Background The current epidemiology study had shown the prevalence of age and sex adjusted dry eye was higher in patients with diabetes than population without diabetes.Further researches demonstrated that the tear film disturbance is common after the phacoemulsification or photocoagulation in the eyes of diabetic patients.Objective The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical features of tear film instability in diabetes patients.Methods One hundred and sixty-two patients with tear-film abnormality referred to Tongren Eye Center from January 1,2010 to September 1,2010 underwent questionnaire about diabetes and other diseases,BUT,Schirmer test.Tear film instability was diagnosed as abnormality of either Schirmer test or BUT and showed as M ( Q25,Q75 ).The right eyes of 162 dry eye patients meeting with the including criteria were enrolled.The patients were assigned to two groups according to with ( 80 patients) or without ( 82 patients) diabetes mellitum.DEQ questionnaire were scored.The percentage of cases with meibomain gland abnormal score ＞ 1 was calculated.Mann-Whitney U analysis and Chisquare analysis were used to compare the difference between the two groups.Results The Schirmer test in diabetic group was 8 ( qualities:5,9 )mm and was longer than 6 ( qualities:5,7 ) mm in non-diabetic patients ( U =2452,P =0.00).The result of BUT test was 3 ( qualities:2,4 ) seconds in diabetic patients and was shorter than 4 (qualities:3,5) seconds in non-diabetic patients( U=2104,P＜0.01 ).The DEQ score of diabetic patients was 15 ( qualities:1 0,19,which was less than21 ( qualities:19,23.25 ) in non-diabetic patients.51.2 ％ ( 41/80 ) diabetic participants and 32.9％ (27/82) nondiabetic participants appeared meibography ( grade larger than 1 ) (x2 =16.07,P=0.00).The percentages of dry eyes were 51.2％ (41/80) and 93.9％ (77/82) respectively in diabetes and nondiabetes groups(x2 =37.24,P＜0.01 ).No significant correlation was found between the diabetes course and DEQ score or meibography( r =0.16,P =0.16 ; r =0.10,P =0.36 ).Conclusions Diabetes patients with tear film instability have longer Schirmer test results,shorter BUT,more severe meibomain glands damage and lower DEQ scores.The dry eye symptom is lack in the diabetic patients though appearing the tear film and meibomain glands damage.Therefore,more attention should be given to ocular surface health in diabetes patients.

Manganese-oxidizing microorganisms are able to oxidize soluble Mn(II) into insoluble Mn oxides. Such microorganisms are very useful in treatment of Mn-contaminated water. In this research, a Mn(II)- oxidizing bacterium Bacillus sp. MK3-1 was isolated from Mn-contaminated soil. This bacterium has high MnCl2 resistance with a MIC of 20 mmol/L. The results showed that it is able to oxidize and remove more than 96% of Mn(II) in the culture medium. The immobilized solid-embedding Bacillus sp. MK3-1can re- moved 87.12% of manganese contaminated water. The final concentration of MnCl2 after the treatment reached the national discharge standard level. Scan electron microscope observation showed that the pro- duced Mn oxides located on the cell surfaces of Bacillus sp. MK3-1. Energy dispersive spectrdmeter analy- sis indicated that the content of manganese of cell surfaces of Bacillus sp. MK3-1 was 19.60% (W/W). At last we amplified a 903 bp multicopper oxidase gene mnxG encoding the putative Mn(II)-oxidizing protein.The product of mnxG showed 86% identity to the reported multicopper oxidase.

Aim To investigate the neuroprotective effects of osthole(Ost)on the primary cultured cortical neurons transfected with APP595/596 gene and its underlying mechanism.Methods Neonatal mouse cortical neurons were transfected with APP595/596 gene to establish AD cell models for the further study.Then,the cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay,and the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)was assayed by LDH kit to evaluate the injury degree.Transferase-mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL)was used to evaluate the cell apoptosis.The expression of β-amyloid peptide(Aβ)and β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1(BACE1)was measured by immunofluorescence,while the miRNA-107 was measured by RT-PCR.Results Compared to model group,Ost could significantly improve the neurons viability,decrease the LDH release and prevent the apoptosis.Ost also inhibited the expression of Aβ and BACE1 at protein level,while enhanced the expression of miRNA-107 at gene level.Conclusion Ost plays a neuroprotective role in neurons transfected with APP595/596 gene in part through up-regulating miRNA-107.

Diseases of glucose and lipid metabolism disorder,presented rather complicated pathological mechanism,often with clinical pattern of multiple concurrent diseases.Therefore,the traditional single-disease based on treatment methods need improving.In view of plenty of clinical practice,theatrical and fundamental researches,the pathological mechanisms of some chronic disorders,such as hyperlipidemia,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,type 2 diabetes,hypertension,atherosclerosis and severe cardiovascular complications,resulted from the impairment in the metabolism of glucose and lipid were investigated using the method of integrated Chinese and western medicine.Overall,the features of these diseases and their common characteristics were discovered,and accordingly we defined the new concept of glucolipid metabolic disease (GLMD) and put forward the concept of pivot liver of metabolic regulation system.In addition,we developed the therapeutic strategy of modulating liver,starting pivot and cleaning turbidity,for the comprehensive and integrated treatment and prevention of these diseases.The theory of GLMD shared the critical characteristics with precision medicine,taking its own specialty.Finally,the content and approaches for the research of GLMD were proposed,and some essential and core fields in the precision medical research for GLMD were profoundly analyzed and prospected.

AIM: To observe of cataract phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in patients with postoperative tear film, and to explore its clinical significance.
METHODS: A total of 106 patients ( 140 eyes ) undergone phacoemulsification were randomly chosen. Subjective dry foreign body sensation were observed at six nodes of period 1d, 1, 2, 3wk, and 1mo. Corneal fluorescein ( FSC ) , basal tear secretion ( SIT ) and tear film break-up time ( BUT) were used to detect functional changes of the tear film. And the correlation between tear film stability and corneal sensitivity was analyzed.
RESULTS: Dry eye cumulative score of postoperative 1d, 1, 2wk was higher than preoperative ( t= 8. 53, P=0.000;t=6. 27, P=0. 000; t=9. 02, P=0. 000). There was no significant difference in dry eye cumulative score at postoperative 3wk, 1mo compared with preoperative ( t=1.91, P= 0. 824; t= 1. 27, P= 0. 069). Corneal epithelial fluorescein staining points of postoperative 1d, 1, 2wk were increased compared with preoperative (t=11. 64, P=0. 000;t=9. 61, P=0. 000; t=8. 87, P=0. 001). There was no significant difference in corneal epithelial fluorescein staining points of postoperative 3wk and 1mo compared with preoperative (t=2. 52, P=0. 746; t=1. 16, P=0. 094). Corneal sensitivity detection values of postoperative 1d, 1, 2wk were significantly higher than that of preoperative (t=9.61, P=0.000;t=9.27, P=0.000;t=11.39, P=0.024), and there was no difference postoperative 3wk and 1mo compared with preoperative (t=1. 19, P=0. 562;t=2. 17, P=0. 501).
CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation will reduce the tear film stability in the short term, but after a long rest will be improved to a certain extent.

This thesis aimed at the Bacillus natto TK-1 screened out from Natto.The lipopeptide was purified using Thin-Layer Chromatography(TLC),and investigated its anti-tumor activity.After acid precipitation and methanol extraction,the lipopeptide was separated on TLC.Then the authors get the monomer surfactin which molecular weight is 1036Da through the High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),electro spray ionization-mass spectrometry(ESI-MS) and infrared(IR).MTT method was implied to testify the anti-tumor activity of the purified sample from TLC.The results indicated a concentration and time-dependent relationships.After 48h,their IC50 were 40 mg/L.The detection with inverted microscope fluorescence microscope displays that the surfactin will cause a series of Morphological changes to the cells.In TUNEL experiment,the authors noticed that surfactin has the ability to induce apoptosis,besides this inhibition shows an obvious time-dependent relationship.

The study was to develop cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(DDP)-loaded formulations using a novel type of self-assembled compound composed of block copolymers synthesized by poly(?-glutamic acid)(?-PGA).For the potential of targeting liver cancer cells,D-galactose was conjugated on the prepared ?-PGA.In vitro,DDP can be released from the resulting conjugate in PBS:there was a burst release during the first 8 h,then followed by sustained release.DDP could be easily incorporated into poly(?-glutamic acid)-D-galactose esterifiable derivative through a covalent bond.The yield of DDP incorporation into the esterifiable derivative was 9.4%～10.2%.In vitro experiments conclusively established that the poly(?-glutamic acid)-D-galactose esterifiable derivative-Cisplatin Complex Compound(?-D+-DDP)was much less toxic to normal cell lines than DDP only.The surviving rate of cells treated with ?-D+-DDP compound is higher than those treated with free DDP.Also it has obvious antitumor efficiency on human liver tumor BEL-7402 cells.HE staining indicated that the ?-D+-DDP compound make the BEL-7402 apoptosis.These results indicated that the conjugation of DDP to the esterifiable derivative reduced its cytotoxicity activity,but retains its antitumor activity in vitro.In conclusion,the ?-D+-DDP compound could be used as a potential clinic antitumor drug.The ?-PGA obtained by fermentation can be used as a valuable drug carrier system.

DDP could be easily incorporated into poly (?-glutamic acid)-D-galactose esterifiable derivative through a covalent bond. The yield of DDP incorporation into the ?-PGA was 9.4%～10.2%. The DDP was released in the initial 8h in a burst manner,and thereafter in a sustained manner. The results that the conjugation of DDP to poly (?-glutamic acid)-D-galactose esterifiable derivative not only reduced the toxicity of the DDP but also enhanced antitumor activity and the targeting ability. The vivo experiments conclusively established that the ?-D+-DDP compound was much less toxic to animals than DDP alone. A direct evaluation showed that mice treated with ?-D+-DDP compound at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg displayed significant tumor regression. Furthermore,the implanted solid tumors disappeared completely from 35% of the H22 tumor-bearing mice after ?-D+-DDP compound administration. The aforementioned results of biodistributions of the prepared ?-D+-DDP compound in various organs in normal mice demonstrated that the ?-D+-DDP compound had a specific interaction with liver's parenchymal cells and H22 hepatocellular carcinoma tumor cells via ligand receptor recognition. In conclusion,the results indicated that the ?-D+-DDP compound prepared can effectively target the site of hepatoma tumor via the recognition and significantly reduce its size. The ?-D+-DDP compound was less toxic than the free DDP,and could effectively reduce xenografted H22 hepatocellular carcinoma cells in KM mice and prolong the survival of KM mice grafted with H22 hepatocellular carcinoma tumor cells. Therefore,the prepared ?-D+-DDP compound may be used as a potential drug delivery system for the targeted delivery to liver cancers or other liver diseases.

To observe the expression of N - cadherin and fibronectin in retinal pigment epithelium ( RPE) cells in vitro under high glucose conditions, furthermore, to explore the effects of high glucose on epithelial -mesenchymal transition (EMT) in RPE cells.
●METHODS: Human RPE (hRPE) cells were cultured in vitro. Containing a final concentration of 60mmol/ L glucose was used for high glucose treatment. The cells were divided into normal glucose group (5. 5mmol/ L, NG) and high glucose group (24, 48 and 72h) respectively. The expression of N - cadherin and fibronectin in hRPE cells were evaluated by immunofluorescence and real -time PCR.
●RESULTS:RPE cells became disorganized and swollen over time under high glucose conditions, especially in 72h subgroup. lmmunohistochemical analysis revealed that the expression of N - cadherin in RPE cells under high glucose conditions was decreased compared with that in the control group, while the expression of fibronectin was increased. Real - time PCR results showed that the expression of N - cadherin mRNA in high glucose group was decreased at 24h compared with that in the control group, and declined markedly at 72h ( F = 12. 252, P =0. 000). There were no significant differences between the control group and the high glucose group at 24h, while the differences between the control group and the high glucose group (48 and 72h) were significant respectively (P < 0. 05 ). Meanwhile, the expression of fibronectin mRNA in RPE cells was increased in high glucose group at 24h, and reached the peak at 72h (F = 50. 543, P = 0. 000). There were no significant differences between the control group and the high glucose group at 24h. Compared with the control group, the expression of fibronectin mRNA in hRPE cells was increased significantly in high glucose group (48 and 72h) respectively (P= 0. 000, P= 0. 000).
●CONCLUSlON: The expression of epithelium marker N-cadherin is down - regulated under high glucose conditions in hRPE cells in vitro. Meanwhile, the expression of mesenchymal maker fibronectin is induced and appeared to EMT changes. Results of this study will enrich our growing understanding in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and hopefully lead to novel insights for the pathogenesis and therapeutic treatments.

To investigate the gene mutation in a pedigree with X-linked ichthyosis (XLI) and to explore the relationship between the mutation and its clinical manifestations, genomic DNA of affected members, the normal member of the pedigree and 50 unrelated normal members was extracted with a whole blood genomic DNA extraction kit and the DNA was used as a template for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-mediated amplification of exon 1 and exon 10 of the STS gene. hHb6 (human hair basic keratin) gene was used as the internal control. Our results showed that the STS gene was deleted in affected members in the pedigree with X-linked ichthyosis. The normal member of the pedigree and 50 unrelated normal members had no such deletion. The proband and his mother had products in the internal control after PCR amplification. The blank control had no product. It is concluded that deletion of the STS gene existed in this pedigree with X-linked ichthyosis, and it is responsible for the unique skin lesions of X-linked ichthyosis.
Gene Deletion ; Ichthyosis, X-Linked/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Steryl-Sulfatase/*genetics