OBJECTIVETo determine the equilibrium solubility of pulchinenosiden D in different solvents and its n-octanol/water partition coefficients.

METHODCombining shaking flask method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect the n-octanol/water partition coefficients of pulchinenosiden D, the equilibrium solubility of pulchinenosiden D in six organic solvents and different pH buffer solution were determined by HPLC analysis.

RESULTn-Octanol/water partition coefficients of pulchinenosiden D in different pH were greater than zero, the equilibrium solubility of pulchinenosiden D was increased with increase the pH of the buffer solution. The maximum equilibrium solubility of pulchinenosiden D was 255.89 g x L(-1) in methanol, and minimum equilibrium solubility of pulchinenosiden D was 0.20 g x L(-1) in acetonitrile.

CONCLUSIONUnder gastrointestinal physiological conditions, pulchinenosiden D exists in molecular state and it has good absorption but poor water-solubility, so increasing the dissolution rate of pulchinenosiden D may enhance its bioavailability.

1-Octanol ; chemistry ; Acetonitriles ; chemistry ; Biological Availability ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kinetics ; Methanol ; chemistry ; Pulsatilla ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Solvents ; chemistry ; Water ; chemistry

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathology and the expression of H3K27me3 in retroperitoeal malignant pe-ripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST). Methods The clini-copathology and prognosis of 13 cases MPNST were analyzed. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect H3K27me3 in MPNST, synovial sarcoma, dedifferentiated liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. Results 13 cases of MPNST were high-grade. The mean diameter of tumors was 20 cm. 2-year survival rate of MPNST was about 60% . 5-year survival rate of MPNST was a-bout 30% . Compared to NF-1 associated and sporadic MPNST (P＜0. 05), the RT-induced MPNST had a poor prognosis. Re-currence and distant metastasis patient had a poor prognosis( P＜0. 05). Age had no significant effect on patient survival. In addition, immunohistochemical staining showed that the expres-sion of H3k27me3 was absent in 11 of 13 cases of MPNST. And compared with the expression of H3K27me3 in synovial sarco-ma, dedifferentiated liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma, it had statistical significance of that expression in MPNST (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Retroperitoeal MPNST is common at high-grade. Tumor volume is relatively large and prognosis is poor. RT-in-duced, recurrence and distant metastasis play an important role in survival rate of MPNST. H3K27me3 which is more common absence in high-grade could be an effective marker of MPNST.

OBJECTIVETo compare the results of application of Qu single abdominal aorta clamping for bloodless hepatectomy and Pringle hepatectomy in 118 cases of liver tumors.

METHODSThe clinical data of 118 patients, including 59 patients undergoing Qu single abdominal aorta clamping for bloodless hepatectomy (Group QG) and 59 patients undergone Pringle first hepatic portal clamping hepatectomy (Group PG) since March 2009 in the Ningbo Tumor Hospital and Jiangxi Provincial Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The changes of blood pressure, oxygen saturation, urine volume, intravenous fluid volume, amount of bleeding, time of abdominal aorta (or first hepatic portal) clamping, duration of operation and anesthesia, and other intraoperative indexes of the two groups were compared, and the changes of peritoneal drainage, blood tests, liver functions, etc. before operation and 1, 3, 7, 14 days after the hepatectomy in the two groups were also analyzed.

RESULTSAfter taking appropriate measures for intraoperative blood pressure control, only small fluctuations of blood pressure, which could be safely adjusted and controlled with stable vital signs, was observed in the group QG. The amount of intraoperative bleeding in the group QG was (96.25 ± 18.45) ml, significantly less than (536.25 ± 35.65) ml in the group PG (P < 0.05). In the group QG, both the duration of operation time [(227.58 ± 28.20) min] and duration of anesthesia [(249.48 ± 31.35) min] were significantly shorter than that [(261.46 ± 32.12) min and (286.58 ± 35.62) min, respectively] in the group PG (both P < 0.05). The postoperative liver dysfunction in the group QG was also milder than that in the group PG (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSFor liver tumor patients, Qu single abdominal aorta clamping for bloodless hepatectomy can basically achieve the goal of bloodless hepatectomy. This surgical operation is simple and safe, worthy of recommendation to skillful liver surgeons in hospitals there are some difficulties of blood supply.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Aorta, Abdominal ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Blood Pressure ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; blood ; surgery ; Constriction ; Female ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; blood ; surgery ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Operative Time ; Portal Vein ; Retrospective Studies ; Serum Albumin ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo compare the diagnostic value of (18)F-FDG PET-CT with abdomen contrast CT in the diagnosis of peritoneal metastases.

METHODSBetween January 2008 and May 2011, imaging results of 97 patients with suspicious peritoneal metastases were retrospectively reviewed, and all the patients underwent both abdomen contrast CT and (18)F-FDG PET-CT imaging. Final diagnosis was made by histopathology or follow up.

RESULTSSeventy-seven patients were verified as peritoneal metastases after pathological examination(n=88) or follow up(n=9), while the other 20 patients were absent. The sensitivity of (18)F-FDG PET-CT was 90.9%(70/77), the specificity 85.0%(17/20), and the accuracy 89.7%(87/97). There were 3 false positive and 7 false negative. The sensitivity of contrast CT was 66.2%(51/77), the specificity 80.0%(16/20), and the accuracy 69.1%(67/97). There were 4 false positive and 26 false negative. The difference in diagnostic accuracy was statistically significantly between these two methods(P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe diagnostic value of (18)F-FDG PET-CT is significantly higher than that of abdominal enhanced CT for peritoneal metastases.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peritoneal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; secondary ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

Objective To compare diagnostic value of ~(18)F-fluoredeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT with contrast-enhanced CT in detecting primary hepatic carcinoma and postoperative recurrence.Methods Twenty-five cases of primary hepatic carcinoma or postoperative recurrent tumor underwent whole-body ~(18)F-FDG PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT within one week's interval.They were retrospectively reviewed and the difierences between these two modalities were investigated.Results Of these 25 cases,there were 13 cases with primary hepatocellular carcinoma.1 case with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and 11 cases with postoperative recurrence.The sensitivity of 18 F-FDG PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT in diagnosing primary hepatic carcinoma was 78.6%(11/14) and 92.9%(13/14),and sensitivity in diagnosing postoperative recurrent was 100.0%(11/11) and 63.6%(7/11) respectively.Conclusion Contrast-enhanced CT may have a slight advantage over PET/CT in detecting primary hepatic carcinoma,but ~(18)F-FDG PET/CT combined with contrast-enhanced CT has even greater accuracy.Meanwhile,~(18)F-FDG PET/CT has better diagnostic accuracy in detection of postoperative recurrent tumor.

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of a novel marker, kidney-specific-protein (Ksp)-cadherin, in renal epithelial neoplasms and its clinicopathologic significance.

METHODSImmunohistochemical study (using EnVision method) for Ksp-cadherin, CD10, vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen and CK7 was carried out in normal human kidney samples, as well as in 166 cases of primary renal neoplasms (including 120 cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), 20 cases of papillary RCC (type I papillary RCC 15 cases and type II papillary RCC 5 cases), 18 cases of chromophobe RCC and 8 cases of oncocytoma).

RESULTSKsp-cadherin was expressed in distal convoluted tubules of normal kidney in a membranous pattern. It was also detected in 23% (27/120) of clear cell RCC, 20% (4/20) of papillary RCC, 100% (18/18) of chromophobe RCC and 75% (6/8) of oncocytoma. High expression of CD10 and vimentin was noted in clear cell RCC and papillary RCC. CD10 was also expressed in chromophobe RCC in cytoplasmic pattern, compared with membranous staining in the other tumors. CK7 expression was mainly seen in chromophobe RCC and papillary RCC, while epithelial membrane antigen was expressed in all variants of RCC. On the other hand, the expression of Ksp-cadherin in clear cell RCC correlated with tumor stage and grade.

CONCLUSIONSKsp-cadherin is expressed in normal distal convoluted tubules and the related neoplasms. It carries relatively high specificity and sensitivity in diagnosis of chromophobe RCC and oncocytoma. The expression of Ksp-cadherin also correlates with biologic behavior of clear cell RCC.

Adenoma, Oxyphilic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Kidney Tubules ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neprilysin ; metabolism ; Vimentin ; metabolism

OBJECTIVESTo explore the effects and significance of Huanshuai Recipe Oral Liquid (, HSR), a formula with supplementing qi, nourishing blood and activating blood on restructuring glomerular microvasculature and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in subtotal nephrectomized (SNX) rats.

METHODSA total of 76 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: 16 in the sham-operated group and fed with tap water 10 mL/kg per day; 20 in the model group were operated with 5/6 SNX and fed with tap water 10 mL/ kg per day; 20 SNX rats in the HSR group were treated with HSR 10 mL/kg per day; 20 SNX rats in the losartan group were treated with losartan 40 mg/kg per day. Serum creatinine (SCr) and urinary protein excretion (Upro) were examined at the 2nd, 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks of the treatment, and the remnant kidneys were harvested. Changes in histological microstructure were evaluated using light microscopy, and the expression of VEGF was detected by using ELISA.

RESULTSUpro, microvasculature injury and glomerulosclerosis were found to be alleviated in HSR and Losartan groups, respectively. The change of VEGF expression showed positive correlation with glomerular capillary area and peritubular capillary number (r=0.448, r=0.422, P<0.01), but negative correlation with that of SCr and Upro (r=-0.592, r=-0.481, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSHSR could regulate the VEGF expression, reduce the loss of microvasculature, which demonstrated similar renal protective effects to losartan in SNX rats. Examination of Chinese herbal medicine influence on VEGF signaling and restructuring renal microvasculature may elucidate the molecular mechanism of renal protection to a certain degree.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Capillaries ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Collagen Type IV ; metabolism ; Creatinine ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Extracellular Matrix ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Fibronectins ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney Cortex ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Kidney Function Tests ; Kidney Glomerulus ; blood supply ; drug effects ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Microvessels ; drug effects ; Nephrectomy ; Proteinuria ; blood ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Time Factors ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

This study is to explore the mechanism and effect of N, N'-di-(m-methylphenyl)-3, 6-dimethyl-1, 4-dihydro-1, 2, 4, 5-tetrazine-1, 4-dicarboamide (ZGDHu-1) on proliferation and apoptosis of A549 cells in vitro and on A549 xenograft tumor in nude mice. With different concentrations of ZGDHu-1 at different times were used to treat A549 cells in vitro. The proliferation was determined by living cell count, SRB assay and Brdu-ELISA. Cell apoptosis was determined by cell morphology, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA content, Annexin V/PI and Hoechst 33258 labeling method. The nude mice model of A549 xenograft tumor was established by subcutaneous inoculation. The suppression activity of ZGDHu-1 by intraperitoneal injection on xenograft mice model was detected. The expressions of bcl-2, bax and p53 gene and protein were analyzed by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. ZGDHu-1 can inhibit A549 cell proliferation viability within a certain range of treating time and does, and a majority of A549 cells were arrested in G2-M phase. The A549 cells apoptosis was confirmed by typical cell morphology, DNA fragment, Sub G1 phase, Hoechst 33258 and Annexin V/PI labeling method with a time and dose related manner. When the xenograft tumor mice model were treated with 10, 20 and 40 mg x kg(-1) ZGDHu-1 for 14 days, the tumor growth inhibition rate were 43.7%, 56.9% and 60.0%, respectively. The expression of bax, bax/bcl-2 and p53 gene and protein increased significantly and bcl-2 decreased slightly by the treatment of ZGDHu-1. ZGDHu-1 can significantly suppress the growth of A549 xenograft tumor in vivo and inhibited proliferation by inducing tumor cell apoptosis in vitro. The mechanism may associate with its up-regulation of bax and p53 during the apoptosis process.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate clinicopathological features, molecular genetic characteristics, differential diagnoses and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma in teenagers.

METHODSMicroscopic and immunohistochemical features of 46 cases of renal cell carcinomas in teenagers were reviewed along with the clinical follow-up data. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH), analysis of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene and screening for VHL gene mutations were performed in all of the tumors.

RESULTSThere were 19 Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions renal clear cell carcinomas (Xp11 RCCs), 9 chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (CCRCCs), 17 papillary renal cell carcinomas (PRCCs), and 1 unclassified renal cell carcinoma (RCC). All of the 19 Xp11.2 translocation RCCs showed a moderate to strong immunoreactivity for TFE, however, no TFEB expression was obtained. There were 4 histological patterns in the Xp11 RCC cases including: 8 tumors possessing a nested to papillary architecture resembling to the t(X;17) ASPL-TFE3 phenotype; 6 tumors possessing a morphologic feature like the t(X;1) PRCC-TFE3 phenotype; 4 cases morphologically resembling to clear cell RCC; and 1 Xp11 RCC case, with a special morphologic feature not searched yet in the literature, including a ground glass appearance of the nuclei accompanying occasionally with grooves on the nuclear surface; nucleoli inconspicuous with accumulation of abundant mucin-like substance in the stroma. VHL gene analysis revealed deletions at 3p25-26 in one clear cell RCC and one papillary type 2 RCC. The papillary type 2 RCC had also a family history of VHL disease, with a germline G→C mutation at a splicing site of position 553+5. There were no VHL mutations detected in the remaining 45 RCCs. Statistical analysis of tumor stage and outcome revealed that TFE+ RCCs of teen-agers were more frequently associated with a higher pT3/pT4 stage and a poorer outcome than that of the TFE-RCCs (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSRCCs of the teenagers have a different morphologic spectrum and genetic background from the RCCs seen in adults. Among RCCs of the teen-agers, Xp11.2 translocation tumors are the most common RCCs and have a poorer prognosis than that of the TFE-RCCs.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Chromosomes, Human, X ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gene Fusion ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Male ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neprilysin ; metabolism ; Phenotype ; Survival Rate ; Translocation, Genetic ; Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein ; genetics ; Young Adult ; von Hippel-Lindau Disease ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the expression and clinical significance of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in primary and metastatic renal epithelial neoplasms.

METHODSA total of 136 cases of kidney neoplasms were retrospectively reviewed including 63 primary clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), 22 papillary RCCs, 13 chromophobe RCCs, 7 oncocytomas, 7 RCCs associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusions and 24 metastatic clear cell RCCs. Immunostaining for KIM-1 and kidney-specific-protein (Ksp)-cadherin were performed and the relationship to tumor stage and grade in clear cell RCCs was investigated.

RESULTSExpression of KIM-1 was detected in 77.8% (49/63) of clear cell RCCs, 90.9% (20/22) of papillary RCCs, 1/13 of chromophobe RCCs, 7/7 of RCCs associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusions and 87.5%(21/24) of the metastatic RCCs, but not detected in 7 cases of oncocytomas. A diffuse expression of KIM-1 was more frequently observed in Furhman nuclear grade III/IV clear cell RCCs (P = 0.010). Ksp-cadherin expression was mainly observed in chromophobe RCCs and oncocytomas.

CONCLUSIONSKIM-1 is a specific biomarker for injuried kidney proximal tubules and the corresponding neoplasms, and has a high specificity and sensitivity for primary or metastatic clear cell RCCs, papillary RCCs and RCCs associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusions. Combination of KIM-1 and Ksp-cadherin immunostaining can lead to a more precise histological classification of primary kidney epithelial neoplasms and improve the diagnostic accuracy of metastatic RCCs.

Adenoma, Oxyphilic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Bone Neoplasms ; metabolism ; secondary ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Chromosomes, Human, X ; Gene Fusion ; Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; secondary ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial ; classification ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Receptors, Virus ; metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Translocation, Genetic