Objective To investigate the distribution,drug resistance characteristics and genotypes of extended-spectrum-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing strain in pathogenic gram-negative rod in infection of newborn in Guangzhou.Methods The standard was performed by the production for ESBLs by phenotypic screening and confirmatory test provided by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards in 2001.The method of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplification was perbonmed and DNA sequences were analyzed by ESBLs gene sequencing.Results Total of 71 un-repicated and consecutive Gram-negative bacilli were isolated from 13 hospitals in Guangzhou,and the prevalence of ESBLs-producing clinical Gram-negative isolates was 59.2%(42/71).The PCR results showed that most pathogenic bacilli which infected newborn could be separated two or more genes of ESBLs.The type of TEM,SHV,CTX-M1,CTX-M9,OXA was 35.6%, 26.7% ,10.9%,24.8%,2.0%,respectively.The result of drug resistance monitoring showed that pathogenic gram-negative bacillui which infected newborn were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia mostly.Most parts of them were drug fast and even multidrug resistant to the commonly used antibiotics.The sensitive drugs were lmipenem(the rate of sensitivty 100%),cefoperazone/sulbactam(87.3%),piperacillin/tazbatam(85.3%),ceftazidime(82%),aztreonam(82%),cefepime(81.8%).Conclusions In Guangzhou,the incidence rate of ESBLs-producing strain are very high inpathogenic bacilli which infected in newborn and is multidrug resistance.The genetypes of produced ESBLs are TEM,SHV,CTX-M1,CTX-M9,OXA.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical significance of fecal DNA tests for colon tumor diagnosis and screening,we inspected the mutations of APC,p53 and K-ras genes in the tissue and feces of patients with colorectal tumor.Methods We collected 46 patients with colorectal cancer(CRC),60 patients with colorectal adenomas( CRA) and 30 cases of normal person in Huizhou First People Hospital in Guangdong Province from Nov.2011 to Aug.2012.Then all the tumor tissues and feces of these people were detected the mu-tation rate about the APC,p53 and K-ras genes using polymerase chain reaction single strand conformation poly-morphism analysis method(PCR-SSCP).Results The mutation rates of APC,p53,K-ras genes of feces in CRC group,CRA group and normal group were 58.7%(27/46),65.2%(30/46)and 60.9%(28/46),20.0%(12/60),25.0%(15/60)and 23.3%(14/60),3.33%(1/30),0%(0/30)and 0%(0/30),respectively.How-ever the mutation rate in tissues were 63.0%(29/46),69.6%(32/46)and 63.0%(29/46),25.0%(15/60), 26.7%(16/60)and 26.7%(16/60),0%(0/30),0%(0/30) and 0%(0/30).Corresponding mutations could be found in feces and tumor tissues.Consistency checking for mutations rate in feces and tumor tissues of CRC group and CRA group showed that the Kappa value were 0.818(P<0.001),0.901(P<0.001),0.862(P<0.001)and 0.857(P<0.001),0.870(P<0.001),0.822(P<0.001).It means an excellent consistency.Con-clusion Fecal DNA testing is expected to become an effective noninvasive colon tumor early diagnosis and screening method.

AIM:To compare the clinical effects of 25G+ and 27G+ transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy in treating idiopathic macular hole.METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical outcomes of 56 eyes (56 patients) with idiopathic macular hole which were treated with micro-incision vitrectomy from June 2015 to September 2016.Patients were divided into two groups, 28 patients (28 eyes) were treated with 25G+ vitrectomy and the rest (28 eyes) were treated with 27G+ vitrectomy.The operative time and intraoperative complications were recorded and patients were followed up for 3-6mo.During the follow up period, best correct vision acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, macular hole healing and postoperative complications were documented and statistically analyzed.RESULTS: BCVA in two groups were significantly improved after surgery(P<0.001) and there was no significant difference between the two groups(P=0.84).No serious complications occurred.No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in surgical time and healing rate of macular hole (P=0.57, 0.64).The incidence of low intraocular pressure (IOP<10mmHg) in 27G+ group was lower than that in 25G+ group on the first day after surgery(P=0.31).There was no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure at 1wk after operation in both groups (P=0.72, 0.92).CONCLUSION: Both 25G+ and 27G+ vitrectomy are safe and effective technique in treating idiopathic macular hole.Besides, 27G+ showed better superiority on the maintenance of intraocular pressure and reduce the trauma.

Objective To investigate the effect of trabeculectomy combined with segmental iridectomy, mitomycin C (MMC) and viscoelastic agents usage on the treatment of glaucoma secondary in uveitis. Methods According to the age, degree of inflammation and the condition of Tenon capsule of patients, differ-ent concentration of MMC (0.25-0.33 mg/ml) was used during the operation, with separation of the anterior and posterior synechia, resection of pupillary organization membrane using viscoelastic agents. Segmental iridec-tomy and releasable sutures were also performed on the patients. The visual acuity of preoperation and postoper-ation, intraocular pressure, inflammation and the complication were record. Results Forty-two eyes of 38 cases with glaucoma secondary in uveitis were studied, the mean follow-up time was (12.01±3.56) months. The postoperative visual acuity improved in 14 eyes, didn't change in 28 eyes. The postoperative inflammation of anterior chamber disappeared in 35 eyes, relieved in 7 eyes. And the average postoperative intraocular pres-sure (15.20± 4.64) mmHg was significantly lower than the preoperative intraocular pressure (38.37±12.93) mmHg (t = 8.255, P = 0.000). The total success rate was 92.9%. There were no severe complication. Conclusion Trabeculeetomy combined with MMC, viscoelastic agents usage, separation of anterior and poste-rior syneehia, segmental iridectomy and releasable suture could increase the success rate of operation on pa tients with glaucoma secondary in uveitis, decrease the complication and inflammation reaction of operation, and the recurrence of uveitis.

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effect of early combination treatment with intratympanic glucocorticoid injection for sudden sensorineural hearing loss(SSNHL).METHODSTotal of 178 patients with diagnosis of SSNHL, including 44 with hearing loss at middle-low frequencies,50 at high frequencies,44 at all frequencies and 40 at total deafness, were randomly divided into combination treatment group (CT group) and systemic oral prednisone group (OP group).CT group (82 patients) received intratympanic administration of methylprednisolone and oral prednisone in tapering doses. Pure-tone threshold audiometry (PTA) was performed at week 8 after beginning of therapy. RESULTSIn middle-low frequencies, the final PTA and PTA improvement were 26.14±24.82 dB and 42.23±1.61 dB in CT group respectively, and were 37.91±13.98 dB and 30.00±13.30 dB in OP group respectively (both P<0.05). In high frequencies, all frequencies and total deafness SSNHL group, the differences of the final PTA and PTA improvement were not statistically significant in both groups. The PTA improvement in CT group for total deafness (26.52±14.03) dB was more than that of OP group (22.06±11.17)dB (t=2.361,P<0.05). In middle-low frequencies, the recovery rate was 72.73%(16 cases) in CT group, and 40.91% (9 cases) in OP group, the difference was significant (χ2=4.539,P<0.05), but not in apparent effective rate, effective rate and total effective rate. In high frequencies, all frequencies and total deafness, there were no significant differences in therapeutic effect. The recovery rate of total CT group (40.24%) was significantly increased compared with that of OP group (26.04%)(χ2=4.061,P<0.05), the differences of apparent effective rate, effective rate and total effective rate were not statistically significant in both groups.CONCLUSIONFor low-middle frequencies SSNHL, the early combination treatment with intratympanic glucocorticoid injection leads to higher hearing recovery and therapeutic effect compared with traditional oral prednisone. Systemic application should be applied for high frequencies, all frequencies and total deafness of SSNHL.

Poly ( duenedumethylammonuum chlorude ) ( PDDA ) functuonaluzed sulver nanopartucles ( AgNPs ) prepared wuth PDDA as the protectuve and reductuve agents was combuned wuth graphene oxude ( GO ) to prepare PDDA functuonaluzed cubuc sulver nanopartucles ( C-AgNPs)/GO composute, whuch was then modufued on a glassy carbon electrode ( GCE) to form C-AgNPs-PDDA/GO/GCE. The surface morphologues of dufferent modufued electrodes were characteruzed by scannung electron mucroscope ( SEM ) , and theur correspondung cycluc voltammetruc ( CV) behavuors were unvestugated, unducatung that the composute of C-AgNPs-PDDA/GO exhubuted excellent electrocatalytuc oxudatuon actuvuty to DA and NO-2 . By usung dufferentual pulse voltammetry, the responses of C-AgNPs-PDDA/GO/GCE were lunear un the ranges of 0 . 030-0 . 300 μmol/L and 0 . 300-300 μmol/L wuth detectuon lumut of 9. 8 nmol/L (S/N=3) for DA, and 30. 0-2300 μmol/L wuth detectuon lumut of 12. 6 μmol/L (S/N=3) for NO-2, respectuvely. The modufued electrode dusplayed good selectuvuty, reproducubuluty and stabuluty, and could be used for the sumultaneous determunatuon of DA and NO-2 un human serum samples wuth recoverues of 97. 4%-104. 2% and 98. 0%-102. 8%, respectuvely. Compared wuth spectrophotometruc method, the determunatuon results were satusfactory, showung that the modufued electrode possessed a potentual applucatuon value.

OBJECTIVETo establish a method of TLC identification for Dida commonly used in Tibetan medicine from different species.

METHODWith silica gel G as the stationary phase, and chloroform-methanol (40: 1) as mobile phase, oleanolic acid from different species of Dida was separated and identified.

RESULTOleanolic acid was detected in 70 kinds of Dida derived from the Gentianaceae Swertia, Halenia, Gentianopsis, Lomatogonium, and Saxifragaceae saxifrage, except for the saxifrage, there are some differences among different genera or subjection.

CONCLUSIONThis TLC method can be used for identification of oleanolic acid in Dida from different species except saxifrage.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; methods ; Oleanolic Acid ; analysis ; chemistry ; Species Specificity

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of acute cold exposure on the inflammation and pathologic injuries in pulmonary of rats, and explore the mechanism induced by cold stress.

METHODSForty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups(n = 8): control group (23 ± 2) °C 2.5 h, -25°C 0.5 h group, -25°C 1 h group, -25°C 2 h group and -25°C 2.5 h group. Rats were exposed to cold at -25°C and no wind by keeping them in a low temperature chamber except control group. Rectal temperatures of the rats were measured before and after cold exposure. The morphological changes of pulmonary were observed by the optics microscope. The levels of tumer necrosis factor-α(TNF- α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-β (IL-1β) in lung tissue homogenate were measured by ELISA.

RESULTSCompared to the control group, body core temperatures of the -25°C 1 h group, -25°C2 h group and -25°C 2.5 h group were decreased significantly, and the D-values of rectal temperature were increased before and after cold exposure (P < 0.05). The infiltration of inflammatory cells and alveolar edema fluid appeared in the lung tissue of the -25°C 2.5 h group. The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inter- leukin-1β (IL-1β) in lung tissue homogenate were increased significantly in -25°C l h group, -25°C 2 h group and -25C° 2.5 h group (P < 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe infiltration of inflammatory cells and the increase in proinflammatory cytokine from pulmonary may lead to the lung tissue injury after acute cold exposure.

Animals ; Cold Temperature ; adverse effects ; Inflammation ; physiopathology ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Lung ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Objective To study the relationship between Couagen Ⅰ,MMP-2,TIMP-2 gene expression and atrial fibrosis during heart failure(HF)in dog.Methods Fourteen dogs were used and randomized into HF induced by ventricular tachypacing and control group.Burst atrial pacing was used to induce atrial fibrillation(AF).And the mRNA and protein level of collagen Ⅰ,MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical technique.Tissue samples were stained with Mallory trichrome.Results Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreased from (67.4? 6.0)% to (29.2?7.8)%,the inducible rate of AF(7/7 vs 2/7) and sustained AF(5/7 vs 0/7) increased and duration of AF stabeatrial fibrillation(SAF) [(462.12?181.43)s vs(0.57?0.57) s] prolonged significantly in HF group.Atrial fibrous tissue content and atrial size of HF group were significantly greater than the controls dogs(268.8% in lefe atria and 190.3% in right atria).The mRNA and protein level of collagen Ⅰ(56.2% and 132.2% in lefe atria,37.4% and 78.0% in right atria)and MMP-2 (100.0% and 115.7% in lefe atria,65.7% and 96.8% in right atria) increased evidently in both lefe atria and right atria,TIMP-2 mRNA decreased 46.3% in lefe atria and had no change in right atria and that its protein had no change in both atrium,whereas the ratio of MMP-2/ TIMP-2 of mRNA and protein increased markedly in both lefe atria (285.3% and 148.8%)and right atria (106.1% and 134.7%)of HF group.SAF had a positive correlation with fibrosis and the gene level of collagen Ⅰ in lefe atria,the ratio of MMP-2/TIMP-2 had a positive correlation with fibrosis and collagen Ⅰ gene level in lefe atria during HF.Conclusions The changes of collagen Ⅰ,MMP-2 and TIMP-2 gene expression appear to be a molecular mechanism of AF, and the molecular remodeling of collagen Ⅰ induced by regulation unbalance of MMP-2/TIMP-2 appears to be an important mechanism of atrial fibrosis during HF.

OBJECTIVETo review the transmission models of tuberculosis in heterogeneous population.

DATA SOURCESThe data used in this review were adopted mainly from the studies of models of tuberculosis reported from 1995 to 2006.

STUDY SELECTIONRelevant literature on transmission models of tuberculosis in heterogeneous populations are referenced.

RESULTSCasual/random factors and genetic factors are the main reasons for epidemics of tuberculosis in recent years. Mass public transport is playing the primary role in casually close contact which can facilitate the transmission of tuberculosis. Genetic susceptibility not only varies endemic prevalence levels, but also drastically alters the effects of treatment for tuberculosis patients. Detailed studies further exhibit that casual contact and genetic factor are responsible for over 30% - 40% of the total new cases in recent years. The prevalence of tuberculosis could double (from 33% to 60%) if a genetically susceptible phenotype is present in only 30% of the population. And some challenges have emerged along with these exciting results.

CONCLUSIONSCasual/random contact, public transport and genetic susceptibility are responsible for most new tuberculosis cases and a wide variation in endemic tuberculosis levels between regions. Hence, the transmission model of tuberculosis in a heterogeneous population can provide more clues to underlying mechanism of tuberculosis transmission than in a homogeneous population. However, many challenges remain for us in understanding transmission of disease.

Cluster Analysis ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Tuberculosis ; transmission