Gout ; therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

Objective To study the effect of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway inhibitors SB203580 on cell cycle of K562 cell lines and its mechanisms. Methods The expression of mRNA and protein of p38,Cyclin D2,Cyelin E and P27 in K562 cell lines treated with SB203580 were detected by retrotranscription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Cell cycle was determined by flow eytometry (FCM). Results The expressions of mRNA and protein of p38, Cyclin D2 and Cyclin E in K562 cell lines treated with SB203580 were decreased and the expression of p27 was increased.The percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase was increased and was decreased in S phase. There was a significant difference as compared with K562 cell lines before treated with SB203580. Conclusion SB203580 can affect cell cycle regulatory proteins by p38 pathway and eventually inhibit proliferation of K562 cells.

Aim To identify alteration in key molecular components related to memory formation and insulin signaling in the hippocampus after rosiglitazone was in-jected into the ob/ob mice to test whether cognitive dysfunction was pharmacologically reversed by regula-tion of rosiglitazone. Methods The age-matched mice were divided into three groups ( n=18 ): Saline-trea-ted WT mice ( WT-Saline);Saline-treated ob/ob mice ( ob/ob-Saline) and RSG-treated ob/ob mice ( ob/ob-RSG) through intraperitoneal injection of rosiglitazone ( RSG) . The random glucose levels were measured for 10 days during the intraperitoneal injection period. No-vel object recognition was performed before mice were sacrificed. Western blot was implemented to evaluate the following proteins: BACE1, p-Tau, p-IRS1,IRS1, p-Akt and Akt in hippocampal tissues. The Aβ1-40 levels were detected by ELISA Kit. Results The random blood glucose levels were significantly re-duced in ob/ob-RSG compared with ob/ob-saline. RSG treatment led to an increase in hippocampus-de-pendent cognition of ob/ob mice according to the novel object recognition. The proteins levels of BACE1, p-Tau and Aβ were lowered in RSG-treated ob/ob mice. Furthermore, RSG treatment up-regulated hippocampal p-IRS1/IRS1 and p-Akt/Akt ratio. Conclusion Ros-iglitazone ameliorates cognitive deficits in ob/ob mice through up-regulating insulin signaling pathways in the hippocampus.

OBJECTIVE:To establish an RP-HPLC method for content determination of s-omeprazole sodium and its related substances.METHODS:The separation of s-omeprazole sodium and the related substances was carried out on a Phenomenex Luna C18 column,the mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.033 mol?L-1 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate-triethylamine (58∶41.8∶0.2,adjusted to pH 7.0 by phosphate acid).The detection wavelength was 302 nm,the flow rate was 1.0 mL?min-1,the column temperature was 25 ℃,and the sample size was 20 ?L.RESULTS:The linear range of omeprazole sodium was 10～500 mg?L-1 (r=0.999 7).The average recovery rate was 100.27% (RSD=0.74%).The average content of the related substances in samples was 0.42%.CONCLUSION:This method is simple,accurate,specific and applicable for content determination of s-omeprazole sodium and its related substances.

OBJECTIVE:To establishment the method for the determination of content of vitamin A palmitate(VAP) and its related substances by HPLC. METHODS:The HPLC conditions were consisted of Phenomenex Luna C18 column with a mobile phase of a mixture of acetonitrile-isopropanol (90∶10) ,the detection wavelength of 328 nm,the column temperature of 30 ℃ and the flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1. RESULTS:VAP was completely separated from impurities,the linearity range was 90～400 mg?L-1(r=0.999 2). The average recovery rate was 99.60% (RSD=1.32%). The average content of the related substances were lower than 2.53% . CONCLUSION: This accurate and reliable HPLC method is applicable for the quality control of VAP.

OBJECTIVE: To observe changes of microcirculation in the superficial regions of acupoints of the three Yin meridians of foot during the menstrual cycle in young college students, so as to provide experimental evidence for explaining the saying of traditional Chinese medicine that acupoints reflect the state of physiological and pathological activities of the internal organs. METHODS: Ninety healthy female volunteer college students were recruited in the present study. The subjects were asked to take a supine position on an examination couch to expose the Yuan-primary acupoints Taixi (KI3), Taibai (SP3) and Taichong (LR3), and Xi-cleft acupoints Shuiquan (KI5), Diji (SP8) and Zhongdu (LR6) which are related to the uterus of the three Yin meridians of foot， the crossing acupoints of the three Yin meridians of foot Sanyinjiao (SP6), non-specific acupoint of the Spleen meridian Xuehai (SP10), non-related meridian acupoint Xuanzhong (GB39) and non-meridian-non-acupoint (being at the same level of GB39, between the Stomach and Gallbladder meridians on the lateral aspect of the lower leg). The laser speckle blood flow imaging technique was used to detect the state of microcirculation (average blood perfusion volume) during menstrual, follicular, ovulatory and luteal phases. RESULTS: The average blood perfusion volume (ABPV) of the right SP8 region was significantly lower in the menstrual phase than in the ovulation and luteal phases (P<0.05), and in the follicular phase than in the ovulation phase (P<0.05). In the left LR6 region, the ABPV was obviously lower in the menstrual period than in the follicular, ovulation and luteal phases (P<0.05). In the SP8, SP6, KI3 and KI5 regions, the ABPV was significantly higher in each of the 4 phases on the left side than on the right side (P<0.05). In the right GB39, the ABPV in each of the 4 phases was apparently higher on the right side than on the left side (P<0.05). In the SP10 region, the ABPV was considerably higher on the left side than on the right side in the ovulation period (P<0.05). The ABPV of SP3 in the menstrual phase and that of the non-acupoint in the luteal phase were significantly higher on the right side than on the left side (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The blood perfusion of microcirculation in the superficial tissues of Xi-cleft acupoints SP8 and LR6 is obviously lower in the menstrual phase than in both of the ovulation and luteal phases in healthy young college students, which may specifically reflect the periodical activities of the uterus in the physiological state, and provide a basis of acupoint selection for menstrual healthy care.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Tangshenkang Granule (TG) containing serum on renal mesangial cells' (RMCs) proliferation and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway in the high glucose condition.

METHODSTwelve SD rats were randomly divided into four groups, i.e., the low dose TG group, the middle dose TG group, the high dose TG group, and the blank control group, 3 in each group. After 7-day gastrogavage via portal vein blood, rats were sacrificed and their serum samples were collected. RMCs were cultured in common rat serum and TG containing serum respectively. The proliferation of mesangial cells was determined by methly thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay to determine the optimal TG containing serum concentration. Expression levels of TGF-β1 mRNA and protein were determined by real time quantitative PCR and ELISA. Smad2/3 protein expression and phosphorylation were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence.

RESULTSTG containing serum at different doses could inhibit high glucose induced RMC cells' proliferation, TGF-β1 over-expression and Smad2/3 phosphorylation.

CONCLUSIONTG containing serum could inhibit high glucose induced RMC cells' proliferation, and its mechanism might be possibly associated with inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Glucose ; Mesangial Cells ; Phosphorylation ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serum ; Signal Transduction ; Smad2 Protein ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

There is controversy regarding the roles of Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum) colonization in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). This study explored the association between U. urealyticum and bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks post-menstrual age (BPD36). Studies published before December 31, 2013 were searched from Medline, Embase, Ovid, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases, with the terms "Ureaplasma urealyticum", "chronic lung disease", or "BPD36" used, and English language as a limit. The association between U. urealyticum colonization and BPD36 was analyzed with RevMan 4.2.10 software, using the odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) for dichotomous variables. Out of the enrolled 81 studies, 11 investigated the BPD36 in total 1193 infants. Pooled studies showed no association between U. urealyticum colonization and subsequent development of BPD36, with the OR and RR being 1.03 (95% CI=0.78-1.37; P=0.84) and 1.01 (95% CI= 0.88-1.16, P=0.84), respectively. These findings indicated no association between U. urealyticum colonization and the development of BPD36.

Objective Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and endoscopic breast conserving surgery (EBCS) has been developed as a potential means for treating breast tumors with minimal disruption to adjacent soft tissues.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cosmetic outcomes of RFA assisted by EBCS on patients with early breast carcinoma (T1 -2 N0-1 M0).Methods Twenty-three patients with biopsy proven invasive breast carcinoma ( ≤3 cm in diameter),were treated with ultrasound (US)guided percutaneous-RFA for the local tumors followed by sentinel lymph node biopsy and endoscopic auxiliary node dissection and lumpectomy.The reactions to breast cosmetics were observed and compared to the conventional approaches using the breast asymmetry score for EBCS and a self -assessment questionnaire targeting objective and subjective data about treatment related breast change.Results Twenty-three patients were successfully treated with RFA.Complete coagulation necrosis of the tumor was visualized at US and mammography in 22 of 23 patients (95.6 ％).22 patients being per formed RFA and EBCS presented little scars and the breasts preserved more cosmetically acceptable than the reported results of traditional protocols.Self-assessment acceptable rate was 100 ％,aesthetic outcome as good or excellent rated in 95.5 ％(21/22).Within the follow-up of above 36 months,there were no local recurrence,metastasis,wound infection or necrosis,nerve damage,haematoma,as well as upper limb swelling or lymphoedema,no reduced upper limb mobility and tumor seeding.Conclusions RFA with endoscopic breast conservation therapy for the treatment of early breast carcinoma is more effective and cosmetically acceptable than the traditional approaches.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive subtypes of breast cancer, accounting for about 15%-20% of all breast cancer patients. Its characteristics such as young age of onset, high risk of recurrence and visceral metastasis, and poor prognosis make it an urgent problem to be solved in clinical practice. With the rapid progress of genomics and proteomics, more and more potential therapeutic targets of TNBC have been identified, and the preliminary results show that these targets are promising to transform the treatment mode of TNBC in the future. This article reviews the clinical trials and applications of TNBC targeted drugs, as well as gives a brief introduction to nanomedicine.