Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of health education on controlling of coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis(referred to as endemic fluorosis) in Guizhou,and to provide a scientific basis for development of control strategies.Methods A total of 37 counties were selected in Guizhou province,and 3 townships were chosen in each project county.Heath educational activities were carried out in the classes of grade 5 in the Central Primary School of each selected township.In the meantime,3 villages were chosen in each selected township where the health education for women of child-bearing age in the community was carried out.Survey on knowledge questionnaire of endemic fluorosis control was conducted among 30 students of grade 5 in the Central Primary School and 15 women of childbearing age of each selected township before and after the health educational activities.Results The knowing rate of endemic fluorosis control of pupils in all the 37 counties increased from 45.03％(14637/32505) to 89.79％(52898/58910),of women of child-bearing age increased from 38.97％ (5729/14700) to 76.55％(19198/25080) after the health education.ConclusionsThe knowing rate of endemic fluorosis control among pupils and women of child-bearing age is remarkably increased after implementing the health education projects.They have better life and health habits,and the project has reached desired goal.

The content of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) which as the enzymatic hydrolysis product of benzyl glucosinolate through thioglucosidase was determined by HPLC. The content of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) which as the enzymatic hydrolysis product of benzyl glucosinolate through thioglucosidase was determined by HPLC. The chromatography condition was as follows: Kaseisorb LC ODS 2000 (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 min) column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile(A)-water( B) under gradient elution (0-5 min, 3%-8% A; 5-9 min, 8%-48% A; 9-23 min, 48%-62% A; 23-28 min, 62%-99% A); the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1) with 10 microL injection volume; detection wavelength was 246 nm and temperature of column was 40 degrees C. The content of benzyl glucosinolate was in the range of 10.76-17.91 g x L(-1). The method is simple, accurate and good reproducibility which can be used for the determination of benzyl glucosinolate in Lepidium meyenii, effectively.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Glucosinolates ; analysis ; Lepidium ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; analysis

Objective To evaluate the short and long term efficacy of self-expandable metallic stent implantation through bronchoscope in the management of the patients with malignant airway stenosis.Methods Seventy-four hospitalized patients with malignant airway stenosis during a 10-year period were selected as our subjects from Dec.2002 to Nov.2012 in the Respiratory Department of the Central Hospital of Wuhan.All these patients underwent bronchoscope for nitinol self-expandable metallic stent implantation.Clinical improvement,6min walking distance (6MWT),mMRC index,arterial blood gas,as well as early and late postoperative complications were investigated.Results A total of 77 stents were implanted,including 34 covered metallic stents and 43 uncovered metallic stents.All patients showed the obvious relief of dyspnea after the operation.6MWT at pre-operation was (172 ± 45)m and (288 ± 36)m at 28 week post-operation.Arterial blood gas was (61.34 ±6.44)mmHg at pre-opemtion and (72.12 ±6.87) mmHg at 28 week post-operation.mMRC was 3.56 ± 0.44 at pre-operation and 1.96 ± 0.37 at 28 week post-operation.All these differences were significant(P ＜ 0.01).The operation succeeded in releasing bucking of patients with esophago-tracheal fistula.Symptoms such as fever,cough,pharyngodynia,foreign body sensation and hemoptysis were observed,and all the above side effect could be solved while no serious complications arose.Conclusion Bronchoscopic insertion of metallic airway stents for malignant airway stenosis is a safe and effective procedure that could obviously relieve respiratory distress and improve the quality of life.

Objective To investigate the effect of unfractionated heparin (UFH) on the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in intestinal mucosa of mice with sepsis.Methods Thirty-six male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into sham group,cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group and UHF group,n =12 in each group.Model of intestinal injury in sepsis was induced by CLP.In sham group,the mice were exposed without ligation of cecum.In UFH group,the mice were treated intravenously with 8 U of UFH via the tail vein half an hour before the operation and 12 hours after the surgery respectively.Six mice in each group were randomly chosen at 4 hours and 24 hours after operation to collect inferior vena venous blood samples and terminalileum tissues.The serum levels of interleukins (IL-1 β,IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The serum level of D-lactate was determined by colorimetry.Pathological changes of ileum tissue and Chiu score were observed after hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining.The HO-1 expression was detected immunohistochemically.Results In sham group,no significant changes in the serum levels of IL-1 β,IL-6,TNF-α and D-lactate were observed.Twenty-four hours after the operation,the structure of intestinal mucosa was basically normal without obvious pathology change and no HO-1 positive cells were found.The serum levels of IL-1 β,IL-6,TNF-α,and D-lactate in CLP group were gradually increased,and they were significantly increased as compared with sham group [IL-1 β (ng/L):40.87±2.88 vs.22.60±2.05 at 4 hours,113.73±3.96 vs.22.07±2.74 at 24 hours;IL-6 (ng/L):63.89±3.26 vs.44.89±3.38 at 4 hours,176.56±5.45 vs.45.76±4.02 at 24 hours;TNF-α (ng/L):194.62± 14.13 vs.152.05±6.22 at 4 hours,599.62± 10.20 vs.155.90± 14.18 at 24 hours;D-lactate (mmol/L):0.24± 0.02 vs.0.19 ± 0.01 at 4 hours,0.33 ± 0.04 vs.0.20 ± 0.02 at 24 hours,all P ＜ 0.05].Twenty-four hours after the operation,edema and inflammation in ileal mucosa,intestinal villi structural damage were observed,the Chiu score was significantly higher than those in the sham group [4.5 (3.0-5.0) vs.0 (0-1.0),P ＜ 0.05],and a small amount of HO-1 positive cells were localized in the intestinal mucosa.Compared with CLP group,the serum levels of IL-1 β,IL-6,TNF-α,and D-lactate of UFH group were significantly decreased [IL-1 β (ng/L):31.53 ± 2.90 vs.40.87 ± 2.88 at 4 hours,61.13 ± 2.80 vs.113.73 ± 3.96 at 24 hours;IL-6 (ng/L):51.16 ± 5.68 vs.63.89 ± 3.26 at 4 hours,81.16 ± 4.54 vs.176.56 ± 5.45 at 24 hours;TNF-α (ng/L):171.76± 5.60 vs.194.62± 14.13 at 4 hours,328.48 ± 10.79 vs.599.62± 10.20 at 24 hours;D-lactate (mmol/L):0.21 ±0.01 vs.0.24±0.02 at 4 hours,0.24±0.02 vs.0.33±0.04 at 24 hours,all P ＜ 0.05].Twenty-four hours after the operation,intestinal injury was ameliorated,the Chiu score was significantly lower [1.5 (1.0-5.0) vs.4.5 (3.0-5.0),P ＜ 0.05],and HO-1 positive cells in the intestinal mucosa was remarkably increased.Conclusion UFH can enhance the expression of HO-1 in intestinal mucosa,reduce the release of inflammatory factors,ameliorate the intestinal inflammatory response,and thus play a protective role in intestinal tissue in mice with sepsis.

Objective To discuss the method,safety and effect of malignant pancreas tumor treated by CT guided percutaneous embedding of~(125)I. Methods 32 cases of malignant pancreas tumor with CT scan and contrast enhancement were retrospectively analysed.All the cases had been confirmed pathologically be- fore CT guided therapy.The number of~(125)I particle was 12～46,The distance between particles was 0.～1.2 cm. The number of puncture point was 1～2.The number of puncture direction was 2-5 times.Results Regarding 32 cases for 1 month,the size of the tumor reduced in 11 cases,no change in 20 cases,and increased in 1 case.As for 31 cases for 2 months,the size reduced in 16 cases,no change in 13 cases,and enlarged in 3 cases.Regarding 30 cases for 3 months,the size reduced in 18 cases,no change in 11 cases,and increased in 3 cases. Regarding 28 cases for 6 months, he size reduced in 10 cases, no change in 5 cases, and in- creased in 13 cases.Regarding 22 cases for 1 year,12 cases had been done the second therapy,the size of the tumor reduced in 16 cases,no change in 3 cases,and increased in 3 cases.Conclusion The size of pancreas tumors were reduced obviously,the symptoms were relieved after the treatment.The method turned out to be safe and accurate.

Objective To explore the association of galactose-deifcient IgA1 levels with clinical features, and further to provide guidance for individualized treatment of HSP. Methods According to the clinical symptoms and curative effect, 57 children with HSP were divided into four groups:non-HSPN group (n=26), HSPN group (n=7), refractory HSP group (n=7) and remission group (n=17). In non-HSPN group, 12 cases received glucorticoid therapy and 14 cases did not. Serum galactose-de-ifcient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) concentrations were detected using a Helix aspersa-lectin-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the total IgA1 levels were measured by ELISA. Results The serum Gd-IgA1 level was signiifcantly higher in 40 HSP children who were not cured than that in remission group and control group (P<0.05). However, there was no difference in Gd-IgA1 level between remission group and control group (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the serum Gd-IgA1 level was signiifcantly higher in HSPN group, non-HSPN group and refractory HSP, and children with refractory HSP had signiifcantly higher Gd-IgA1 level than children in non-HSPN group (P<0.05). No signiifcant difference in Gd-IgA1 level was found either between HSPN group and refractory HSP group or between HSPN group and non-HSPN group (P>0.05). Furthermore, in non-HSPN group, the serum Gd-IgA1 level in HSP children who were not treated with glucorticoid was signiifcantly higher than that in HSP children treated with glucorticoid (P<0.05). Conclusions The serum Gd-IgA1 level is associated with the disease activ-ity and curative effect of HSP, especially in children with refractory HSP, and it is thus likely to be a new non-invasive disease activity marker for guiding the proper usage of glucocorticoid and immunosuppressants in HSP children.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the affordability of 3 anti-tumor targeted drugs gefitinib,trastuzumab and sunitinib in ur-ban and rural residents of Hubei province,and to provide reference for medical insurance price admission of anti-malignant tumor targeted drugs in China. METHODS:Referring to the incidence of malignant tumor stated in statistical yearbook of Hubei province and income data of urban and rural residents in Hubei province,based on the policy of reducing the price of imported drugs by 50% mentioned in the national drug price negotiations,and assume the drugs are included in the medical insurance reimbursement list,WHO/HAI standard survey method,catastrophic expenditure evaluation method and poverty effect evaluation method were ad-opted to calculate the affordability of 3 drugs. RESULTS:According to WHO/HAI standard survey method,increment of payment for 3 drugs were 64.00%-74.00% before and after 50% discount and reimbursement. According to catastrophic expenditure evalua-tion method,50% discount of gefitinib and reimbursement gefitinib,trastuzumab and sunitinib in urban area would result in cata-strophic expenditures of 20.00%、59.28% and 35.48% patients;in rural area,would result in catastrophic expenditures of 50.63%、74.72% and 75.93% patients. According to poverty effect evaluation method,50% discount of 3 drugs and reimbursement caused less than 31.95% urban and rural patients falling to poverty. CONCLUSIONS:Fifty percentage discount of 3 anti-tumor targeted drugs mentioned in the national drug price negotiations cause the economic burden more serious for rural residents than urban resi-dents. In the formulation of policies,the corresponding reimbursement ratio should be adjusted according to urban and rural areas, drug price and disease types for a balance of patients with different economic burden.

Objective: To analyze the New Cooperative Medical System ( NCMS ) funds and Individual afford-ability of anti-tumor targeted drugs under different medical insurance entry price, and to provide the basis for establis-hing the access price for medical insurance. Methods: Choosing Conmana or Kemer ( the lung cancer targeted drug) and Herceptin (breast cancer targeted drug) to analyze the Wuhan NRCMS operating status from 2012 to 2014, use tumor surveillance data from Hubei Province during the period from 2011 to 2015;consult clinical experts to form expert consensus price, refer to the Jiangsu Province Access Price and National Negotiation Price, and explore the fund bal-ance and individual affordability when the afore-mentioned two kinds of drugs can be compensated by medical insurance under different price. Results:The basic account balances of NRCMS in Wuhan from 2016 to 2018 are-11. 948 million Yuan, 2. 513 million Yuan and 82. 955 million Yuan when Kemer can be compensated by medical insurance under Na-tional Negotiation Price. Taking the compensation of Herceptin under National Price after the bargaining, the basic ac-count balances are -26. 901 million Yuan,-35. 962 million Yuan and 17. 542 million Yuan respectively. The rate of poverty caused by illness falls to 33. 40% from 45. 85% when Conmana can be compensated by Medical Insurance un-der National Negotiation Price, while this rate falls to 45. 42% from 46. 00% for Herceptin. Conclusion:The two kinds of drugs can be afforded by the Wuhan NRCMS after the medical insurance access price is negotiated by the govern-ment, but the individual affordability of Herceptin at the National Negotiation Price is worse.

Objective To investigate the full-term newborn′s weight in Zhengzhou city and nearby areas around Zhengzhou in Henan province.Methods Each group newborn′s weight was divided with sex and city.We studied the regularity of full-term newborn′s weight,and examined the cause of the newborn′s weight rising.Results The average newborn′s weight in Zhengzhou was (3449.06?453.97) g,which in nearby areas around Zhengzhou was (3352.07?429.91) g.The average newborn′s weight in Zhengzhou was 86.97 g higher than other cities (P

Objective With the method of detecting hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid(HBV-DNA) gene in breast milk,in ordered to diagnose whether there is HBV in breast milk in those mothers whose HBsAg are positive.Methods Collected breast milk from 187 mothers whose HBsAg were positive,and complified HBV-N gene in breast milk by Nested-Polymerase chain reaction (Nested-PCR).Results Nested-PCR could detect HBV-DNA in breast milk,and the positive rate was 3.2%.Conclusion The method of detecting HBV-N gene in breast milk by Nested-PCR can detect HBV-DNA in breast milk,and it can be an laboratory evidence for whether breast feeding or not.