Animals ; China ; Hantavirus Infections ; veterinary ; Rodent Diseases ; virology

The Janus kinase -signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway plays pivotal roles in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis, which is closely related with the development of hematopoietic cells and some hematological diseases. As an important signaling axis in JAK-STAT pathway, abnormally activated JAK2-STAT signaling is involved in the development of the hematological malignancies. JAK2V617F mutation is the important molecular pathogenesis of myeloproliferative disorders. Recent studies have demonstrated that JAK2 mutations are present in different acute leukemia subtypes and the frequency of mutations is different and that JAK2 mutations might be closely correlated with acute leukemia formation, treatment and prognosis. The pathogenic mechanism of JAK2 mutations has not been completely elucidated. JAK2 mutations might lead to JAK-STAT overactivation, resulting in the excessive proliferation, apoptosis resistance and differentiation blocking of blood cells. JAK2 inhibitors have been rapidly developed as targeted therapies for hematological disorders with JAK2 mutations. This article mainly focuses on recent studies about the role of JAK2 mutations in the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics and targeted therapies of acute leukemia.
Humans ; Janus Kinase 2 ; genetics ; physiology ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Mutation ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics ; STAT Transcription Factors ; physiology ; Signal Transduction

Oroxylum indicum was a traditional Chinese medicine. In order to study the chemical constituents from the seed of O. indicum, the chemical constituents of 80% methanol extract of seeds of O. indicum were subjected to chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC, leading to the isolation of eleven compounds. The structures were identified by various spectroscopic data including ESI-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR data as oroxin B (1), chrysin (2), baicalein (3), neglectein (4), quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopy ranoside (5), quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), 2α,3β-dihydroxylluPeol (7), lupeol (8), rengyol (9), β-sitostero (10), and stigmasterol (11). Among them, compound 5 were firstly obtained from O. indicum.
Bignoniaceae ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Seeds ; chemistry

In recent years, great progress has been made in the treatment outcome of childhood acute leukemia with the improvement of chemotherapy regimens and the introduction of risk-stratified therapy; however, minimal residual disease (MRD) is still a difficult problem which affects the prognosis of acute leukemia. MRD influences the selection of chemotherapy regimens and recurrence risk stratification, and meanwhile, it can be used for prognostic prediction. At present, flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction are mainly used for MRD detection. The next-generation sequencing also plays an important role in MRD detection, especially in MRD detection after stem cell transplantation. This article reviews the methodology and significance of MRD detection in childhood acute leukemia.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Neoplasm, Residual ; diagnosis ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Prognosis

Objective To explore the incidence rate of people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) which transferred to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to study the related influencing factors. Methods 600 MCI aged people were experienced screening test which was conducted by WHO-BCA, MMSE and DCR. A three-year follow-up study was conducted to get the information on the aged people with MCI. Data related to demography, behavior, chronic diseases and perception of the elderly with MCI were collected through face to face interview. Characteristics of the elderly with MCI aged people were tested by 16PF. The content of Apoe was tested by PCR.People with NC were investigated by telephone to get the progression and the time to AD.Methodologies on statistics were log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression model.Results The incidence rate of MCI to AD was 6.53% person-years. The incidence rate of the normal people to AD was 1.24% person-years. The hazard of MCI to AD was 5.27 times (95%CI: 3.01-9.82)of the normal people to AD. The result of Cox proportional hazards regression model displayed that: older age (RR=3.14, 95% CI: 2.98-7.46) , hypertension (RR=3.28, 95% CI: 3.02-8.48) ,hyperlipermia (RR = 2.22,95%CI: 1.29-3.82), diabetes (RR=4.87,95%CI: 2.56-9.25), lack of sports (RR=2.02, 95%CI: 1.29-3.14), anxiety (RR=4.46, 95%CI: 3.07-8.14), dread fulness (RR=4.08,95% CI: 3.52-5.25), loneliness (RR= 1.89,95% CI: 1.13-3.16), characteristics of anxiety (RR= 5.07,95%CI: 2.56-10.04, introvert characteristics (RR=2.05,95%CI: 1.33-3.15) and ApoE4 (RR= 1.73,95% CI: 1.15-2.63) were the risk factors of MCI to AD. Higher education (RR=0.29, 95% CI:0.07-0.43), intellectual work(RR=0.14,95%CI: 0.05-0.32), often reading books(RR=0.30,95%CI:0.15-0.58), often taking part in recreational activities (RR=0.41,95%CI: 0.23-0.75) seemed to be the protective of MCI to AD. Conclusion The rate of the elderly with MCI that developing to AD was high, suggesting further study on the cognitive situation among the MCI aged people should be carried out.

OBJECTIVEThe anemia of chronic disease (ACD) is usually defined as mild to moderate anemia occurring during the chronic infection, inflammation, neoplasm or trauma. It is the most common anemia among in-hospital adults. The insufficient endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) production is probably one of the pathogenic mechanisms of ACD. Inflammatory cytokines play an important role in the ACD pathogenesis. But nowadays there are few published papers on the childhood ACD in the world. This study aimed to detect the EPO levels in children's ACD, to explore the relationship between EPO and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and, to evaluate the effect of recombinant human TNF alpha (rhTNF-alpha) on EPO gene expression.

METHODSSixty children were divided into ACD group (20 children), non-anemia (NA) group (19 children) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) group (21 children) according to clinical diagnosis. Serum TNF alpha and IL-6 levels were detected with ELISA method. The EPO level was detected by chemical immulite method. The effect of rhTNF alpha on the expression of EPO gene was studied by culturing Hep G2 cell line and RT-PCR method.

RESULTSSerum EPO levels were different among the 3 groups (F = 44.68, P < 0.01). Serum EPO levels in ACD group were higher than those in NA group, while the hemoglobin levels were similar between the two groups. Serum EPO levels in ACD patients were lower than those in IDA patients. Serum TNF alpha levels were different among the 3 groups (F = 25.15, P < 0.01), and serum IL-6 levels were also different among the 3 groups (F = 13.16, P < 0.01). Serum TNF alpha and IL-6 levels in ACD group were higher than those in NA group. In ACD group, serum levels of both TNF alpha and IL-6 were not correlated to the serum level of EPO (r = -0.35, P > 0.05 and r = -0.05, P > 0.05, respectively). In vitro, rhTNF alpha inhibited the expression of EPO mRNA in hypoxia, and the inhibitory effects became stronger with the increase of rhTNF alpha (F = 64.20, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONEPO levels increased incompensatively in ACD children, which may be a cause of ACD. TNF alpha may cause anemia by inhibiting EPO production.

Anemia ; blood ; genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chronic Disease ; Erythropoietin ; blood ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; metabolism ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVEEven in secular societies, a small portion of patients find their spirituality to help cope with illness. But for the majority of patients, psychosocial and spiritual needs are neither addressed nor even considered a relevant factor by health care professionals. To measure such specific needs, the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ) was developed. The aim of this study was to validate the Chinese version of the SpNQ (SpNQ-Ch) and thus to measure psychosocial and spiritual needs of Chinese patients.

METHODSThis was a cross-sectional study among 168 patients with chronic diseases who were recruited in the Changhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China using standardized questionnaires. We performed reliability and factor analyses, as well as analyses of variance, first order correlations and regression analyses.

RESULTSThe 17-item SpNQ-Ch had a similar factorial structure as the original version with two main and three minor factors which accounted for 64% of variance, and internal consistency estimates (Cronbach's α) ranging from 0.51 to 0.81. Included were the 4-item scale Inner Peace Needs, the 5-item scale Giving/Generativity Needs, the 5-item scale Religious Needs (with 2 sub-constructs, Praying and Sources), and a 3-item scale Reflection/Release Needs. In Chinese patients with cancer (63%), pain affections (10%), or other chronic conditions (23%), the needs for Giving/Generativity (which refer to categories of Connectedness and Meaning) and Inner Peace Needs scored highest, while Religious Needs and the Reflection/Release Needs scored lower.

CONCLUSIONThe SpNQ-Ch is congruent with its primary version, and can be used in future studies with the mostly nonreligious patients from China. First findings indicate specific psychosocial and spiritual needs which should be addressed by health care professionals to support patients in their struggle with chronic illness in terms of psycho-emotional stabilization, finding hope and meaning, and thus achieving peaceful states of mind despite chronic illness.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; Chronic Disease ; psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Personal Satisfaction ; Spirituality ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; standards ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore Mechanisms of electroacupuncture in anti-inflammation and immunoregulation, and to compare differences among "Dazhui" (GV 14), "Mingmen "(GV 4) and non-acupoint in these actions.

METHODSAdjuvant arthritis rat model was made. The rats were divided into 5 groups: normal group, model group, "Dazhui" (GV 14) electroacupuncture group, "Mingmen" (GV 4) electroacupuncture group and non-acupoint electroacupuncture group. Effects of electroacupuncture on local joint inflammation and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), beta-endorphin (betaEP) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) contents in the hypothalamus were observed and differences of the actions among different points were compared.

RESULTSCRH content in the hypothalamus in the "Dazhui" (GV 14) electroacupuncture group decreased as compared with the model group (P < 0.05); there was no significant change in beta-EP and IL-2 contents of the hypothalamus in the 3 electroacupuncture groups as compared with the model group (P > 0.05); there was positive correlation between CRH and IL-2 contents, and between IL-2 and beta-EP contents in the hypothalamus. The swelling rate of the toe in the "Dazhui" (GV 14) group and the "Mingmen" (GV 4) group was lower than that in the non-acupoint group (P < 0 05).

CONCLUSIONElectroacupuncture exerts anti-inflammation and immunoregulation possibly via regulation of CRH, IL-2 and beta-EP each other, and the anti-inflammation action of "Dazhui" (GV 14) and "Mingmen" (GV 4) is stronger than that of non-acupoint.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental ; Electroacupuncture ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; Interleukin-2 ; Rats

Comminuted fracture of distal femur is a common lower limb injury from traffic accidents, especially from motor accidents. Routine dynamic condylar screw (DCS) or 95-degree condylar plate (CP) sometimes cannot solve the bone defect in the center of alignment and contralateral diaphysis for the reason of absent screw anchor point, especially for AO C2.2-2.3 types. Many authors recommended open reduction and fixation with less invasive stabilization system (LISS) as the treatment of choice, but there are still problems in fusion and alignment. In this study, we reported our experiences with the use of bone splint technique in the high-energy commimuted fracture of distal femur with central and medial bone defect in adolescents.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Comminuted ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Splints

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the CCCG-97 and BFM-90 protocols in the treatment of pediatric patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL) retrospectively, and to explore the optimal therapeutic strategy.

METHODSForty-five consecutive untreated patients (age of 18 years or less) with newly diagnosed B-NHL (including Burkitt Lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma), treated in our hospital between July 1999 and December 2008 were enrolled in this study. The patients were classified into 2 groups by different protocols. From July 1999 to December 2004, twenty-one 3- to 13.8-year-old children were enrolled in the CCCG-97 group, with 1 in stage I/II, and 20 in stage III/IV(St Jude staging). From January 2005 to December 2008, twenty-four 2.8- to 14.1-year-old cases were enrolled in the BFM-90 group, with 3 in stage I/II, and 21 in stage III/IV (St Jude staging). The survival rates were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis.

RESULTSForty of the 45 patients (88.9%) reached complete response (CR) after 2 courses of chemotherapy. In the CCCG-97 group, the CR rate was 95.2% (20/21 pts), while that in the BFM-90 group was 83.3% (20/24 pts). At a median follow-up time of 62 (17 to 131) months, the 5-year event-free survival (EFS) was 71.8% for all patients, and 69.1% for Stage III/IV, respectively. In the CCCG-97 group, the 3-year EFS was 76.2%. In the BFM-90 group, it was 75.0%. There was no significant difference in survival rates between the CCCG-97 and BFM-90 groups (P=0.975). Unfavorable events recorded were as follows: Death of progression before achieving CR during induction therapy in 4 cases, and relapse after achieving CR in 6 cases. The relapse rates were 19.0% (4/21 pts) in the CCCG-97 group and 8.3% (2/24 pts) in the BFM-90 group, with a non-significant statistical difference (P=0.292). Major toxicities were myelosuppression and mucositis, especially in the BFM-90 group, but were tolerable and manageable. five patients in the BFM-90 group received rituximab, 2 patients (Stage III) achieved CR, while the other 3 patients (Stage IV) had progressive disease or relapse.

CONCLUSIONSShort-pulse and intensive chemotherapy, stratified according to stage of disease, can improve the survival rate of pediatric mature B-NHL. The efficacy of the CCCG-97 protocol and BFM-90 protocol is comparable and the toxicity is tolerable.

Adolescent ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Mucositis ; chemically induced ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Remission Induction ; Retrospective Studies ; Rituximab ; Survival Rate