Functional targets are the objects that Chinese herbal medicines act directly upon. If the relationships between the properties of Chinese herbs and their functional targets were analyzed clearly, it would benefit the overall understanding of the holistic mechanisms of Chinese herbal treatments. In this paper, data regarding the properties of Chinese herbs and their functional targets were collected from the 2005 edition of The People's Republic of China Pharmacopoeia. After analyzing and assessing the data, the relationships were defined between the four qi, meridian entry and medicinal functional targets and between the four qi, five flavors and mode of function. Then the relationships between a single herbal medicine and a prescription were analyzed, and the results conformed with the traditional knowledge of Chinese herbal nature and efficacy. This demonstrated that the holistic mechanisms of the properties of Chinese herbs adhere to the findings, which may be beneficial for the development and compatibility of Chinese herbal medicines.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of pulmonary fungal infection in intensive care unit(ICU),and discuss the strategy of prevention and treatment.Methods Forty children with pulmonary fungal infection in ICU of Wuhan Children's Hospital from Jan.2003 to Jan.2007 were analyzed retrospectively,including primarily diseases,application of antibiotics,adrenal cortical hormone and virulence operation,therapy and turnover.Results All children were accepted the therapies of broad spectrum antibiotics and glucocorticoids for long time before definite diagnosis of pulmonary fungal infection.Seventy-five percent children were received invasive operations or therapies.Their average time of stayed in hospital was 37.8 d.The clinical symptoms and imaging examinations were untypical.Blastomyces albicans was the main pathogen.After the antifungal agents and supportive treatment used in time,35 cases(87.5%) were cured and 5 cases(12.5%) died.Conclusions The major risk factors of children pulmonary fungal infection are long-time use of broad spectrum antibiotics and glucocorticoids.The pulmonary fungal infection can decrease by rational use of broad spectrum antibiotics and glucocorticoids,decreasing the unnecessary invasive operations,strengthening the supportive therapies of micro-ecosystem,and applying the antifungal agents in time.

Objective To explore the mechanism of neuropmtective effects of puerarin for the treatment of acute spinal ischenia-reperfusion injury in a rat model.Methods Acute spinal ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced via aortic occlusion in 28 male Sprague-Dawley rats.The animals were randomly divided into four groups,as follows:group negative contrast (NC sham operation),group positive control group (IR+ S ischemia/reperfusion + saline),group puerarin (IR+P ischemia/reperfusion + puerarin),group mscovitine (IR+R ischemia/reperfusion + roscovitine).The motor function,spinal infarction volume,apoptosis indices,and CDK5 and P25 activities were examined.Results Spinal ischemia-reperfusion caused the injury of the spines and was associated with motor deficit,elevation of CDK5 and P25 activities,and increase in the spinal apoptosis and spinal infarction volume.Puerarin improved motor function and decreased apoptosis,spinal infarction volume,and CDK5 and P25 activities.Conclusion The findings of the present study indicated that puerarin treatment-mediated reduction of spinal injury was associated with the inhibition of CDK5 and P25,and that the inhibition was one among the neuroprotective mechanisms of puerarin against acute ischemia/reperfusioninduced spinal injury in rats.

0.05).But after the treatment,there were significant increases in pa(O2),SaO2 and PCIS(Pa0.05).Conclusions Early application of hyperoxia liquid could decrease multiple organ anoxia and the damage of lipid peroxidation.It has obviously protective effects on multiple organ damage during ischemic reperfusion in infants with muggy syndrome.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of curcumin on the injury in hippocampal neurons and the expression of regulated upon activation nonnal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in hippocamp during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats with spontaneous hypertension (SH).

METHODSMale Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR) were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6): sham group (W-Sham and S-Sham group), ischemia/reperfusion group (W-/R and S/R group), curcumin group (S-Cur group) . Each group was splitted into 5 subgroups of 3 h,12 h, 1 d, 3 d and 7 d according to the time interval before reperfusion. Global brain ischemia/reperfusion model was established by 4-VO method. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE staining) was used to observe the vertebral cell morphology in hippocampal CA1 region. Nissl staining was applied to detect the average density of cone cells in hippocampal CA1 region. The expression of RANTES in hippocamp was determined by ELISA. The behavior of the rats was evaluated at 7 days after reperfusion. Results: Compared with the sham group rats, the ability of learning and memory was significantly decreased in ischemia/reperfusion group rats, the number of injured neurons were greatly elevated , the protein expression levels of RANTES was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with W-I/R group rats, the ability of learning and memory in S-I/R group rats was greatly reduced, the number of injured neurons increased extremely, the protein expression level of RANTES was significantly enhanced( P <0.05). The number of injured neurons declined significantly in S-Cur group rats, the ability to learn and remember of these rats was improved and the RANTES protein content decreased significantly (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSHR are more susceptible to ischemia/reperfusion induced hippocampal neuronal injury which may be improved by curcu min. Its underlying mechanism is possibly associated with the inhibition of RANTES protein expression level.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Chemokine CCL5 ; metabolism ; Cognition ; drug effects ; Curcumin ; pharmacology ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Hypertension ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Inbred WKY ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the surgery-related complications and risk factors of ileocolic Crohn's disease (CD).Methods The retrospective case-control study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 52 patients with ileocolic CD who underwent surgery at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2010 to April 2016 were collected.Observation indicators:(1) surgery-related complications,(2) risk factors analysis of surgery-related complications:gender,age of onset,preoperative body mass index (BMI),course of disease,smoking history,history of appendectomy,perianal lesions,oral ulcer,C-reactive protein (CRP),erythrocyte sedimentation rate,disease behavior,short crohn's disease activity index (sCDAI),preoperative amino salicylic acid therapy,preoperative hormone therapy,preoperative antituberculosis therapy,preoperative immunosuppressive agents therapy,preoperative biologic agents therapy,emergency operation,surgical method and ileocolic anastomosis method,(3) follow-up.The follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect recurrence of disease up to August 2016.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as-x ± s.The univariate analysis was done using the chi-square test,and multivariate analysis was done using the Logistic regression model.Results (1) Surgery-related complications:of 52 patients,12 had postoperative complications.Four patients complicated with wound infection had good healing of the wound after debridement and dressing change.Of 4 patients with abdominal infection,3 were improved by anti-infection symptomatic treatment and 1 die of septic shock at postoperative day 1.One patient with intestinal obstruction had a smooth recovery after open adhesiolysis.One patient with intestinal fistula discharged from hospital due to a critical condition under families' requestion.One patient with acute cholecystitis and 1 with acute pancreatitis were respectively improved by conservative treatment.(2) Risk factors analysis of surgery-related complications:theresult of univariate analysis showed that sCDAI and emergency operation were the factors infecting surgery-relatedcomplications of ileocolic CD (x2 =6.299,8.494,P ＜ 0.05).The result of multivariate analysis showed that sCDAI was an independent factor infecting surgery-related complications of ileocolic CD [OR =2.716,95％ confidence interval (CI):1.216-6.066,P ＜ 0.05].(3) Follow-up:all the 52 patients were followed up for 5-76 months with a median time of 39 months.During the follow-up,15 had recurrence of diseases and then underwent medical treatment.Conclusions Patients with ileocolic CD are easily complicated with wound infection and abdominal infection in the active period,and sCDAI is an independent factor infecting surgery-related complications of ileocolic CD.

· AIM :To investigate the role of pericytes in growth of retinal microvascular endothelial cells with a co-culture system in order to understand some mechanism of angiogenesis in hypoxia induced retinal neovascular disorders.(RMECs) were isolated by a modified protocol using CD31 coated Dynabeads, and identified by immunocytochemical staining with anti-Factor Ⅷ and CD31 antibodies. Rat retinal pericytes were isolated and characterized by immunofluorescent staining with PDGFR-β; and desmin antibodies. Pericytes and RMECs were cultured in a contact co-culture system both under normoxia and hypoxia by Millicell chamber. RMECs proliferation was evaluated by MTT and cell cycle assay with flow cytometry. RT-PCR was used to detect the alteration of KDR/Flk-1 mRNA level in RMECs under normoxia or hypoxia in the co-culture system.harvested with the modified isolating method. The two cell types were identified by positive Factor Ⅷ, CD31 and PDGFR-β, desmin cytochemical staining respectively.RMECs proliferated significantly under hypoxia from 3 to 9d with a maximal rate on day 6 (24.9%, P ＜ 0.01) by MTT. In the co-culture system, the proliferation of RMECs was inhibited by pericytes. After 6d exposure to hypoxia,the fraction of S-phase RMECs number was greatly increased by 43.9% (P ＜ 0.01). In the co-culture system,RMECs proliferation was inhibited by pericytes through decreasing the fraction of S-phase cell number both under normoxia (3.6%, P＜0.05) and under hypoxia (15.1%,P＜0.01). KDR/Flk-1 mRNA level in single cultured RMECs was shown to increase approximately 1.3-fold when exposed to hypoxia. Compared with single cultured RMECs, co-culture with pericytes could decrease KDR/Flk-1 mRNA by 45.1% (P＜0.05) and 27.7% (P ＜ 0.05) under normoxia and hypoxia condition respectively.pericytes could inhibit proliferation of RMECs under both normoxia and hypoxia. The inhibition effects of pericytes maybe, at least in part, due to downregulation of KDR/Flk-1 of RMECs. These findings confirm that pericytes could be a potential inhibitor in the pathogenesis of retinal neovascularization.

80 mL/ min were 12 cases;minor lesion group(50

OBJECTIVETo explore the correlation of the gene polymorphisms of Toll-like receptor 2 ( TLR2) and TLR4 with the susceptibility and recurrence of condyloma acuminatum (CA).

METHODSUsing Snapshot, we detected the gene polymorphisms of TLR2 597(T/C), 1350(T/C), 15607(A/G), and 2258(G/A) and TLR4 896(A/G) and 1196(C/T) in the peripheral blood of 140 CA patients and 105 HPV-negative controls. We made comparisons between the CA patients and controls as well as between the cases of recurrent CA and those of non-recurrence at 6 months after treatment.

RESULTSThere were 72, 48, and 20 cases of genotype TT, TC, and CC of TLR2 597 (T/C), respectively, in the CA patients, as compared with 71, 31, and 3 cases in the controls. The gene frequency of mutant C was 31. 43% in the patients, significantly higher than 17.62% in the controls (χ2 = 12.04, P < 0.01), and it was 38.68% in the recurrent cases, remarkably higher than 27.01% in the non-recurrent cases (χ2 = 4.16, P < 0.05). There were 74, 49, and 17 cases of genotype TT, TC, and CC of TLR2 1350( T/C), respectively, in the CA patients, as compared with 73, 29, and 3 cases in the controls. The gene frequency of mutant C was 29. 64% in the patients, significantly higher than 16. 67% in the controls (χ2 =11.05, P < 0.01), and it was 36.79% in the recurrent cases, markedly higher than 25. 29% in the non-recurrent cases (χ2 = 4.18, P < 0.05). There were 44, 66, and 30 cases of genotype AA, AG, and GG of TLR2 15607(A/G), respectively, in the CA patients, as compared with 26, 58, and 21 cases in the controls. There was no significant difference in the gene frequencies of mutant G between the two groups (χ2 = 0.33, P > 0.05). No mutant genes of TLR2 2508 (G/A) or TLR4 896(A/G) and 1196(C/ T) were detected in either the CA patients or the controls. Linkage disequilibrium analysis showed a tight linkage between TLR2 597 (T/C) and 1350(T/C) (D' = 1, r2 = 0.93).

CONCLUSIONTLR2 597(T/C) is tightly linked to 1350(T/C), which is correlated with both the susceptibility and the recurrence of condyloma acuminatum.

Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Condylomata Acuminata ; genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Recurrence ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; genetics ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; genetics

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Leukemia ; physiopathology ; Male ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vault Ribonucleoprotein Particles ; genetics