Hyperlipidemia (HLP) is the No.1 risk factor for patients with atherosclerosis (AS) and is directly related to the occurrence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and cerebrovascular disease. Therefore, prevention and treatment of AS is of great importance and of practical significance in controlling the incidence and mortality of CAD. With its peculiar syndrome-dependent therapy, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has accumulated abundant practical experiences in this field and good clinical effects have been achieved. Chinese herbal medicine, with its particularly unique advantages and high potentials yet to be tapped, displays its huge strength in HLP prevention and treatment. The progress of studies concerning prevention and treatment of HLP by Chinese herbal medicines, in the form of monomers or compound recipes, is reviewed in this paper.
Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; drug therapy ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Receptors, LDL ; analysis

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are a family of epigenetic regulators responsible for the repression of genes in proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. PcG protein complex consists of two important epigenetic regulators: PRC1 (polycomb repressive complex 1) and PRC2 (polycomb repressive complex 2). In order to further understand the functions of PcG proteins in stem cell growth and differentiation, we review the PcG protein composition, PcG protein localization in the target gene, PcG protein recruitment, and the functions of PcG proteins in the development of stem cells.
Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 ; metabolism ; physiology ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ; metabolism ; physiology ; Polycomb-Group Proteins ; metabolism ; physiology ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism

Objective:To explore the application value of checklist-based transitional care on patients relatives relocation stress in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.Methods:A total of 92 patients who undergoing cardiac surgery were assigned to experimental group ( n=46) and control group ( n=46). Patients in the control group received routine ICU transitional care, the experiment group carried out checklist-based ICU transitional care. The transfer time, time of early ambulation, length of hospitalization and incidence of postoperative complications were compared between two groups. Meanwhile, the relatives stress levels were assessed by family relocation stress scale. Results:The transfer time, time of early ambulation and post-intensive care syndrome rate were (11.80±3.58) min, (18.65±4.63) min and 4.35% (2/46) in the experimental group, significantly lower than those in the control group [(13.83±3.49)min, (21.37±4.97) min, 17.39% (8/46)], the difference was statistically significant ( t value was 2.739, 2.713, χ2 value was 3.866, P<0.05). After ICU transferring, the scores of preparation for relocation, family burden, satisfaction with the relocation process and total relocation stress were 21.11±2.57, 13.83±2.10, 7.57±1.11 and 7.57±1.11, significantly higher than in the control group (19.65±3.28, 19.65±3.28, 6.76±1.62, 46.43±4.11), the difference was statistically significant ( t value was 9.222-20.187, P<0.05). Conclusions:Checklist-based transitional care can reduce ICU transfer time, decrease postoperative pain and complications in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, which can also alleviate the levels of relatives relocation stress.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects and mechanism of intracellular 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) accumulation on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced hepatotoxicity in alcoholic liver disease (ALD).

METHODSAn ALD model was established in male C57BL/6 mice (6-8 weeks old) by feeding an ethanol-containing diet for 5 weeks; mice given regular (non-ethanol) diet served as controls. ALD-related changes in 4-HNE and TNF levels were detected by western blotting. The underlying mechanisms of this molecular effect were examined by pre-treating HepG2 cells with 4-HNE followed by exposure to various concentrations of TNF. Effects on cell death were evaluated by MTT assay. Effects on TNF-mediated upstream factors' expression were detected by ELISA, western blotting, and real-time PCR. Effects on the TNF-induced inhibitor of NF-kB (IkBa) activity (phosphorylation status) and its formation of adducts were detected by western blotting and immunoprecipitation.

RESULTSALD mice showed increased hepatic 4-HNE and TNF levels, and the increases were associated with extent of liver injury. Cell culture studies revealed that 4-HNE, at non-toxic concentrations, sensitized hepatocytes to TNF killing, which was associated with suppressed NF-kB trans activity. Furthermore, 4-HNE prevented phosphorylation of IkBa without affecting upstream IkB kinase activity. The ALD-enhanced 4-HNE content was found to associated with increased formation of 4-HNE-IkBa adduction for both the 4-HNE - treated hepatocytes in culture and in the livers of ALD mice.

CONCLUSIONAlcohol-induced increase in 4-HNE accumulation represents a potent and clinically relevant mechanism of sensitizing hepatocytes to TNF-induced toxicity. These data support the notion that decreasing or eliminating accumulated intracellular 4-HNE can serve as a potential therapeutic option for ALD.

Aldehydes ; metabolism ; Animals ; Ethanol ; toxicity ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; I-kappa B Proteins ; metabolism ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the most active fraction of compost organic matter. The presence of the redox-active functional groups in DOM allows it to act an electron shuttle to promote the electron transfer between microorganisms and terminal electron acceptors. In this study, the electron transfer capacities (ETCs) of compost DOM samples at eight different composting stages were determined by electrochemical method. The 2, 2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and Diquat dibro-mide monohydrate (DQ) were used to measured electron donating capacity (EDC) and electron accepting capacity(EAC) with working voltage 0.61 V/-0.49 V,respective. The evolution characteristics of the chemical structures and components were analyzed by combining the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra,fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and elemental analysis. The results showed that the electron donating capacity(EDC) of DOMincreased from 16.850 μmol e-/(g C) to 22.077 μmol e-/(g C), The corresponding electron accepting capacity (EAC) decreased from 1.866 μmol e-/(g C)to 1.779 μmol e-/(g C). The results of three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy show that the relative contents of humuc-likeand protein-like components gradually increased and decreased, respectively, during the composting process. The humuc-like components were the main contributor for the ETC of DOM. FTIR spectra shows that there was no significant change in the hydroxyl and carboxyl group contentsof DOM during composting, suggesting no contribution of these function groups to the ETC of DOM. The elemental analysis showed that the content of oxygen in the DOM increased during the composting process, while the sulfur-containing group may be dominated contributor forits ETC.

Objective To evalute the efficacy of high-resolution CT(HRCT) in differential diagnosis and treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media and cholesteatoma otitis media by soft-tissue shadows. Methods HRCT scanning was performed in 120 cases, 153 ears, with chronic otitis suppurative media and cholesteatoma otitis media, of which original data were processed with multi-planar reconstructtion (MPR) and maximum intensity projection ( MIP) , the characteristics of the soft-tissue shadows' growth, window width or window leveling and bony destruction were respectively observed, as well as compared with the surgery findings. Results In 120 patients (133 ears), 109 ears were diagnosed as cholesteatoma otitis media, and 44 ears were diagnosed as chronic suppurative otitis media, among which 33 ears had granulation tissue and 11 ears had secretion. One hundred and seven ears were postoperatively diagnosed as cholesteatoma otitis media, among which 25 ears had granulation tissue. Among 46 ears of chronic suppurative otitis media, 35 ears had granulation tissue, and only 11 ears had secretion. A 98. 6% diagnostic accuracy can be reached with HRCT in diagnosing cholesteatoma otitis media and chronic suppurative otitis media. The Youden's index was 0. 98, 0. 98 and 1. 00 respectively with HRCT in diagnosing cholesteatoma, granulation tissue and secretion. Conclusions Combination of the three different imaging methods, axial images, coronal MPR images and MIP images, can improve the efficacy of the HRCT diagnosis and definite chronic otitis media, which can be routinely used for surgery plan.

Objective: To explore age-related clinical characteristics, early responses and outcomes in non-senile adults with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: Data of consecutive cases of 18-65 years adults with de novo AML (non-acute promyelocytic leukemia) were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical characteristics at diagnosis, early responses and outcomes across different age groups of patients were analyzed. Results: 1 097 patients were enrolled. 591 (53.9%) were male. Median age was 42 years. Increasing age was significantly associated with decreasing WBC count (P=0.003), increasing PLT count (P=0.034), lower blast proportions in bone marrow (P=0.021). The incidence of NPM1(+)/FLT3-ITD(-) increased with age (P<0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that increasing age was associated with low probabilities of achieving morphologic leukemia free state (MLFS) (P=0.053) and complete remission (CR) (P=0.004) and poor overall survival (OS) (P=0.070) in the whole patients population. However, increasing age was not associated with low MLFS rate and poor OS, except low CR rate (P=0.075) in those receiving standard induction regimen instead of low-intensity regimen. Conclusions: There were significant differences on clinical characteristics, cytogenetics and molecular genetics across different age groups in non-senile adults with de novo AML. In the patients receiving standard induction regimen, age was not associated with MLFS rate and OS.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Nucleophosmin ; Prognosis ; Remission Induction ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult ; fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3

Objective To establish a quantitative analysis method for determining 99mTc-HYNIC-PEG4-E[PEG4-c(RGDfK)]2 (99mTc-3PRGD2,a radioactive tumor agent)byγcounter, and to investigate the distribution of 99mTc-3PRGD2 in mice bearing with lung carcinoma xenograft. Methods The mice were divided into 4 normal groups and one blocking peptide group(control group). The 99mTc-3PRGD2(8μg/kg)was injected to mice bearing with lung carcinoma xenograft through the tail intravenous administration. Tissues of the normal mice were taken at 0.5,1,2 and 4 h. The control group were treated by 3PRGD2 and 99mTc-3PRGD2. The control mice were injected with the 3PRGD2 saline solution(2.5 mg/ml,0.2 ml)at 0.5 h earlier before the injection of 99mTc-3PRGD2. The tu?mor and organ tissues of the control mice were taken at 2 h. The radioactivity was detected by Gamma Counter. Results The radioac?tivity of 99mTc-3PRGD2 detected was high in the tumor and very low in brain. In addition,high radioactivity in kidneys and bladder sug?gested that the drug excreted by renal. Conclusion The results proved that the blocking peptide can competitively inhibit the combi?nation of 99mTc-3PRGD2 and integrinαvβ3 receptors.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of admission plasma amino-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)on in-hospital mortality in patients with decompensated heart failure.Methods Plasma NT-proBNP levels were measured in patients with decompensated heart failure within 24 hours after admission with ELISA method.The NT-proBNP levels were compared between survivals and dying patients in hospital.ROC analyses were performed to evaluate the predictive value of admission plasma NT-proBNP on in-hospital mortality and to identify the optimal NT-proBNP cut-point for predicting in hospital mortality.A binary logistic regress analyses was used to evaluate if NT-proBNP was an independent predictor for in-hospital mortality.Results A total of 804 patients with decompensated heart failure were enrolled in his study(293 valvular heart diseases,219 ischemic cardiomyopathy,141 dilated cardiomyopathy,14 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,21 restrictive cardiomyopathy,39 hypertensive heart disease,41 chronic pulmonary heart disease and 36 adult congenital heart disease)and 96 patients were in class Ⅱ,450 in classⅢand 258 in cases Ⅳ according to NYHA Classification.During hospitalization,64 deaths were recorded and the on admission plasma NT-proBNP levels of patients died during hospitalization were significantly higher than those of survivals[4321.1(3063.8,6606.5)pmol/L VS.1921.6(873.9,3739.2)pmol/L,P＜0.01].Area under receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of NT-proBNP to predict in-hospital death was 0.772(95%CI:0.718-0.825,P＜0.01),the optimal plasma NT-proBNP cut-point for predicting in-hospital mortality Was 3500 pmol/L,with a sensitivity of 70.3%,a specificity of 72.0%,an accuracy of 71.9%.a positive predictive value of 17.8%and a negative predictive value of 96.6%.Patients whose NT-proBNP levels were equal or more than 3500 pmol/L had a much higher in hospital mortality(17.8%)compared with those with NT-proBNP levels of less than 3500 pmol/L (3.4%),P＜0.01.Binary logistic regress analyses demonstrated that admission plasma NT-proBNP,pneumonia,heart rate and NYHA class were independent predictors for in-hospital mortality in patients with decompensated heart failure(P＜0.05 or 0.01)and admission plasma NT-proBNP Was the strongest predictor for in-hospital mortality.Conclusions Admission plasma NT-proBNP level was an independent predictor for in-hospital mortality in patients with decompensated heart failure.The optimal NT-proBNP cut point for predicting in-hospital mortality was 3500 pmol/L in this patient cohort.

Many pathological phenomena of male infertility are related to epigenetic changes in male germ cells. Epigenetic regulation during spermatogenesis plays an important role in mitotic/meiotic divisions and spermiogenesis. The histones have various post-translational modifications on different amino acid residues during spermatogenesis. These modifications are crucial to the precise regulation of spermatogenesis. Moreover, the histone-to-protamine transition will occur during spermiogenesis. Many studies have also found that abnormal changes of histone modifications during spermatogenesis may damage the sperm development, leading to male sterility. This article reviews the changes of histone modifications during spermatogenesis, the regulation of the development of male germ cells, and the relationship between histone abnormalities and male sterility.
Epigenesis, Genetic ; Histones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; physiopathology ; Male ; Spermatogenesis