Purpose:To evaluate the curative effects and side effects of 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) in the treatment of liver carcinoma.Methods:56 patients with liver carcinoma (Forty three patients were primary hepatic carcinoma and 13 liver metastatic tumors) with 62 lesions were treated with 3DCRT for 30～45 Gy/5～10 f/1～2 weeks with fractionated doses ranging from 4Gy to 8Gy.Results:In the 1～3 months after 3DCRT the results examined by CT or MRI showed that the 62 lesions(56 patients) had CR 24% (15/62),PR 50%(31/62),NC 16% (10/62) and PD 10% (6/62).The overall response rate (CR+PR) was 74%.Conclusions:3DCRT is an effective and safe treatment for hepatic malignant tumor and it can be tolerated by most of the patients.The immediate response of tumor is encouraging. The survival rate and late complications remain to be observed.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of male infertility with single nucleotide polymorphisms of the autosomal DAZL gene.

METHODSSemen samples were collected from infertile men (infertility group, n=144) and healthy fathers (fertility group, n=53) in the northeast of China, and the former was further divided into 5 subgroups according to the WHO diagnostic criteria for oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (1999) i.e., oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, oligoasthenozoospermia, asthenoteratozoospermia, asthenozoospermia and non-oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. PCR-RFLP analysis was used to detect the polymorphism of SNP260. The SNP386 polymorphism of the DAZL gene was analysed with a PCR-SSCP based method. Sequencing and statistical analyses were performed.

RESULTSThe SNP260 polymorphism of the DAZL gene was found in both the infertility and the control groups, with no significant difference in between (P > 0.05). There was a larger percentage of SNP260AG in the subgroup of oligoasthenoteratozoospermia than in others, and the SNP386 polymorphism of the DAZL gene was not found in any of the subgroups.

CONCLUSIONThe SNP260 and SNP386 polymorphisms of the DAZL gene are not associated with male infertility in the northeast of China. Further research needs to be done to clarify the association between SNP260AG and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. SNP386 polymorphism may be restricted in some small area in Taiwan only. Therefore neither of them can be used as a molecular marker for the genetic diagnosis of male infertility in the northeast of China.

Adult ; Base Sequence ; China ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; genetics ; Male ; Oligospermia ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Taiwan

Biomacromolecules play an important role in the treatment of many diseases, but as a result of cell membrane serving as the natural barriers, only the small molecular compounds whose molecular weights are smaller than 600 Da can get through cell membrane and enter the cell. In recent years, some short peptides (the length less than 30 amino acids) are found to have the cell-penetrating function, called cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). They are able to effectively translocate segments of protein, polypeptides, nucleic acid into the cells of many mammal animals with many methods. They have high transduction efficiency and will not lead to cell damage. So, the discovery of CPPs has a very good applicable prospect in such research fields as cell-biology, gene-therapy, drug transduction in vivo, evaluation of clinical medicine and medical immunology. This paper reviews the types and characteristics of CPPs, internalization mechanisms, applications, and their existing problems.
Absorption ; drug effects ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Cell-Penetrating Peptides ; classification ; pharmacology ; physiology ; Drug Carriers ; Endocytosis ; physiology ; Humans ; Protein Transport

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of viral infections and putative association of viral infection with illness severity in young children with severe lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in Chongqing.

METHODRespiratory secretion specimens were collected from 119 hospitalized patients with severe pneumonia from December 2006 to March 2008.After being processed, the samples were detected for respiratory viruses including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human bocavirus (HBoV), parainfluenza virus 1, 2, 3 (PIV 1, 2, 3), influenza virus A and B (IVA and IVB) either by PCR or RT-PCR. Clinical data were analyzed along with virological data by using appropriate statistical methods.

RESULTViral pathogens were identified in specimens of 86 (72.3%) cases, among which RSV was detected in 49 (41.2%) patients. More than one virus was detected in 23 individual (26.7%) samples, of which 19 were dual positive for RSV and another virus. Bacterial cultures were performed for 69 patients. Both bacterial and viral pathogens were identified in 53 (76.8%) patients. Bacterial and viral coinfection was demonstrated in samples from 41 (59.4%) cases.

CONCLUSIONViral pathogens are the main etiology of severe pneumonia in young children in Chongqing area during the study period. RSV was the most frequent viral pathogens, followed by ADV and hMPV. Coinfection with respiratory common viruses was relatively common, though co-infection with viruses did not appear to aggravate the patients' condition.

Adenoviridae ; isolation & purification ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Human bocavirus ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Influenza A virus ; isolation & purification ; Metapneumovirus ; isolation & purification ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; microbiology ; virology ; Pneumonia, Viral ; microbiology ; virology ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; isolation & purification ; Virus Diseases ; virology

OBJECTIVETo assess the effects of treatment of Amanita mushroom poisoning with Glossy anoderma Decoction (, GGD).

METHODSTwelve patients with acute Amanita mushroom poisoning received conventional treatment (penicillin and reduced glutathione) combined with oral administration of GGD (treated group), which was prepared out of 200 g Glossy ganoderma decocted in water to 600 mL, and 200 ml was given once, three times a day for 7 successive days; while conventional treatment alone was given to the other 11 patients assigned to the control group. The therapeutic efficacy and changes in serum levels of total bilirubin (TBil), bile acids (BA), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities in the two groups were compared.

RESULTSThe cured-markedly effective rate in the treated group was more significant than that in the control group (P<0.01). Elevation in TBil, BA, ALT, and AST activities were observed in both groups 3 days after poisoning, which progressively increased thereafter in the control group. In the treated group, they reached their peak on the 3rd day and then declined gradually. The differences between pre-treatment and post-treatment in both groups were obviously significant (P<0.01), so were the differences between the two groups at corresponding time points (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONGGD shows excellent clinical efficacy in the treatment of acute Amanita mushroom poisoning and can reduce mortality significantly.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Amanita ; Bile Acids and Salts ; blood ; Child ; Female ; Ganoderma ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Mushroom Poisoning ; blood ; drug therapy ; mortality

OBJECTIVETo analyze and identify the chemical constituents in rat brain tissues after oral administration of Chuanxiong Rhizoma extracts.

METHODThe dosed and blank rat brain tissues were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Different peaks were observed in total ion chromatograms and then identified according to their retention time, accurate mass weight, MS and MS/MS data.

RESULTAfter oral administration of Chuanxiong Rhizoma extracts, 3 compounds were absorbed into rat brain tissues through BBB. They were identified as senkyunolide I, senkyunolide A and ligustilide.

CONCLUSIONThe study is helpful for interpreting effective substance of Ligusticum chuanxiong.

Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Humans ; Ligusticum ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhizome ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIIC) on the postoperative metastatic rate and survival rate of advanced gastric cancer (AGC).

METHODSIn HIIC group, patients received HIIC (mitomycin C 30 mg and cisplatin 100 mg were added into 2000 ml distilled water, heated to 42 approximately 45 degrees C, perfused to abdominal cavity for 30 min and then sucked) and intravenous chemotherapy after operation (5- FU 10 approximately 15 mg/kg, mitomycin C 0.1 approximately 0.15 mg/kg, adriamycin 0.5 approximately 1 mg/kg i.v drip, once a week for 2 approximately 3 weeks). In control group, patients received intravenous chemotherapy only. The postoperative metastatic rate and survival rate (1- , 3- and 5- year) of patients were compared between 92 cases of AGC undergone HIIC and 120 cases of AGC without HIIC (control group).

RESULTSThe peritoneal recurrence rates after operations occurred within two years were 14.1% and 37.5% in HIIC group and control group respectively (P < 0.01). The 1- , 3- , and 5- year survival rates in HIIC group were 98.9%, 68.5%, and 52.2% and in control group 95.0%, 56.7% and 37.5% respectively. The 3- , and 5- year survival rates were significantly different between the two the groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHIIC can kill isolated intraperitoneal cancer cells, reduce peritoneal recurrence rate after operations, raise significantly survival rate of patient, and improve the prognosis of AGC.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Intraoperative Period ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitomycin ; administration & dosage ; Oxonic Acid ; administration & dosage ; Stomach Neoplasms ; therapy ; Young Adult

Many governments have actively encouraged the development of drug for rare diseases.In recent years, a series of policies has been pub-lished to encourage the research of rare diseases in china , and there are a large number of orphan drugs to apply for clinical trials or approval appli-cations now.This article summarizes the basic questions of clinical re-view in application of drugs for rare diseases , which will provide some references for the research of drugs for rare diseases .

This study was to investigate the changes of autonomic nerve function and hemodynamics in patients with vasovagal syncope (VVS) during head-up tilt-table testing (HUT).HUT was performed in 68 patients with unexplained syncope and 18 healthy subjects served as control group.According to whether bradycardia,hypotension or both took place during the onset of syncope,the patients were divided during the test into three subgroups:vasodepressor syncope (VD),cardioinhibitory syncope (CI) and mixed syncope (MX) subgroups.Heart rate,blood pressure,heart rate variability (HRV),and deceleration capacity (DC) were continuously analyzed during HUT.For all the subjects with positive responses,the normalized low frequency (LFn) and the LF/HF ratio markedly decreased whereas normalized high frequency (HFn) increased when syncope occurred.Syncopal period also caused more significant increase in the power of the DC in positive groups.These changes were more exaggerated compared to controls.All the patients were indicative of a sympathetic surge in the presence of withdrawal vagal activity before syncope and a sympathetic inhibition with a vagal predominance at the syncopal stage by the frequency-domain analysis of HRV.With the measurements ofDC,a decreased vagal tone before syncope stage and a vagal activation at the syncopal stage were observed.The vagal tone was higher in subjects showing cardioinhibitory responses at the syncopal stage.DC may provide an alternative method to understand the autonomic profile of VVS patients.

Objective To understand the biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA genetic sequence evolution of strains isolated from diarrhea specimens so as to provide basis for classification and identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methods Specimens were cultured using MacConkey and SS medium. All isolates were identified as K. pneumoniae by automated biochemical tests. DNA was extracted, 1500 bp fragments of the 16S rDNA gene were by amplified PCR and sequenced with K. pneumoniae 16S rDNA primer, after being cut. Fragments of 1000 bp overlapping sequences were analyzed by Blastn to confirm the identity of the isolates. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by PHYLIP process to analyze the 16S rDNA sequence of the isolated strain with other relative bacteria species in the GenBank databases. Results Among 113 specimens of infectious diarrhea, 25 K. pneumoniae strains were identified by biochemical tests, of which 21 subsp, pneumoniae and 4 subsp, ozaenae, no subsp, of rhinoseleroma were isolated. Strains of subsp, pneumoniae were found having nature of resistance. All isolates were resistant to penicillin G and susceptible to polymyxin with some strains were resistant to Nitrofurantoin, Cephalothin, Kanamycin, Tobramycin. After searching in GenBank of 16S rDNA, strains biochemical identified as subsp, ozaenae shared high similarity with Salmonella strains and other intestinal bacteria. 16S rDNA phylogenetie analysis could be used to confirm subsp, pneumoniae, but could not separate other subspecies of K. pneumoniae completely. Conclusion 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis useful in identifying and classifying K. pneumoniae.