OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Scirpus yagara Ohwi. METHODS: Column chromatography techniques were applied to isolate the constituents. The chemical structures of the constituents were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data. RESULTS: Forteen compounds were isolated and identified as sanleng diphenyllactone (1), β-sitosterol (2), ferulic acid(3), succinic acid(4), azelaic acid(5), docosanoic acid (6), 6, 7, 10-trihydroxy-8-octadecenoic acid(7), 4, 4-dime-thyl-1, 7-pimelic acid(8), vanillic acid(9), 3, 5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-benzoic acid(10), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde(II), 3, 4-dihydroxy-benzoic acid(12), 2, 7-dihydroxy xanthone(13) and daucosterol(14). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-10 and 12-14 are obtained from this plant for the first time, and compounds 1 and 13 were obtained from the genus Scirpus for the first time.

Objective To study the effect of mixed purified autogenic and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods Thirty-six MRL/lpr mice were randomly divided into the control group, the study group,the mixed group ( the ratio of autogenic to hematopoietic stem cells, mixed in different proportions were infused intravenously after 60Co irradiation. The study group were treated with daily intraperitoneal infusion of dexamethasone 1 mg·kg-1·d-1, while the control group were treated with intraperitoneal infusion of equivalent volume of saline daily. The changes of serum creatinine level, the urine protein excretion of the mice and blood WBC count were compared. Repeat measures ANOVA was used for data analysis. ELISA was used for anti-nuclear antibody detection Light microscopy, electronic micros-copy, immunofluorescence were applied to detect the pathological changes in renal tissue. Results Serum creatinine and urine protein excretion levels increased with time in the ontrol group, while those of the transplant group and the study group decreased. The reduction in mixed transplantation group and the study group was more evident compared with that of the allogeneic group. The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference between the mixed transplantation groups and the study group (P＞0.05). The histopathologic damage was most serious in the control group as pathological injury score of most mice were in grade 3 or 4. The majority of the histopathologic damage of the allogeneic group was in grade 2. Most f pathological damage of the study drug group and the mixed transplantation group were grade 1 or 2. Conclusion Mixed hematoopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of murine systemic lupus erythematosus can effectively correct heavy proteinuria in murine systemic lupus erythematosus so improve the renal damage. It is a safe and effectively way to treat murine systemic lupus erythematosus.

Animals ; Heart Ventricles ; cytology ; Lipid Bilayers ; Potassium Channels ; Sarcolemma ; physiology ; Swine

Objective To study the influence of exposure factors on posttraumatic stress disorder( PTSD) and Posttraumatic Growth( PTG) in middle school students in disaster area four years after the Wenchuan earth?quake . Methods 1 526 students from four schools in Worst?Hit Areas were investigated with Self?compiled Earth?quake Exposure Factors Questionnaire,Posttraumatic Growth Inventory( C?PTGI) and Impact of Event Scale( IES?R). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis.Results The score of IES?R had sig?nificant difference between different levels of all exposure factors(F=5.75~89.10, P<0.05) ,and students with high exposure level((26.68±14.66),(26.80±15.56),(27.83±14.62),(29.02±15.36),(27.77±15.74),(26.74± 15.63),(25.43±14.32),(29.51±14.36)) had heavier symptoms of PTSD than those with low exposure level ((22.84±13.96),(23.98±13.99),(23.63±14.21),(23.53±13.96),(23.64±13.83),(24.24±14.15),(21.27± 14.35),(17.54±13.34)). Only exposure factors of having witnessed someone injured and having close friends se?riously injured or being killed could significantly influence the score of PTGI(F=11.82, P=0.001;F=6.23, P=0.013). Regression analysis showed that five exposure factors (grade,having felt scared,having family members being killed,having close friends seriously injured or being killed,having witnessed someone injured) had signifi?cant effect on IES(ΔR 2=0.141) ,but only one factor( having witnessed someone injured) had weak effect on PTG (ΔR 2=0.007).Conclusion Exposure factors can predict posttraumatic stress symptoms in middle school students in Wenchuan four years after the earthquake,and the emotion of fear is a strongest predictor,but they can not pre?dict posttraumatic growth.

More and more studies have shown that NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has become the regulatory factor of inflammatory response and protective immunity, and the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes are closely related to the anti-tumor immunity effect. Depending on the cell type and stimuli, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can induce immune cells to become polarized, hyperactive, or pyroptotic, releasing interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, which leads to cascade immune or inflammatory responses, and its role in tumor immunity has received extensive attention. Here, we review the mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome enhancing CD8⁺ T cells-mediated anti-tumor immunity by inducing the pyroptosis of tumor cell, the pyroptosis or hyperactive state of dendritic cells (DCs), and the pyroptosis or polarization of the macrophages. Different anti-tumor immune roles of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in tumor cells and immune cells provide new directions for future research and may influence the development of next-generation immunotherapy.

Background It is thought in recently that photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment method for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), but the dosage of verteporfin and its long-term efficacy and complications is rarely elucidated ever before.Objective This study was to observe the long-term efficacy and safety of 60％ dose verteporfin PDT for chronic CSC.Methods This is a retrospective study and a self-controlled design was used.The clinical data of 25 eyes of 21 chronic CSC patients who received 60％-dose verteporfin PDT in Henan Eye Institute from January 2009 to May 2010 were reviewed, with the male 18 (85.71％) and female 3 (14.29％) as well as monocular CSC 17 patients and binocular CSC 4 patients.The average ages of the patients were (43±5) years.Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) , indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), optical coherence tomography(OCT) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were examined in all the patients before and after treatment.PDT with the 60％-dose verteporfin (3.6 mg/m2) was carried out on the CSC eyes.The treated eyes were examined 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months after PDT.The BCVA,subfoveal choroid thickness,FFA and ICGA findings before and after PDT were compared.The following-up duration was 5 years or more.Results The BCVA before and 3 months after PDT were 0.5 ±0.1 and 0.9±0.2, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between them (t =19.17,P =0.00).The subfoveal choroidal thickness value 3 months after PDT was (326.56±39.47) μm,which was significantly reduced in comparison with (486.24 ±47.53) μm before PDT (t =25.17, P =0.00).FFA and ICGA showed that the leakage of fluorescein (hyperfluorescence) was disappeared in all the treated eyes.No systemic or local adverse effects and recurrence were observed during the follow-up period.Conclusions On the basis of the results of this study and available information,60％-dose verteporfin PDT seems to have a better long-term efficacy and safety than full-dose verteporfin in treating chronic CSC.

Carcinoma in Situ ; epidemiology ; etiology ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; surgery ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus ; epidemiology ; etiology ; pathology ; Prevalence ; Vulvar Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; etiology ; pathology

Objective To investigate the thermal effects on tissue structures during microwave endometrial ablation(MEA)and seek a feasible method of endometrial thinning and a fitting mode of applicator radiating microwaves.Methods Operations were performed between the group of thorough uterine curettage and the group of early follicular phase in in vitro or in vivo uterus.The former was treated with MEA after thorough uterine curettage;while the latter was treated with MEA in the early follicular phase directly.The applicator radiating microwaves were moved in "Z" or "Z+W" shape inside uterine cavity.At the same time the serosal temperature was measured in the uterine fundus,tael cornua uteri,the posterior wall and the lower part of anterior wall.After operations the uterine specimens were stained by hematoxylin- eosin,and respiratory enzyme dehydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase(NADH-d) methods.The morphologic changes and the depth of tissue thermal damage were evaluated using an optical microscope and electron microscope.Results(1)Under the optical microscope the endometrial glands became distorted,the cell boundaries disappeared,the nucleoli turned condensed and were stained darker. A large number of acute inflammatory cells appeared in fibrous tissue.In the shallow muscle layer cells were arrayed thickly,nucleoli were solidified and condensed,and cellular plasm were concentrated.The endometrial and the superficial muscle layers were damaged and colorless with NADH-d staining.The scope of the tissue thermal damage was clearly seen.Under an electron microscope,some smooth muscle ceils, chromatin,karyotheca and cellular membranes were destroyed.The mitochondria were swollen,membranes were ruptured,and the crista disappeared.Many organelles were destroyed.The chromatin was lightly wrecked in the transitional area between putrescence and the normal smooth muscle tissue.Karyotheca and cellular plasm still existed,the mitochondria were highly edematous and the crista were disappeared,and the granular endoplasmic reticula were slightly expanded and degranulated.(2)The serosal temperature in in vitro uterus was significantly higher than that in in vivo uterus(P0.05).The injury depth of the "Z+ W" radiation group increased significantly than that of the " Z" radiation group(P

Bacterial biodiversities of microbial mat and sediments, which were sampled from thermal springs of Tengchong Rehai in Yunnan, were preliminarily studied with PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Directly extracted total DNA from environmental samples amplified by PCR with two sets of bacteria-specific primers. The PCR products, which include the V 8 and V 9 high-variable regions respectively, were analyzed by using DGGE. The DGGE profiles not only indicated the existence of higher levels of bacterial diversity, but also showed that the microbial mat and sediments have different dominant bacteria. Furthermore, the bacterial PCR-DGGE displayed clear profiles of bacterial structure selected by the key abiotic factors of the extreme environments, such as temperature and concentration of oxygen.

Objective To investigate the effect of glucocorticoid and bisphosphonate on Hedgehog signaling pathway in human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and bone tissue.Methods ① Bone biopsy test:forty cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients were divided into 2 groups:20 cases in newly diagnosis group,20 cases in the GCs group (the dosage of glucocorticoids was higher than 1 mg·kg-1·d-1).Patients in the GCs group was randomly divided into 2 groups:10 cases in the control group were without anti-osteoporosis treatment,10 cases in treatment group received alendronate 70 mg once a week.All of the patients had bone marrow puncture after24 weeks,and the value of average optical density of Gli1 was tested with immunohistochemistry.② Cell culture:hBMSCs cultured in normal medium were intervened with rh-SHHN and methylprednisolone (10-3 mol/L,10-5 mol/L) after successfully identified.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detectthe mRNA expression of Gli1.The final calcium nodules was detected by Alizarin red staining.hBMSCs cultured in osteogenesis medium were intervened with bisphosphonate and methylprednisolone (10-3 mol/L) after successfully identified.Quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of Gli1 mRNA.Alizarin red staining was used to detect the final calcium nodules.Comparisons between the two groups were carried out using t-test while the difference analysis of multi-groups were tested by factorial analysis.Results The average optical density of Gli1 in the GCs group (47±7) was less than the newly diagnosed group (61±12) (t=4.442,P＜0.01),and it was less in the control group (51±6) than in the treatment group (42±6) (t=3.701,P=0.002).When normally cultured,high and moderate concentration of methylprednisolone suppressed the mRNA (0.38±0.04; 0.68±0.24) (F=8.748,P＜0.01) expression of Gli1 which was initially stimulated by rh-SHHN (2.01 ±0.38).And the final calcium nodules in groups which contained methylprednisolone were much less than rh-SHHN only group.When hBMSCs were cultured in osteogenesis medium,compared with the methylprednisolone group (0.024±0.011),the expression of Gli1mRNA(0.034-0.006) (t=7.62,P＜0.01) and the final calcium nodules were significantly improved by bisphosphonate.Conclusion High and moderate doses of glucocorticoids inhibit hBMSC osteogenesis by inhibiting Gli1.Low concentration of alendronate can not only stimulate hBMSC osteogenesis differentiation but also can remit the inhibition effects of GCs through the way of Hedgehog.