An investigation and analysis on the effect of current bilingual teaching has been done among the 2002rd seven-year program students by using questionnaire.The result can provide basic foundation for improving the quality of bilingual teaching.

Objective To study the value of CT lymphography (CT-LG) in evaluating axillary sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) of rabbit with breast cancer using 3D and curved planar reformation (CPR).Methods CT-LG examinations were completed on the VX2 rabbit models bearing breast cancer established by tumor tissue mass suspension injection.All raw data were transferred to a postprocessing workstation, then the 3D and CPR were used to show lymphatic vessel and lymph nodes.On the CT-LG images, one or several lymph nodes displayed firstly in the lymphatic drainage pathway was defined as the SLN which was then confirmed by the biopsy.Results (1) 20 rabbits bearing tumor underwnet CT-LG examinations, and both SLNs and draining lymphatic vessels were detected using 3D and CPR techniques.70% (14/20) of experimental rabbits had fine images, and 16 SLNs and 7 non-SLNs were demonstrated on 14 rabbits on CT-LG images with good quality.(2) 8 continuous lymphatic vessels displayed well, exhibiting a homogeneous and continuous tube with uniform contrast-medium filling on CPR images.Most lymphatic vessels demonstrated well, and the 14 vessels with local interrupt or fuzzy on 3D images showed continuous tubular contrast-filling with heterogeneous high-density on the CPR images from the injection sites to axillary SLN.Among 6 rabbits with poor images, 3 rabbits showed the SLN but without lymphatic vessels on 3D images, 2 showed only initial segment of lymphatic vessel,and 1 had no lymphatic vessel and SLN.(3) A total 24 SLNs were obtained by SLNB,including 18 metastatic SLNs and 6 negative ones.On CT-LG images, there were statistical differences between the metastatic and negative SLNs in the maximum diameter and filling defect (P=0.041 and P=0.001, respectively).However, the short diameter, shape and margin of SLNs had no statistical differences between the two groups (all P>0.05).Conclusion On CT-LG examinations, 3D and CPR images may show axillary SLNs and lymphatic vessels effectively,and CPR can demonstrate more details than 3D.The maximum diameter and fillingdefect of SLN are helpful for distinguishing metastatic and negative SLNs.

Objective To study the clinical diagnosis and treatment of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Methods To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 28 cases with malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors underweat surgical treatment . Results The malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor in adults were more than 50 years old,71.4%(20/28) ,and common clinical symptoms were gastrointestinal bleeding,anemia,and pain. The lesion site: 19 cases of gastric bowel, 8 cases of small intestine, 1 case of colon, radical excision in 22 cases, local excision palliative resection in 5 cases, three cases were multi-visceral resection. Conclusion Malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor could be diagnosed by the means of endoscopic imaging and clear,and preoperative diagnosis was difficult. Surgical resection was the pathology diagnosis and treatment of primary method,if necessary,to ensure multi-visceral resection of the tumor to prevent recurrence of thoroughness, had important significance.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of health education on controlling of coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis(referred to as endemic fluorosis) in Guizhou,and to provide a scientific basis for development of control strategies.Methods A total of 37 counties were selected in Guizhou province,and 3 townships were chosen in each project county.Heath educational activities were carried out in the classes of grade 5 in the Central Primary School of each selected township.In the meantime,3 villages were chosen in each selected township where the health education for women of child-bearing age in the community was carried out.Survey on knowledge questionnaire of endemic fluorosis control was conducted among 30 students of grade 5 in the Central Primary School and 15 women of childbearing age of each selected township before and after the health educational activities.Results The knowing rate of endemic fluorosis control of pupils in all the 37 counties increased from 45.03％(14637/32505) to 89.79％(52898/58910),of women of child-bearing age increased from 38.97％ (5729/14700) to 76.55％(19198/25080) after the health education.ConclusionsThe knowing rate of endemic fluorosis control among pupils and women of child-bearing age is remarkably increased after implementing the health education projects.They have better life and health habits,and the project has reached desired goal.

Objective To investigate the epiderniology of fungemia and provide evidence for clinical therapy.Methods A retro- spective survey was done with the 31 cases of fungemia in our hospital from August 2004 to November 2005.Results More than 80% of the patients suffered from two and more underlying diseases.Over a half of infections developed following placement of catheters.And 83.9% of the patients had a history of antimicrobial agents use before blood culture.The pathogens of 24 (77.4%) cases were associated with Candida spp.Only 3 strains were C.albicans.The mortality rate of candidemia was 45.8%.Different Candida species had different resistance rates to antifungal agents.Conclusions Fungemia patients often have serious underlying diseases.Most fungemia cases were candidemia caused by non-C.albicans.Some fungal pathogens are re- sistant to fluconazole and itraconazole.

Background:Wheezing is common in early childhood and remains an important health concem.The aim of this study was to assess the lung function of wheezing infants and to investigate the relationship between lung function and respiratory outcome.Methods:Infants ＜2 years of age with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) who had undergone lung function tests were included in the study.They were assigned to wheeze or no wheeze group based on physical examination.Infants without any respiratory diseases were enrolled as controls.Lung function was measured during the acute phase and 3 months after ALRTI.One-year follow-up for infants with ALRTI was achieved.Results:A total of 252 infants with ALRTI who had acceptable data regarding tidal breathing were included in the final analysis.Compared with the control and the no wheeze groups,infants in the wheeze group had significantly decreased time to peak tidal expiratory flow as a percentage of total expiratory time (TPTEF/TE) (20.1 ± 6.4％ vs.34.4 ± 6.2％ and 26.4 ± 8.3％,respectively,P ＜ 0.0001) and significantly increased peak tidal expiratory flow (PTEF) (90.7 ± 26.3 ml/s vs.79.3 ± 18.4 ml/s and 86.1 ± 28.0 ml/s,respectively,P ＜ 0.01),sReffand Reff.The infants in the wheeze group still had lower TPTEF/TE and volume to peak tidal expiratory flow as a percentage of total expiratory volume (VPTEF/VE) than the no wheeze infants 3 months after the ALRTI.Moreover,there was a significant inverse relationship between TPTEF/TE,VPTEF/VE,and the recurrence of wheezing and pneumonia.Conclusions:Impaired lung function was present in wheezing infants with ALRTI and the deficits persisted.In addition,the lower level of TPTEF/TE and VPTEF/VE was a risk factor for poor respiratory outcome.

Objective To evaluate the value of MSCT in the diagnosis of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Methods The MSCT appearances of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma confirmed by pathology in 27 cases were analyzed retrospectively.Among them,20 patients underwent plain and four-phase dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scans including early arterial phase,late arterial phase,portal phase and delay phase,7 patients only underwent contrast-enhanced CT scans.Results 15 lesions were located in the hilar and 12 lesions were located in the common bile duct.CT features of cholangiocarcinomas in this group were varied with its position and growth pattern.Besides the direct sign such as delay enhancement,the indirect findings were also specific such as hepatic lobe atrophy,dilated bile duct,etc.Conclusion MSCT is of great value in diagnosis of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

The effects of ultrafine grinding on the dissolution rates of the effective components in Sanjie Zhentong capsule (SZC) were studied in this experiment. Fine and ultrafine powder of SZC intermediates were made by ordinary grinding and ultrafine grinding technology, and then granulated by wet granulation. SZC were prepared by fine powder, ultrafine powder and ultrafine granules, respectively. With resveratrol and loureirin B as investigated indexes, dissolution rates of the four intermediates in SZC were determined by cup method and HPLC. The dissolution rates of resveratrol in SZC prepared by fine powder, ultrafine powder and ultrafine granules were 26.11%, 63.27%, 67.49%, respectively; and the dissolution rates of loureirin B were 7.160%, 20.29%, 23.05%, respectively. The dissolution rate of resveratrol and loureirin B in SZC prepared by ultrafine granules was the best. D90 size of ultrafine grinding was 13.221 μm and could improve the dissolution rates of resveratrol and loureirin B in SZC.
Capsules ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Silicones ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

Objective To explore the protective effcets of Schisandra chinensis extract (SCE) in paraquat (PQ)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice ,and its intrinsic molecular mechanisms thereof. Methods A total of 108 mice were randomly allocated into six groups (n=18):control group, model group, low concentration of SCE group (200 mg/kg), medium concentration of SCE group (400 mg/kg), high concentration of SCE group (800 mg/kg) and vitamin C group (100 mg/kg). Except control group, mice were given by intragastric administration with PQ (100 mg/kg) and administered with SCE and Vitamin C once per 24 h after PQ modeling. Mice were sacrificed at 7, 14 and 21 d after modeling. Six mice were executed at different time points. The degree of lung tissue inflammation and fibrosis were observed by HE staining and Masson staining. The mRNA and protein expression levels of transforming growth (TGF)-β1, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17 in lung tissue were determined by RT-PCR and ELISA respectively. Results (1) Compared with control group, the lung tissue of model group showed a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration, space congestion, and its inflammation scores increased at 7 and 14 days after modeling (P<0.05). At the same time, compared with model group and vitamin C group, inflammation scores were significantly decreased in medium concentration of SCE group and high concentration of SCE group (P<0.05). (2) Compared with control group, collagen fibers and the degree of fibrosis were significantly increased in model group ,while pulmonary fibrosis were decreased in medium concentration of SCE group and high concentration of SCE group at 14 and 21 days after modeling (P<0.05). (3) With the extension of modeling time, both mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 were obviously elevated, IL-6 decreased and IL-17 reduced after the first increase in PQ group. Compared with PQ group, levels of three cytokines mRNA and protein expression in medium concentration of SCE group and high concentration of SCE group changed as follows:IL-6 level was markedly decreased at 7 and 14 days after modeling;TGF-β1 level was markedly increased at 14 and 21 days after modeling. However, IL-17 level was markedly decrease at three time points(P<0.05). Conclusion SCE can relieve PQ-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis by suppressing TGF-β1, IL-6, and IL-17 expressions.

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effect of early combination treatment with intratympanic glucocorticoid injection for sudden sensorineural hearing loss(SSNHL).METHODSTotal of 178 patients with diagnosis of SSNHL, including 44 with hearing loss at middle-low frequencies,50 at high frequencies,44 at all frequencies and 40 at total deafness, were randomly divided into combination treatment group (CT group) and systemic oral prednisone group (OP group).CT group (82 patients) received intratympanic administration of methylprednisolone and oral prednisone in tapering doses. Pure-tone threshold audiometry (PTA) was performed at week 8 after beginning of therapy. RESULTSIn middle-low frequencies, the final PTA and PTA improvement were 26.14±24.82 dB and 42.23±1.61 dB in CT group respectively, and were 37.91±13.98 dB and 30.00±13.30 dB in OP group respectively (both P<0.05). In high frequencies, all frequencies and total deafness SSNHL group, the differences of the final PTA and PTA improvement were not statistically significant in both groups. The PTA improvement in CT group for total deafness (26.52±14.03) dB was more than that of OP group (22.06±11.17)dB (t=2.361,P<0.05). In middle-low frequencies, the recovery rate was 72.73%(16 cases) in CT group, and 40.91% (9 cases) in OP group, the difference was significant (χ2=4.539,P<0.05), but not in apparent effective rate, effective rate and total effective rate. In high frequencies, all frequencies and total deafness, there were no significant differences in therapeutic effect. The recovery rate of total CT group (40.24%) was significantly increased compared with that of OP group (26.04%)(χ2=4.061,P<0.05), the differences of apparent effective rate, effective rate and total effective rate were not statistically significant in both groups.CONCLUSIONFor low-middle frequencies SSNHL, the early combination treatment with intratympanic glucocorticoid injection leads to higher hearing recovery and therapeutic effect compared with traditional oral prednisone. Systemic application should be applied for high frequencies, all frequencies and total deafness of SSNHL.