Objective To investigate the pathogen distribution and drug sensitivity in childhood bacillary dysentery,and to guide clinically the selection of reasonable antibiotics.Methods Bacterial drug susceptibility test was performed by standard Kirby-Bauer method.The results were interpreted according to NCCLS 2002.Results Of the 98 cases,there were two types of positive bacterial species:sh.flexneri(n = 77)and sh.sonnei(n = 21).Both sh.flexneri and sh.sonnei were sensitive to cefoperazone,eeftazidime,ceftriaxone,cefoperazone/sulbactam and fura- zolidone,and insensitive to ampicillin and co-trimoxazole.Conclusion sh.flexneri was the major pathogen of child- hood bacillary dysentery.The third generation cephalosporins were the first choice for shigella infections.

Objective To examine how ischemic time under common temperature affects acute rejection by using a rat vascularized skin transplantation model.Methods Vascularized groin flaps were transplanted from BN to Lewis rats with 1,2,3 and 4 h of ischemic time (Isc-1 h,2 h,3 h,4 h groups) under common temperature,and the allografts in each group were evaluated daily.Groin flaps were transplanted from Lewis to Lewis rats as control group.Biopsy samples taken from the each group on the postoperative day 2-8 were graded for signs of acute rejection.Biopsy samples taken from each group on the postoperative day 6 were stained for chemokine receptor CXCR3.Results When the ischemia time was 1,2,3 and 4 h,the survival time of the grafts was (9.0 ± 1.2),(8.6 ±1.1),(8.8 ± 1.3),and (7.0 ± 0.8) days respectively.The survival time in Isc-4 h group was significantly shorter than in other groups (P＜0.05).Histological evaluation showed acceleration of activated lymphocyte infiitration in the Isc-4 h group as compared with other g.roups.Furthermore,the proportion of CXCR3 positive cells in the Isc-4 h group was (50.1 ± 8.4) ％,significantly higher than that in the other groups on the day 6 after transplantation.Conclusion When ischemic time was over 3 h,the immune response is accelerated.The acceleration is associated with the higher expression of CXCR3 in the infiltrated cells.

BACKGROUND:Bone tissue transplantation or osteogenic material fil ing is after used for bone defect repair. To remove autologous bone tissues can lead to additional damage and secondary deformity, therefore, it is extremely urgent to search for a new osteogenic material. OBJECTIVE:To construct the porousβ-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)/col agen scaffold modified with human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (hBMP2) gene, and to observe its effects on differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cel lines. METHODS:The porousβ-TCP/col agen scaffold modified with hBMP2 gene was prepared. Then in vitro culture system of MC3T3-E1 cel lines with composite scaffold was established. There were scaffold and plate groups, and each group was divided into two subgroups according to the different concentrations of plasmid. Samples were col ected and observed morphological y by scanning electron microscope and light microscope after complex culture. After 1, 3, 7 and 14 days of induction, calcium nodules were observed through alizarin red staining, the cel cycle was detected by real-time PCR, and expressions ofαI-chain col agen type I gene, Osterix and bone sialoprotein were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The number of cel s adhered, differentated and distributed on the composite scaffold was significantly higher than that of the single scaffold (P<0.05). Alizarin red staining and real-time PCR detection showed that the osteogenesis ability of MC3T3-E1 cel lines in the scaffold group was stronger than that in the plate group. To conclude, the porousβ-TCP/col agen scaffold modified with hBMP2 gene is an appropriate candidate for bone defect repair.

Objective: To observe the influence of electroacupuncture with different frequencies on rats swimming endurance and sift out the optimal frequency parameter.Methods: Wistar rats were randomly allocated to control group, non-acupoint group and electroacupuncture with low frequency group (EA with 2 Hz group), electroacupuncture with medium frequency group (EA with 15 Hz group), and electroacupuncture with high frequency group (EA with 100 Hz group), acupoints Zusanli (ST 36) and Taichong (LR 3) were punctured and rats load swimming time was used as an index, and the change of swimming endurance time before and after acupuncture was observed. Results: After electro-acupuncture, swimming time was increased in 15 Hz and 100 Hz groups respectively, with the significant differences between before and after acupuncture (P＜0.05). There was also a significant difference in the percentage of increase in swimming time between 15 Hz group and other groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion: It is suggested that electroacupuncture at acupoints Zusanli (ST 36) and Taichong (LR 3) with a frequency of 15 Hz could enhance rats's swimming endurance, and 15 Hz might be an optimal frequency parameter during the electrical stimulation.

In this study, Professor Yan Zhenghua's recipes for treating heart diseases were collected to determine the frequency and association rules among drugs by such data mining methods as apriori algorithm and complex system entropy cluster and summarize Pro- fessor Yan Zhenghua's medication experience in treating heart diseases. The results indicated that frequently used drugs included Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, Polygoni Multiflori Caulis, Ostreae Concha, Poria; frequently used drug combinations included "Ostreae Concha, Draconis Os", "Polygoni Multiflori Caulis, Parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen" , and "Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen". The drug combinations with the confidence of 1 included "Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum-->Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma", "Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus-->Parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen", "Draconis Os-->Ostreae Concha", and "Salviae Miltiorrhizac Radix et Rhizoma, Draconis Os-->Ostreae Concha". The core drug combinations included" Chrysanthemi Flos-Gastrodiae Rhizoma-Tribuli Fructus", "Dipsaci Radix-Taxillus sutchuenensis-Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix", and "Margaritifera Concha-Polygoni Multiflori Caulis-Platycladi Semen-Draconis Os".
Drug Interactions ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; history ; therapeutic use ; Entropy ; Heart Diseases ; drug therapy ; history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans

To study the chemical constituents of Veratrum dahuricum (Turcz.) Loes. f., a new aurone glycoside named as (Z)-7, 4'-dimethoxy-6-hydroxyl-aurone-4-O-β-glucopyranoside was isolated from the 95% ethanol extracts of the rhizomes and roots of Veratrum dahuricum (Turcz.) Loes. f. by repeated column chromatography on silica gel and recrystallization. Its structure was established by extensive spectroscopic analyses, and its cytotoxicities against HepG-2, MCF7 and A549 cell lines were measured in vitro.
Benzofurans ; isolation & purification ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Glycosides ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Veratrum ; chemistry

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence and mechanism of Cheyne-Stokes breathing pattern in patients with heart failure.

METHODSFifty-six patients who performed polusomnography sleep testing at National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases Fuwai Hospital from March to May in 2015. We divided them into chronic heart failure (CHF) group and non-CHF group.

RESULTSThe occurrences of sleep apnea in two groups were high. In CHF group (n = 11) , there were 10 patients with apnea hypopnea index (AHI) > 5; and their AHI was 23.93 ±14.63. In non-CHF group (n = 45), there were 33 patients whose AHI > 5; and their AHI was 16.20 ± 18.76. The ratio of center sleep apnea to all gross sleep apnea ratio in CHF group was higher than that in non-CHF group (80.21% ± 30.55% vs 27.16% ± 35.71%, P < 0.01 ).

CONCLUSIONBased upon the new theory of holistic integrative physiology and medicine, we explain the mechanism of circulatory dysfunction induce the oscillation breathing in patients with CHF. The sleep apnea and C-S respiration in CHF should be called circulatory sleep apnea, rather than central sleep apnea.

The metabolic characteristics of ligustrazin (TMPz) in liver microsomes were investigated in the present study. The reaction phenotyping of TMPz metabolism was also identified by in vitro assessment using recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) and UDP glucuronosyltransferases (UGT). TMPz was incubated at 37 degrees C with human (HLM) and rat liver microsomes (RLM) in the presence of different co-factors. The metabolic stability and enzyme kinetics of TMPz were studied by determining its remaining concentrations with a LC-MS/MS method. TMPz was only metabolically eliminated in the microsomes with NADPH or NADPH+UDPGA. In the HLM and RLM with NADPH+UDPGA, t1/2, K(m) and V(max) of TMPz were 94.24 +/- 4.53 and 105.07 +/- 9.44 min, 22.74 +/- 1.89 and 33.09 +/- 2.74 micromol x L(-1), 253.50 +/- 10.06 and 190.40 +/- 8.35 nmol x min(-1) x mg(-1) (protein), respectively. TMPz showed a slightly higher metabolic rate in HLM than that in RLM. Its primary oxidative metabolites, 2-hydroxymethyl-3, 5, 6-trimethylpyrazine (HTMP), could undergo glucuronide conjugation. The CYP reaction phenotyping of TMPz metabolism was identified using a panel of recombinant CYP isoforms (rCYP) and specific CYP inhibitors in HLM. CYP1A2, 2C9 and 3A4 were found to be the major CYP isoforms involved in TMPz metabolism. Their individual contributions were assessed b) using the method of the total normalized rate to be 19.32%, 27.79% and 52.90%, respectively. It was observed that these CYP isoforms mediated the formation of HTMP in rCYP incubation. The UGT reaction phenotyping of HTMP glucuronidation was also investigated preliminarily by using a panel of 6 UGT isoforms (rUGT). UGT1A1, 1A4 and 1A6 were the predominant isoforms mediated the HTMP glucuronidation. The results above indicate that the metabolism of TMPz involves multiple enzymes mediated phase I and phase II reactions.
Animals ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Drug Interactions ; Glucuronosyltransferase ; metabolism ; Humans ; Ligusticum ; chemistry ; Microsomes, Liver ; enzymology ; NADP ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Pyrazines ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid ; metabolism ; pharmacology

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of interventional occlusion of ventricular septal rupture (VSR) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods Six patients with VSR complicated after AMI underwent transcatheter interventional occlusion in Chinese PLA General Hospital between May 2009 to May 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Their clinical features, interventional treatment protocols, and occurance of postoperative complications were studied. Results Among the 6 patients, VSR were successfully occluded in 5 patients. One patient failed the operation due to instability of occluder after it was deployed and the occluder was retrieved. The paitents died of heart failure 6 months later. Among the 5 patients with successful closure, 4 patients presented mild residual shunt after occlusion and acute left heart failure occurred in 1 patient after operation. Two patients died during hospital stay after operation. Between them, one patient died 3 hours after operation because of cardiac tamponade and the other patient died of cardiogenic shock after withdrawal from IABP. Three patients were followed up until now and follow up echocardiography showed satisfactory cardiac function without heart failure. Conclusions Transcatheter occlusion was a reliable therapy for patients with ventricular septal rupture complicated in acute myocardial infarction which could improve cardiac function and reduce mortality.

Objective To explore the peripheral blood T lymphocytes cell level in different grades of cerebral gliomas pa-tients at the time of before and after operation and its clinical significance .Methods A total of 80 cases of brain tumor patients from February 2010 to February 2012 in this hospital were chosed as study objects ,included 57 cases of glioma ,23 cases of other brain tumors ;57 cases of glioma were divided into 19 cases of low grade group and 38 cases of high grade group accorded to WHO grading standards ,and 50 cases of healthy people in same period were selected as control group .Venous blood in three groups were extracted at 1st day and 1st week after operation ,to detected the level of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and analyze the relationship between the different grade gliomas and prognosis .Results The peripheral blood CD3 + ,CD4 + ,CD4 + /CD8 + in control group were significantly higher than that of other brain tumor group and the glioma group ,CD8 + was significantly lower than that of the two groups(P< 0 .05) .Compared with other tumor group ,peripheral blood CD3 + ,CD4 + ,CD4 + /CD8 + in glioma group de-creased significantly ,CD8 + increased significantly(P< 0 .05) ;before and after the operation ,the CD3 + and CD4 + /CD8 + levels were significantly higher in low grade group than in the high grade group ,CD8 + was significantly lower in low grade group than in the high grade group(P< 0 .05) ,at the time of 1st week after operation ,CD3 + and CD4 + /CD8 + increased ,CD8 + decreased significant-ly of two groups when intra-group comparison (P < 0 .05) .The median survival time were 31 months in low grade group and 13 months in high grade group ,and the singnificance was found in two groups(P< 0 .05) .The median survival time were 34 months in CD4 + /CD8 + > 1 group and 17 months in CD4 + /CD8 + < 1 group ,the singnificance was found in two groups(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion The immune function of patients with brain glioma is inhibited ,the higher the malignancy of the tumor ,the more obvious of im-mune inhibition ;T lymphocyte subsets level could be used as evaluating index of malignant degree and prognosis of brain glioma .