Objective:To know about the prevalence of depression,anxiety,and suicidal behaviors among newly diagnosed HIV-positive men who have sex with men.Methods:A cross-sectional study with a consecutive sample was conducted in the HIV/AIDS Voluntary Counseling and Testing Clinic of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention.A standard set of questionnaires,namely,the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ9),Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7),and a self-designed suicidal behavior questionnaire were used to assess the subjects'emotional problems.Results:Among 321 newly diagnosed HIV-positive men who had sex with men,the positive rate of depression and anxiety were 41.1％ (132/321) and 31.5％ (101/321),respectively.The rate suicidal ideation after HIV diagnosis was 27.7％ (89/321).Individuals who were living with others,had HIV related clinical symptoms,higher HIV/AIDS related stress,and lower social support were more likely to have positive depressive symptoms.Individuals who were unmarried,had lower HIV/AIDS related stress,and lower social support were more likely to have positive anxiety.The prevalence of suicidal ideation after HIV diagnosis was higher among individuals who were unwilling to join in HIV/AIDS support groups,had HIV related clinical symptoms,higher HIV/AIDS related stress,lower social support,and both positive depression and anxiety symptoms.Conclusion:The prevalence of emotional problems is high among newly diagnosed HIV-positive men who have sex with men.It is warranted to promote mental health service for this vulnerable group.

Biomechanical Phenomena ; Electromyography ; Gait ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Walking

BACKGROUNDAdvances in catheter ablation procedures for the treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias have created the need to understand better the morphological and electrophysiological characteristics of the inferior nodal extension (INE) and transitional cellular band (TCB) in the atrioventricular (AV) junctional area.

METHODSFirstly, we observed the histological features of 10 rabbit AV junctional areas by serial sections under light microscopy. Then we recorded the action potentials (APs) of transitional cells (TCs) in the INE, TCBs, AV node, and ordinary right atrial myocytes from the AV junctional area of 30 rabbits using standard intracellular microeletrode techniques.

RESULTSUnder light microscopy, the INE appeared to be mostly composed of transitional cells linking upward to the AV node. Four smaller TCBs originated in the orifice of the coronary sinus, the region between the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve and the coronary sinus, the inferior wall of the left atrium, and the superior interatrial septum, respectively, all linking to the INE or the AV node. Compared with ordinary atrial myocytes, the AP of the TCs in both the INE and the TCBs had a spontaneous phase 4 depolarization (not present in ordinary atrial myocytes), with a less negative maximum diastolic potential, a smaller amplitude, a slower maximum velocity of AP upstroke, and a longer action potential duration at 50% repolarization (APD50) and at 30% repolarization (APD30). The AP characteristics of these TCs were similar to those of the AV node, except that the velocities of the phase 4 spontaneous depolarization were slower and their action potential durations at 90% repolarization (APD90) were shorter. Moreover, APD50 and APD30 of the TCs of the TCBs were shorter than in the case of TCs of the AV node.

CONCLUSIONSThe TCs of the INE and TCBs are similar to slow response automatic cells. They provide a substrate for slow pathway conduction. In addition, repolarization heterogeneity exists in the AV junctional area.

Action Potentials ; Animals ; Atrioventricular Node ; cytology ; physiology ; Female ; Male ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo explore the attitudes on suicide and their related factors among university students in Chongqing.

METHODSA total of 9808 students from 11 universities in Chongqing, were chosen under stratified cluster random sampling method and had completed a questionnaire survey through the Scale of Public Attitudes on Suicide(SPAS).

RESULTSData showed that the scores of university students having negative or neutral attitudes towards questions including "suicide is not preventable", "suicidal behavior is not controllable or is caused by outside forces" and "suicidal behavior can(or is used to)affect the behavior of others'" were 34.28±16.44, 35.64±19.14 and 36.94±16.05 respectively. The scores of students taking neutral attitude towards questions as:"similarity of attempted and completed suicide", "negative attitudes on the behavior or on the person him/her self", "positive aspects of suicide and positive feelings about suicides"were 47.38±22.01, 51.78±17.05 and 37.77±18.12 respectively but 70.77±17.21 went to the students who had agreed with "suicide is an important social/health problem". Factors as gender, nationality, religion, history of attempted suicide and suicide exposure to others appeared having had important effects on the attitude towards suicide among college students.

CONCLUSIONIt is necessary to consider above mentioned factors when developing related suicide crisis intervention strategy.

Adult ; Attitude ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Students ; psychology ; Suicide ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Universities

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Erzhi Pill (二至丸,EZP) on nerve cell apoptosis in senescence model rats.

METHODSThe rats model of senescence was established by peritoneal D-galactose injection combined with thymusectomy. Forty SD rats were randomized into four groups, the normal control group, the senescence model group, the EZP treated group, and the vitamins treated group, 10 in each group. The rats were made into senescence model except those in the normal group. In the same time of D-galactose injection, the rats were treated respectively with distilled water, EZP 4.32 g/kg, and vitamins E and C 0.06 g/kg daily for 6 weeks via intragastric infusion. The index of main viscera (as brain, testis, etc.), serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC) were measured after a 6-week treatment. Meanwhile, the cerebral cortex neuronal apoptosis proportion and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected by flow cytometry.

RESULTSBoth EZP and vitamins E and C treatments showed effects on increasing testis index and serum level of T-AOC, reducing the percentage of neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex, and elevating MMP in the aging rats model.

CONCLUSIONSEZP could inhibit the cerebral cortex neuron apoptosis and maintain the mitochondrial function in the senescent process of rats induced by peritoneal D-galactose injection combined with thymusectomy. It also shows antioxidation effect to some extents.

Aging ; blood ; drug effects ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cerebral Cortex ; cytology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; metabolism ; Neurons ; cytology ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood

OBJECTIVETo observe the analgesic effect of sinomenine on the neuropathic pain rat model induced by SSNI, and discuss its impact on monoamine neurotransmitters in striatal extracellular fluid.

METHODMale SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group, the SSNI model group, the gabapentin group (100 mg x kg(-1)), the sinomenine high dose group (40 mg x kg(-1)) and the sinomenine low dose group (20 mg x kg(-1)). Mechanical hyperalgesia and cold pain sensitivity were evaluated by Von Frey hairs and cold spray. Striatum was sampled by microdialysis. High performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD) were used to detect the content of such neurotransmitters as monoamine neurotransmitters noradrenaline (NE), dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT) and their metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic phenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA).

RESULTSSNI model rats showed significant improvement in mechanical withdrawal threshold and cold pain sensitivity, significant decrease in intracerebral NE and notable increase in DA, 5-HT and their metabolites. Compared with the model group, the sinomenine high dose group showed significant increase in mechanical withdrawal threshold at 60, 90, 180 and 240 min after abdominal administration (P < 0.01), significant decrease in cold pain sensitivity score during 30-240 min (P < 0.05). Sinomenine can significantly up-regulated NE content in striatal extracellular fluid during 45-135 min (P < 0.05), remarkably reduce DA content and DOPAC at 45, 75 and 135 min (P < 0.05), 5-HT content during 45-135 min, DOPAC during 75-165 min (P < 0.05), and 5-HIAA during 45-135 min (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSinomenine has the intervention effect on neuropathic pain in SSNI model rats. Its mechanism may be related to disorder of monoamine neurotransmitters in striatal extracellular fluid.

Analgesics ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Biogenic Monoamines ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Extracellular Fluid ; drug effects ; Male ; Morphinans ; pharmacology ; Neostriatum ; pathology ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sciatic Nerve ; drug effects ; injuries ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) by different medicating ways in patients with liver transplantation and to explore the methods for calculating the intravenous loading dosage of HBIG.

METHODSThe patients enrolled were randomized into three groups (i.v group, i.m group and domino group). Under the combined utilization with Lamivudine, HBIG was given in different ways during anhepatic phase and the postoperative six days. The physical examination was done, the serum conversion rate of HBsAg was studied, the serum level of HBsAb titer, WBC, PLT, AST, GGT, TBIL, DBIL, CR, PT and PTA were tested daily within the postoperative seven days. The preoperative body weight, serum HBsAg and HBeAg titer were analyzed with the intravenous loading dosage of HBIG by multiple-factor linear regression (Stepwise).

RESULTSBoth the average negative-conversion rate of serum HBsAg and the average increasing rate of serum HBsAb titer are significantly faster in i.v group and domino group than that in i.m group within the postoperative four days (P < 0.05). The regression equation to calculate the i.v loading dosage of HBIG (IU) by preoperative criteria was drawn as 1123 + 3.4 x serum HBsAg titer (IU/L) +73 x body weight (kg). There was no linear correlation found between the level of HBeAg and the loading dosage of HBIG. There were no significant difference in body temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, WBC, PLT, AST, GGT, TBIL, DBIL, CR, PT and PTA among the three groups within the postoperative seven days (P < 0.05). The rate of the second elevation of serum ALT was 10.3% (3/29), 3.4% (1/29) and 6.7% (2/30) in i.v group, i.m group and domino group, respectively (P < 0.05), and the rate of the local complications (sclerosis, edema, pain) at the injection site was 0, 89.6% (26/29) and 0, respectively (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSBased on the combined utilization of lamivudine and HBIG, the qualified intervention efficacy, less complications could be obtained by medicating HBIG in a domino way (i.v first, followed by i.m), which is worthy to be promoted.

Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Hepatitis B ; blood ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; methods ; Immunoglobulins ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Linear Models ; Liver Transplantation ; Secondary Prevention ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo retrospectively evaluate the clinical outcomes of liver transplantation for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSThe clinical data of 88 consecutive HCC patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation between 2002. 4 and 2004. 7 were retrospectively reviewed. HCC stage of those patients were defined according to the pTNM classification system of UICC. All patients were followed up for more than 12 months after liver transplantation. The recurrence and overall survival rate were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis with SAS software.

RESULTSThe cumulative 1-year recurrence rate of stage I, II, III and IV after liver transplantation was 0%, 4.8%, 40.0% and 71.3%, respectively (P < 0.01). The cumulative 1-year overall survival rate of stage I, II, III and IV was 100%, 95.2%, 71.5% and 41.7%, respectively (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONLiver transplantation may be suitable for stage I or II hepatocellular cancer patients and improve their prognosis, while it is not suitable for stage IV HCC patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic efficiency of ⁶⁸Gallium labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for staging the lymph node metastases (LNMs) in the prostate cancer.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A broad search of scientific databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Database, and Chinese Biomedicine Literature Database (updated prior to November 1st, 2018) was conducted systematically by two reviewers. In this paper, we evaluated the methodological quality of each included article independently and performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to reveal the summary of the diagnostic performance of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET and MRI in properly identifying LNMs of intermediate- and/or high-risk prostate cancer.RESULTS: Thirteen eligible articles comprising 1,597 patients were included. For LNMs detection, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET were 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49–0.79) and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.88–0.97), respectively, while the corresponding values of MRI were 0.41 (95% CI: 0.26–0.57) and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.86–0.95). The area under the symmetric receiver-operating characteristic (SROC) curve for ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET and MRI were 0.92 and 0.83, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: In intermediate- or high-risk pre-treatment prostate cancer, ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET had a higher sensitivity and a slightly different specificity in probing the LNMs when comparing with MRI. Moreover, the area under the SROC curve indicated that ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET was a more effective weapon for predicting the LNMs prior to radical surgery.

AIM:To evaluate the clinic efficacy of 1g/L anthocyanin eye-patch for mild and moderate dry eye. METHODS: ln this prospective and multicenter study, a total of 320 cases (640 eyes) with mild and moderate dry eye were enrolled from 8 Aier Eye Hospitals in Changsha, Chongqing, Wuhan and so on from October 2016 to April 2017. The patients were assigned to eye patch group (160 cases) and artificial tears group (160 cases) based on random number table. The patients in eye-patch group used 1g/L of anthocyanin eye-patch for more than 6h during night sleep, while the patients in artificial tears group used polyvinyl alcohol eye drops for 4 times per day. The evaluation of symptoms and signs were conducted on 1d before the treatment and 14d after the treatment. The evaluation of symptoms adopted the Ocular Surface Disease lndex ( OSDI), while the observation of signs included tear secretion test (Schirmer ︳ test, S︳t), first noninvasive tear breakup time (NITBUTf) as well as average noninvasive tear breakup time (NITBUTav) measured by Oculus ocular surface analyser. RESULTS: OSDI score, NITBUTf and NITBUTav in the two groups after treatment were significantly improved compared with that before treatment, and the difference had a statistical significance (P < 0. 05). While the difference of S︳t in the two groups before and after treatment had no statistical significance(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in OSDI score, NITBUTf, NITBUTav and S ︳ t between the two groups after treatment (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The 1g/L anthocyanin eye-patch has similar efficacy with artificial tears for mild and moderate dry eye, which can effectively improve the symptoms and tear film stability.