy and pathologic diagnosis are 49.4%, 83.8% ;the omission diagnostic rate of LSIL,HSIL and CC from TCT are 63.63% ,74.44% ,100% ;the omission diagnostic rate of LSIL,HSIL and CC from colposcopy are 33.37%, 12.22% ,0;the sensitivity of TCT,colposcopy and TCT combine colposcopy for CIN are 61.2% ,84.6% ,94.5% and specificity are 85.4% ,88.2.% ,90.8%.Conclusions (1)The generation of CIN and cervical cancer are correlated with cervical HPV pollution,sexual behavior and various kinds of lower genital tract infection.(2) Fluid basement cell folium smear can promote the property of diagnosis,meet the demands of early stage uterus neck cancer and precancer lesion investigation,are suitable to be routine cheek methods in primary hospital.

Objective To construct a voxel mouse model combining with Monte Carlo method used for radiation dose calculation.Methods A set of slice images obtained from a nude male mouse (28 g) was utilized, all slice images were registered,some organs or tissues were identified, segmented and filled with specific color, and finally the physical property was defined by MCNP application.Results A mouse model with a voxel size of 0.2 mm×0.2 mm×0.2 mm, consisting of 14 organs or tissues,was constructed, which could satisfy the requirement of precision for radiation dose distribution calculation and moderate computing time.Conclusion The voxel mouse model can be used to calculate the quantity of ionization radiation dosimetry in related areas including radiological medicine, nuclear medicine and space radiation medicine.

Objective To demonstrate the effect of comprehensive treatment under nasal endoscopy for epistaxis. Methods The bleeding sites of 92 patients were defined by nasal endoscopic examination. Epistaxis was cured by single pole or bipolar coagulation, combined with micro packing and systemic treatment. The bleeding sites and effect were studied retrospectively. Results The hemorrhagic foci were found in the following sites: 60.87%(56/92) in Little area, 13.04%(12/92) in the middle and back of nasal septum, 10.87% (10/92) in olfactory sulcus, 8.70% (8/92) in middle turbinate , 3.26% (3/92) at the top of inferior meatus, 2.17% (2/92) at the top of nasal cavity, 1.09% (1/92) at unknown part at the back of nasal cavity. Epistaxis was successfully controlled by once nasal endoscopic examation and hemostasis in 86 of 92 patients. While in 5 of 92 patients, epistaxis was cured by twice nasal endoscopic examation and hemostasis. Endoscopicligation of the sphenopalatineartery was performed in 1 patient with unknown posteriorepistaxis. In 92 patients,15 cases were given micro packing combined with systemic treatment. All the patients were cured and were followed up for 3 months without recurrence and the cure rate was 100.00%. Conclusions The major bleeding site is Little area. Single pole or bipolar coagulation, combined with micro packing and systemic treatment under nasal endoscope is effective for epistaxis and worth of clinic application extensively.

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVETo investigate the morbidity rate and the epidemiological characteristics of snoring among the elderly in Yangpu District of Shanghai City.METHODSOne thousand six hundred and thirty persons(≥60 years) were investigated through questionnaires in Yangpu District of Shanghai City by a method of cluster sampling.The prevalence and risk factors of snoring were estimated. The relationship between snoring and the common clinical complications was observed by correlation factor analysis.RESULTS1630 questionnaires were provided, among which 1489 questionnaires(91.35%) were effective for evaluation.Of 1489 subjects, 213(14.3%) subjects had habitual snoring. Multivariate analysis revealed that obesity as a significant risk factor of snoring. The prevalence rate of snoring in the elderly with hypertension and poor quality of sleep was higher than that in the normal elderly.CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of snoring in the elder persons (≥60 years) in Yangpu District of Shanghai City is high. Obesity is a significant risk factor of snoring. The main clinical presentations of snoring in the elderly are atypical by the performance of poor sleep quality and the complication of hypertension.