Humans ; Hypersensitivity

Humans ; Penicillins ; adverse effects ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Skin Tests ; classification ; methods ; standards

Asthma ; prevention & control ; Child ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; prevention & control

Animals ; Apoptosis ; genetics ; immunology ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome ; genetics ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Mutation ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology

Epilepsy is a common nervous system disease,with a morbidity of 4.8‰-11.2‰,so there has been about 50 million patients globally.Drug treatment is a major mean to treat epileptic patients.Recently,researches illustrated that cellular immunity disorder and humoral immunity disorder were coexist in epleptic patients,but there was no consensus on whether it was induced by anti-epileptic drugs(AEDs) or epilepsy itself up to now.This article is aimed to explain the impact of AEDs on immunity through review recent literature internal and abroad.

Calcineurin ; metabolism ; Cardiovascular System ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Humans ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

Cephalosporins ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Penicillins ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Skin Tests

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and analyze the problems in information for children existing in package inserts of medications commonly used in pediatrics in 15 hospitals and try to establish a template and provide reference for standardizing package inserts of medications in China. METHODS: The method of text analysis and literature survey were used. Information for children in the package inserts were collected, analyzed and evaluated according to Guidance for Industry and Review Staff; Pediatric Information Incorporated Into Human Prescription Drug and Biological Products Labeling (Draft) issued by U.S. FDA and other references. RESULTS: In 660 package inserts of 338 medications, 8.0%, 56.9%, 16.4%, 11.7% and 45.8% contained the information on children's indications, dosages and administrations, adverse drug reactions, contraindications and precautions, respectively, while only 2.3% had information of pediatric clinical trials or children's pharmacokinetic data CONCLUSION: The current information for Children in package inserts are insufficient and lack of standards, so further management should be strengthened to improve the situation.

Objective To explore the effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen (Mtb-Ag) on neutrophils apoptosis.Methods The fresh isolated neutrophils from healthy adults blood were cultured with Mtb-Ag for 24 h,with or without pretreatment of nuclear factor -?B (NF-?B) inhibitor N-tosyl-L-phenylanyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) for 30 minutes.Annexin V staining and Flow cytometry were used to measure cell apoptosis of neutrophils.NF-?B DNA binding was measured by gelelectrophorestic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in neutrophils after incubated with Mtb-Ag for 0,1,2,4,6,24 hours.Results Comparing to the spontaneous apoptosis (55%?6%) of neutrophils after culture in vitro for 24 h,treatment of Mtb-Ag (1.125 mg/ml) decreased the cell apoptosis of neutrophils (32%?3%).The NF-?B shift bands were detected at 1 h in neutrophils after stimulated by Mtb-Ag,and reached maximum peak at 2 hours,and then returned to basal levels within 24 h.Pretreatment of TPCK inhibited the anti-apoptosis role of Mtb-Ag in neutrophils.Conclusion Mtb-Ag prevents neutrophils apoptosis and its inhibitory role concerns NF-?B pathway.

Objective: To observe the influence of electroacupuncture with different frequencies on rats swimming endurance and sift out the optimal frequency parameter.Methods: Wistar rats were randomly allocated to control group, non-acupoint group and electroacupuncture with low frequency group (EA with 2 Hz group), electroacupuncture with medium frequency group (EA with 15 Hz group), and electroacupuncture with high frequency group (EA with 100 Hz group), acupoints Zusanli (ST 36) and Taichong (LR 3) were punctured and rats load swimming time was used as an index, and the change of swimming endurance time before and after acupuncture was observed. Results: After electro-acupuncture, swimming time was increased in 15 Hz and 100 Hz groups respectively, with the significant differences between before and after acupuncture (P＜0.05). There was also a significant difference in the percentage of increase in swimming time between 15 Hz group and other groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion: It is suggested that electroacupuncture at acupoints Zusanli (ST 36) and Taichong (LR 3) with a frequency of 15 Hz could enhance rats's swimming endurance, and 15 Hz might be an optimal frequency parameter during the electrical stimulation.