As traditional Chinese medicine components have become a hotspot in the field of traditional Chinese medicine study, they have followed a development trend of diversity and false identification. In studies on a new modem product, we shall encourage the diversified development mode, but avoid the false concept identification of traditional Chinese medicine components. In this paper, by analyzing the current development of traditional Chinese medicine components and problems, we discussed the standardization of traditional Chinese medicine components, with the aim of reducing and avoiding the situations to study non-traditional Chinese medicine components as traditional Chinese medicine components.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; standards ; Reference Standards

To prepare salvianolic acid phospholipid compound. With the compound of salvianolic acids and soybean phospholipid as the index, mono-factor experiment and orthogonal design experiment were conducted to screen its technical parameters. According to the results, the optimal preparation conditions of salvianolic acid phospholipid compound were that THF were taken as the reaction solvent, the concentration time was 3 h, the reactant concentration was 5 g x L(-1), the mass ratio of salvianolic acids and phospholipid was 1: 1.5, and the reaction temperature was 40 degrees C. The oil/water partition coefficient of the prepared salvianolic acid phospholipid compound significant increased in water and buffers with different pH values. The results of phase analysis such as DSC, XRD and FTIR indicated that salvianolic acids existed in phospholipid in an amorphous state.
Alkenes ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Intestinal Absorption ; Phospholipids ; chemistry ; Polyphenols ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Soybeans ; chemistry ; Temperature

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Ethylene Dichlorides ; poisoning ; Female ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Poisoning ; drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)-induced sodium dodecyl sulfate/dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (SDS/DTAB) catanionic surfactant coacervate extraction method coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect the migration of phthalates from disposable tablewares to drinking water. The concentration factors are larger than 82 and extraction recoveries over 53%for water samples spiked with 100 or 200 ng/mL phthalates. Limit of detection is in the range of 1.0–2.6 ng/mL. Good linearity with correlation coefficients larger than 0.9985 is obtained in the concentration of 20–1500 or 40–3000 ng/mL. Relative recoveries are from 82.4%to 123.6%for water samples spiked with 30/60, 250/500, and 1500/3000 ng/mL phthalates, respectively. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) are 0.4%–7.4% for intraday precision (n ? 5) and 0.6%–7.8% for interday precision (n ? 3). Four of studied phthalates are found in the drinking water samples prepared from four kinds of tablewares.

Astragalus polysaccharides was lounded to 4-(2-aminoethylphenol), followed by labeling the APS-Tyr with fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate (FITC) at the secondary amino group. The absorption enhancement effects of low molecular weight chitosan and protamine on astragalus polysaccharides were evaluated via Caco-2 cell culture model. The results show that the fluorecent labeling compound has good stability and high sensitivity. On the other hand low molecular weight chitosan and protamine also can promoted absorption of the astragalus polysaccharides without any cytotoxity, and the absorption increase was more significant with increasing the amount of low molecular weight chitosan and protamine. At the same time, the low molecular weight chitosan has slightly better effect. The transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) of Caco-2 cells show that absorption enhancers could improve its membrane transport permeability by opening tight junctions between cells and increasing the cell membrane fluidity.
Absorption ; Astragalus Plant ; chemistry ; Biological Transport ; Caco-2 Cells ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate ; chemistry ; Fluorescent Dyes ; chemistry ; Humans ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil made in China for treating hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B patients.Methods This was a multicenter,double-blinded,randomized controlled trial.Two hundred and thirty-eight patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B were assigned to receive either adefovir dipivoxil(10 mg/d,120 patients)or placebo(118 patients)for 12 weeks in 5 medical centers in China.Then,both groups of patients entered 36 weeks open-labeled adefovir dipivoxil treatment phase(10 mg/d),The rates of serum HBV DNA clearances,alanine aminotransferase levels(ALT)normalization,HBeAg loss and anti-HBe seroconversion were evaluated respectively during and post the 48-week treatment.Results After 12 weeks of treatment,the rates of serum HBV DNA clearance(real-time fluorescent quanti- tative polymerase chain reaction,the detection limit was 1?10~4 copy per milliliter),ALT normaliza- tion,HBeAg loss and anti-HBe seroconversion of adefovir dipivoxil group were all significantly higher than those of placebo group(50.0% vs 5.1%,35.0% vs 8.5%,12.5% vs 2.5% and 5.8% vs 0, respectively,x~2=59.89,24.52,P0.05).The safety profile of adefovir dipivoxil was similar to that of placebo. Conclusions The safety profile and efficacy of domestic adefovir dipivoxil for treating HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients are similar to its counterparts that have been licensed aboard.

To analyze and compare the protective effects of active components in different ethyl acetate extracts (EAEEPs) from Eclipta prostrate, in order to study the comparison of materials bases protecting normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells. The MTT assay was taken to compare the protective effect of different EAEEPs on cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) -induced NHBE cells. The ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was applied to analyze the content of phenolic acid, coumaric grass ether and flavonoid in EAEEPs. According to the results, all of the eight EAEEPs (0-200 mg x L(-1)) showed certain protective effect on NHBE cells, with statistical difference. Specifically, the total mass of EAEEP VII (89.15 mg x L(-1)) and EAEEP VIII (57.44 mg x L(-1)), which showed the strongest activity, was not the highest, while EAEEP III (132.25 mg x L(-1)) displayed the highest total mass. In the combination with the "component structure" theory, the analysis showed a significant difference in the mass structure among phenolic acid, coumaric grass ether and flavonoid in EAEEP VIII and EAEEP VIII, which were 1.0: 1. 0: 0.5 and 1.0: 1.9: 0.8, respectively. The results suggested a specific optimal "component structure" relationship may exist in EAEEP, which could provide reference for the material base study and quality control.
Bronchi ; cytology ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Eclipta ; chemistry ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Humans ; Protective Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; adverse effects

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is a complex system, featured with integrity and characteristics. Structural component TCM is a well-organized integrity of traditional Chinese medicine, reflecting multi-component integration effect of TCM. It gives us a new view on the material basis of TCM. Currently, conventional researching strategies are not enough to deal with the relationship between material basis and efficacy, multi-composition, multi-targets, and multi-section mechanism. Post-genome area gives a birth to bioinformatics, which involves systematic biology, different levels of omics, corresponding mathematics and computer techniques. It increasingly becomes a powerful tool to understand complicated system and life essential laws. Research ideas, methods. and knowledge of data mining technology of bioinformatics combined with the theory of structural components of Chinese medicine bring a new opportunity for developing structural components of Chinese medicine, systematically exploring the essence of TCM and promoting the modernization of TCM.
Animals ; Biomedical Research ; Computational Biology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans

In this study, OVA-induced asthma mice was taken as the model, and orally administered with different concentration of ethanol extracts of crude and processed Stemona tuberosa, in order to determine the cytokine level released from Th1 and Th2 in splenocytes. RT-PCR was carried out to determine the genetic expression of T-bet/GATA-3 in lung, and compare the differentiation between ethanol extracts of crude and processed S. tuberosa in therapeutic effect on asthma in mice. According to the results, compared with the crude samples, processed samples significantly increased the levels of inflammatory factor INF-gamma (P < 0.05) and decreased IL-5 (P < 0.05) in splenocytes. According to the RT-PCR results, the administration of processed samples could increase the ratio of T-bet/GATA-3 (P < 0.05). The experiment showed that ethanol extracts of both crude and processed S. tuberosa could treat asthma by regulating Th1/Th2 ratio, but processed samples showed more notable effect. This indicated that crude and processed S. tuberosa had significant pharmacological difference. Therefore, it was more rational to apply processed S. tuberosa in clinical treatment of asthma and chronic cough, which layed a foundation for further revealing the processing mechanism of S. tuberosa.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; immunology ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; GATA3 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Stemonaceae ; chemistry ; T-Box Domain Proteins ; metabolism ; Th1 Cells ; drug effects ; secretion ; Th2 Cells ; drug effects ; secretion

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) composition is a multi-component multiple drug release system and more components preparation system. How to evaluate the drug release behavior of diversification has been a block for the modernization of TCM. This article through to study of more representative components of ginkgolides drug release and similarity analysis of more representative components of ginkgolides drug release behavior and use Weight coefficient method to integrate the multicomponent drug release curve. So it can provide the idea and method for drug evaluation of TCM component preparation.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Ginkgolides ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Solubility