Objective The clinical effects of acupuncture and massaging abdomen with salt the treatment of simple obesity was observed. Methods: Eighty cases were randomized into two groups: treatment group in which 40 cases were treated by acupuncture and massaging abdomen with salt and control group in which another 40 cases were treated by conventional acupuncture. Their effects were observed and compared. Results: The clinical cure rate and marked effective rate in treatment group were significantly higher than in control group (P＜0.01). Conclusion: The clinical effects in the treatment group are much better than those in the control group.

AlM: To investigate the effect of exogenous peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γcoactivator-1α ( PGC-1α) on vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) expression in human retinal vascular endothelial cells ( HRVEC) .METHODS:Recombinant PGC-1α protein was added to HRVEC, and no recombinant PGC-1α protein was added to HRVEC as control group. After 24h of incubation, two groups of cells were then placed into a normoxic ( 20%O2 ) or hypoxic ( 1% O2 ) environment for another 16h. The expression of VEGF mRNA and protein were detected by real - time PCR, ELlSA and immunofluorescence cytochemistry.RESULTS: VEGF mRNA and protein levels in the cells were significantly increased by recombinant PGC - 1αprotein both under normoxia and hypoxia conditions as compared with control groups (P<0. 01).CONCLUSlON: PGC-1α can upregulate the expression of VEGF in HRVEC under normoxia and hypoxia conditions.

Objective To investigate the effects of different duration of sevoflurane anesthesia in the neonatal period on the long?term cognitive function and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in rats. Methods Twenty?four pathogen?free healthy Sprague?Dawley rats of both sexes, aged 7 days, weighing 12-16 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table: control group ( group C) , sevoflu?rane anesthesia for 2 h group ( group S1 ) , and sevoflurane anesthesia for 6 h group ( group S2 ) . Group S1 and group S2 inhaled 2% sevoflurane for 2 and 6 h, respectively. Morris water maze test was performed at 30 days after the end of anesthesia ( postnatal day 37) to assess the cognitive function. After the end of the test, the rats were sacrificed, and hippocampi were isolated for determination of the expression of brain?de?rived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF) , postsynaptic density?95 ( PSD?95) and synapsin 1 in hippocampal tis?sues by Western blot. Results Compared with group C, the escape latency on 4th and 5th days of the test in group S1 and on 2nd-5th days of the test in group S2 was significantly prolonged, and the frequency of crossing the original platform was significantly decreased, and the time of staying at the platform quadrant was significantly shortened in S1 and S2 groups, the expression of BDNF, PSD?95 and synapsin 1 in hipp?ocampal tissues was significantly down?regulated in group S2 (P<0?05), and no significant change was found in the expression of BDNF, PSD?95 and synapsin 1 in hippocampal tissues in group S1 ( P>0?05) . Compared with group S1 , no significant change was found in the escape latency and frequency of crossing
the original platform (P>0?05), the time of staying at the platform quadrant was significantly shortened, and the expression of BDNF, PSD?95 and synapsin 1 in hippocampal tissues was significantly down?regula?ted in group S2 ( P<0?05) . Conclusion Short?time and long?time sevoflurane anesthesia both can induce long?term cognitive dysfunction in the neonatal period, and the severity is aggravated with prolonged anes?thesia; the partial mechanism is related to inhibition of the synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons of rats.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of bend-assisted laparoseopie fight bemicolectomy for right colon carcinoma in elderly obesity patients. Methods 20 obesity eases undergoing hand-assisted laparoscopic right bemicolectomy were retrospectively reviewed, and compared with 25 obesity cases with transabdominal right hemicolectomy in the same period. The safety, recovery, eradication and stress reaction were compared. Results In hand-assisted laparoscopic group, there were less bleeding loss, rapid recovery to normal temperature and gastrointestinal function,ont of bed activity, short-time hospitalization compared with transabdominal group(P <0.01). There were no differences in operative time, numbers of lymph nodes removed, postoperative complications and length of specimen between two gronps(P > 0.05). CRP, IL-6, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol were more significantly increased in two groups after operation than before operation (P < 0. 05) , and this increase was moreprominent in transabdominal group than in hand-assisted laparoacopic group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Hand-assis-ted laparoscopic right hemicolectomy is a safe and effective way for elderly obesity patients,especially in postoperative recovery and physical stress reaction.

Objective To observe inhibiting effect of endostatin on subcutaneous transplant tumor of breast carcinoma, and to illuminate the therapeutic effect of endostatin in the cancer. Methods The effect of en-dostatin on MCF-7 cell proliferation was studied by MTr. The model of MCF-7 cell transplant tumor on nude mice was constructed. Endostatin was injected intradermally around the transplant tumor. Inhibition effect on the tumor was observed. Results Endostatin with the concentration of 10 μ/mL and 15 μg/mL can inhibitMCF-7 cell proliferation effectively (P < 0. 05 ). After endostatin injection, tumor weight, volume and mi-crovessel density decreased significantly(P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Endostatin can inhibit breast carcinoma proliferation through inhibiting angiogenesis and the tumor cell itself.

AIM: To screen the lentiviral vector carrying siRNA with higher efficiency of suppressing the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1P2) gene expression in the primarily cultured corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).METHODS: SHR and SD rats (n=5 each) were used for primarily culturing corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells.The cells were randomly divided into 6 groups: SHR siRNA-1, SHR siRNA-2, SHR siRNA-3, SHR GFP, SHR control (SHR non-transfection group), and SD control (SD rat control group).Each group had 5 samples with 1.0×105 cells of each sample.At 72 h after transfection (MOI=60) with lentiviral vectors carrying S1P2 siRNA into the SHR corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells, the expression of GFP was observed under fluorescence microscope.The protein expression of S1P2, ROCK1, ROCK2 and eNOS in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells, and the mRNA expression of S1P2, ROCK1 and ROCK2 were determined by by Western blot and RT-PCR.RESULTS: The transfection efficiency of the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells in SHR siRNA-1, SHR siRNA-2, SHR siRNA-3 and SHR GFP groups were>80%.Compared with SHR control group, the mRNA levels and the protein expression of S1P2, ROCK1 and ROCK2 in SHR GFP group showed no remarkable changes, while those in SHR siRNA-1, SHR siRNA-2, SHR siRNA-3 and SD control groups were significantly lower than those in SHR control group (P<0.05).The protein expression of eNOS in SHR siRNA-1, SHR siRNA-2, SHR siRNA-3 and SHR GFP groups were not significantly changed as compared with SHR control group, but that in SD control group was significantly higher than that in SHR control group.CONCLUSION: Three groups of siRNA lentiviral vectors targeting S1P2 inhibit the expression of S1P2 in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells of SHR, and by silencing the S1P2 expression, the expression of ROCK1 and ROCK2 is inhibited.Among them, siRNA-1 has the highest inhibitory efficiency.

BackgroundHypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α) specific double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) mediated by liposome inhibit reinal neovascularization in mice at dose-dependent manner. ObjectiveThe present study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of dsRNA targeting HIF-1α on retinal neovascularization in mice.MethodsModels of oxygen-induced retinal neovascularization were set up in C57BL/6J mouse through exposure of postnatal day 7 ( P7 ) to (75±3) ％ oxygen for 5 days.Fluorescein conjugated Dextran angiography of retinal vascular was performed to identify the retinal neovascularization.The 8 mice of the normal group were raised in the room air.Fifty-one P7 mice exposed to(75±3)％ oxygen for 5 days and then returned to the room air and assigned to control group ( 3 mice),empty vector group( 3 mice) and gene therapy group (45 mice),and the latter were medially divided to 9 groups randomly according to dose-ratio ( liposomes ∶ plasmid).The pSilencer 2.1-U6 hygro was injected in the model mice of empty vector group,and different dose-ratios of pSilencer2.1-U6 hygro-HIF-1α dsRNA were injected respectively in the model mice of various gene therapy groups.Fluorescein conjugated Dextran angiography of retinal vascular was performed to observe the morphology of new blood vessels,and retinal slides were prepared to score the numbers of nuclei extending beyond the inner limiting membrane( ILM ),and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) was detected in the retina by immunohistochemistry.Results The retinal blood vessels of the normal group formed a fined radial branching pattern.The retinal vascular patterns in the control group and the empty vector group were characterized by decreased central perfusion in both the superficial and the deep layers.The abundant vessels were distorted and irregular in the control group and empty vector group,and the obstructed capillary and lots of neovascular tufts were seen.The retinal neovascularization and non-perfusion distraction in the every gene therapy group were reduced markedly with the most severe appearance in 1 ∶ 1 ( liposomes ∶ plasmid) dose-ratio group.Few vascular endothelial cell nucleus extending beyond the ILM were found in the normal group;while a large number of vascular endothelial cell nucleus were showed in the control group and empty vector group with the occurring rate 100％.Statistically,no significant difference was seen in the number of nuclei extending beyond the ILM between the control group and the empty vector group(11.57±5.85 vs 11.53±6.15),however,that in 1∶1 (liposomes∶plasmid) group was reduced markedly ( 2.17 ± 4.23 ) ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Immunohistochemistry revealed that VEGF was faintly expressed in the normal group but strongly expressed in the control group and the gene therapy group.VEGF expressions of various gene therapy groups were weaker than ones of the control group and the empty vector group.ConclusionsRetinal neovascularization can be efficiently inhibited by intravitreal injection of the pSilencer2.1-U6 hygro-HIF-1α dsRNA mediated by liposome.Proportion of 1 ∶ 1 (liposomes ∶ plasmid)has a maximized efficiency.

Objective To investigate the analgesic efficacy and spinal neurotoxicity of intrathecal (IT) different doses of dexmedetomidine in rats. Methods Sixty male SD rats weighing 180-220 g were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 12 each): groupnormal control (group C); group IT normal saline (group N); different doses of dexmedetomidine groups received IT dexmedetomidine 0.75, 1.50 and 3.00 μg/kg respectively (groups D1.3). Paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation (PWMT)with yon Frey filaments and tail flick latency (TFL) to a thermal nociceptive stimulus were measured before (To, baseline) and at 30 or60 rin after IT dexmedetomidine or normal saline administration (T1, T2 ) and the percentage of the maximum possible effect ( MPE ) was calculated. Lumbar segment of the spinal cord ( L4-6 ) was removed for microscopic examination and determination of c-Fos expression (by immuno-histochemistry) at 7, 24 and 48 h after IT dexmedetomidine or normal saline administration. Results PWMT, TFL and the percentage of MPE were significantly increased after IT dexmedetomidine as compared with the baseline values at T0 in groups D1-3 ( P ＜ 0.05). PWMT was significantly higher at T1 and TFL and the percentage of MPE were higher at T2 in groups D1-3 than in groups C and N,and in group D3 than in groups D1,2 ( P ＜ 0.05). At 7,24 h after IT dexmedetomidine c-Fos protein expression was significantly higher in group D3 than in groups C and N( P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in c-Fos expression at 48 h after IT dexmedetomidine between group D3 and groups C and N ( P ＞ 0.05 ). At 24 h after IT dexmedetomidine c-Fos protein expression was significantly higher in group D3 than in other 4 groups( P ＜ 0.05). Slight spinal cord injury was observed at 24 h after IT dexmedetomidine in group D3. Conclusion IT dexmedetomidine has antinociceptive effect. High dose dexmedetomidine IT can produce transient reversible toxicity to the spinal cord.

Background One of the difficulties in identifying early glaucoma is the variability of perimetry performance.For this reason,a field defect have to be reproduced more than two consecutive examinations before it is confirmed.The relationship between visual field sensitivity and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness may give us a more efficient and objective assessment to the early diagnosis of glaucoma.Objective This diagnostic test was to evaluate the application of functional-structural relationship between automated perimetry and RNFL in the early diagnosis of open-angle glaucoma.Methods Sixty-four eyes of 64 patients with early open-angle glaucoma and 50 eyes of 50 normal volunteers with the matched age and gender were enrolled in Xiangya Hospital January to June 2007.Visual field examinations,including standard automated perimetry (SAP),short wave automated perimetry (SWAP),and imaging of scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation(GDxVCC),were performed on the subjects with the informed consent.The sensitivity and specificity of the joint or single measurement of GDxVCC,SAP and SWAP under the local diagnostic criteria,and overall diagnostic criteria were calculated.Results According to the overall diagnostic criteria,the sensitivity of GDxVCC,SWAP and SAP were 70％,63％,61％ respectively,and the specificity were 84％,80％,78％,respectively.According to the local diagnostic criteria,the sensitivity of GDxVCC,SWAP and SAP were 78％,86％,78％,respectively,and the specificity were 54％,40％,50％,respectively.With the local diagnostic criteria,the sensitivity and specificity of serial test of GDxVCC,SWAP and SAP were 86％ and 90％ respectively,and the positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 8.59 and O.16,respectively.Conclusions The functional-structural relationship between automated perimetry and RNFL which can provide valuable individual diagnostic information for patients,and serial test of GDxVCC,SWAP and SAP can reduce the false positive rate and improve the diagnostic performance significantly.

Objective To investigate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV 1)specific CD8'T cell responses and related human leukocyte antigenⅠ(HLA-I)restriction sites.Methods Four Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)strains-transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCL)from periph eral blood monocytes (PBMC)of 4 healthy individuals were established.Using synthesized peptides in HIV-1 Gag,Vif and Nef regions as epitopes and using BLCL as antigen presenting cells (APC), the frequency of interferon-7(IFN-?)secreting cells in CD8 T cells from a HIV-infected long term nonprogressor by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT)assay in vitro were assessed.Moreover, matching analysis of HI.A-Ⅰrestriction sites were performed.Results HIV-1 epitopes were presen ted restrictively by HLA-Ⅰmolecules in specific CD8 T cell responses,and this antigen presenting had high specificity.HLA-Ⅰrestriction sitesA03,A26,C04andC08 contributed to presentepitopes in HIV-1 C-ag region,A03 and C08 to HIV-1 Nef as well.Conclusion HLA-Ⅰrestriction sites may include A03,A26,C04 and C08 in HIV-1 Gag region,and A03,C08 in Nef region.