The clinical value of whole body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) as an imaging tool in diagnosis of ophthalmic tumors was investigated.The retrospective observational case series were performed on the patients with suspected ophthalmic tumors who underwent whole body PET/CT.The golden standard of diagnosis was the final pathological diagnosis or the results of long-term follow-up for patients without surgery/ biopsy.PET/CT findings were compared with the golden standard.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy and positive likelihood ratio of PET/CT in the detection of ophthalmic tumors were calculated.The clinical application of PET/CT in different types of ophthalmic tumors was evaluated.The results showed that 30 patients (18 males and 12 females) with a mean age of 43.0 years (range 4-63 years) were collected.The mean sizes of orbital tumors and intraocular tumors were 26.8 mm×17.8 mm and 11.2 mm×6.1 mm,respectively.The overall sensitivity,specificity,accuracy and positive likelihood ratio of whole body PET/CT in ophthalmic tumors were 76.5％,71.4％,75.0％ and 2.67,and were 62.5％,100％ and 70.0％ in intraocular tumors,and those were 100％,60.0％ and 84.6％ in orbital tumors,respectively.PET/CT findings were applied to help make appropriate treatment options in 27 out of 30 patients (90.0％),and 12 (40.0％) patients changed the treatment strategy.False negative results in 4 cases and false positive results in 2 cases were observed in this series.It was suggested that PET/CT was an effective imaging modality in detecting,diagnosing and developing therapeutic schedule for patients with ophthalmic tumors.It was more sensitive and accurate for detecting orbital tumors than for detecting intraocular tumors.

Objective To explore the effect of community comprehensive intervention on stroke-prevention-related knowledge, belief and behavior of hypertensive patients. Methods The community-based comprehensive interventions were done to 77 hypertensive patients, with the measures including archives establishment, hypertension-phased management, regular follow-up and multi-mode health education. The stroke-prevention-related knowledge, belief and behavior of them were assessed by the stroke-preventing knowledge questionnaire (SPKQ), champion′s health belief model scale (CHBMS) and (stroke-prevention behavior questionnaire,SPBQ) before and after the intervention. Results Their knowledge on daily-life and pre-stroke symptoms and part of their behaviors (health duty, physical exercises and stress management after the intervention were superior, as compared to the pre-intervention (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in other stroke-related knowledge and behaviors and health belief in comparison of the pre-and post-intervention (P>0.05). Conclusion The community-based intervention can improve parts of stroke prevention knowledge and health behavior among hypertensive patients. The intervention needs to be modified based on ecological models of health promotion and health belief model.

Objective To evaluate the clinico-pathologic presentations and prognosis in the very elderly patients undergoing renal biopsy.Methods The patients who underwent renal biopsy in Nephrology Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were screened from May 2012 to March 2016.All patients were divided into observation group (aged ≥80 years) and control group (aged 65-70 years).The clinico-pathological classifications and prognosis were compared between the two groups.Results Primary glomerulopathy was the most frequent pathologic diagnosis in observation and control groups[20(60.6％) and 64(64.0％),respectively,P=0.726].Among primary glomerulopathy,membranous nephropathy was the most frequent histopathological type[10(50.0％) and 40 (62.5％)] in observation and control groups,respectively,(P =0.320).Among secondary glomerulopathy,the number of patients in observation group were 10 cases (30.3％) and were 13 cases (13.0％) in control group (t=5.194,P＜0.05),with no significant differences between the two groups in amyloid degeneration,ANCA-associated vasculitis,HBV-associated Glomerulonephritis,and nephritis of Schonlein-Henoch purpura.In the very elderly patients with nephrotic syndrome,glomerular minimal change was the most common histological type [7 (30.4％)],followed by membranous nephropathy[6 (26.1％)].Furthermore,there were no side effects of perinephric hematoma,gross hematuria,arteriovenous fistula or other complications.Conclusions The pathological types distribution of patients aged ≥ 80 versus 65-70 years is different.And the renal biopsy is relatively safe and has an important role for the very elderly patients.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral endotracheal intubation in the patients with difficult laryngoscopy undergoing general anesthesia.

METHODSA total of 1 683 patients with difficult laryngoscopy, aged 1.5-67 yr, and scheduled for the elective plastic surgery were observed in this study from 1989-1997. All these patients were at American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status I. According to the preoperative predictive results for difficult laryngoscopy, we classified these patients into two groups: Group I included 1 375 patients, whose epiglottis could be viewed (laryngoscopic view grades II and III); and Group II, included 308 patients, whose epiglottis could not be viewed (laryngoscopic view grade IV). For group I, anesthesia was induced with thiopentone 4-5 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1 mg/kg; Laryngoscopy was carried out using modified Macintosh method. For Group II, anesthesia was induced with a total intravenous anesthesia or inhaled anesthesia; anesthetic depth was required to effectively inhibit laryngeal reflexes with reservation of spontaneous breathing. Tracheal intubation was performed by fiberoptic stylet laryngoscope (FOSL). During anesthesia induction and tracheal intubation procedures, electrocardiogram, arterial pressure, heart rate and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) were continuously monitored. Complications of intubation (arrhythmia, and so on) were observed and recorded. Immediately after laryngoscopy and successful intubation, patients were examined for any traumatic injuries at teeth, lips, tongue, and oropharyngeal tissues.

RESULTSIn group I, tracheal intubation was accomplished by the first attempt in 1 279 cases (93.0%) and the intubation time was less than 3 min in 1 304 cases (94.8%). In group II, tracheal intubation was accomplished by the first attempt in 114 patients (37.0%), and 123 patients (39.9%) had the intubation time of less than 3 min. Tracheal intubation was successful by the second or third attempt in 96 patients of group I and 156 patients of group II, respectively. Thirty-eight patients required four or more attempts, which only occurred in group II. Of all the complications of tracheal intubation, the traumatic complications were most common. The incidences of traumatic complications in the patients with laryngoscopic view grade II, III (group I ) and IV (group II) were 0.7%, 3.9% and 14.3%, respectively. Other complications such as respiratory depression were only seen in group II. A pooled incidence of the intubation complications was 6.7% (113/1 683).

CONCLUSIONAn anesthesiologist who is skillful in difficult airway management may safely manage the airway in the patients with difficult laryngoscopy under general anesthesia.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anesthesia, General ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dyspnea ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; adverse effects ; methods ; Laryngoscopy ; Lip ; injuries ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Mucosa ; injuries

Angiotensin II ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Division ; Collagen ; biosynthesis ; Liver ; cytology ; metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis ; etiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Proline ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 ; genetics

Objective To investigate the effects of exercise and complex environment on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced dopaminergic neuron death in the substantia nigra of midbrain.Methods C57BL/6 mice were divided into control group,LPS group,LPS+swimming group and LPS+complex environment group,with 7 mice in each group.The mice in the LPS group were injected with LPS into the brain to establish an inflammatory model of Parkinson's disease and lived in cages for 2 weeks.Mice in LPS+swimming group were forced to swim for 15 minutes every day for 2 weeks after modeling.The mice in the LPS+complex environment group were placed in a complex environment for 2 weeks after modeling.The control group mice were not treated.After 14 days of modeling,behavioral experiments such as footprint,open field and rotating rod were performed on each group of mice to detect the autonomous exercise ability,exercise balance ability and depression level of mice.The expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)in substantia nigra was detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting.The expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),Caspase-3,interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in the substantia nigra of the midbrain were detected by Western blotting.The transcription levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in substantia nigra were detected by RT-PCR.Results Compared with the control group,the exercise ability and balance ability of mice in LPS group,LPS+swimming group and LPS+complex environment group decreased,the depression level increased(P＜0.001),the number of TH positive neurons and BDNF protein decreased significantly(P＜0.001),and the contents of Caspase-3,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α increased significantly(P＜0.001).Compared with the LPS group,the exercise ability and balance ability of the mice in the LPS+swimming group and the LPS+complex environment group were restored,the depression level decreased significantly(P＜0.01),the survival number of TH positive neurons and the content of BDNF increased significantly(P＜0.01),Caspase-3,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α reduced significantly(P＜0.01),and the phenomenon in the LPS+complex environment group was more significant.Conclusion Exercise and complex environment can inhibit LPS-induced central nervous system inflammation in mice,thereby reducing damage to midbrain substantia nigra neurons,and the inhibitory effect of LPS+complex environment group is more significant.

Eight full-length genes of an avian influenza virus Chinese isolate of H9N2 subtype, A/Chicken/Guangdong/HL/2006 (H9N2) (abbreviated as Ck/GD/HL/06), were amplified by RT-PCR, including the 5' and 3' non-coding region. All the genes were cloned and sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis results showed the HA gene of Ck/GD/HL/06 was located in the same phylogenetic clade as Dk/HK/Y280/97 (H9N2), while the Dk/HK/Y280/97-like viruses had been predominately isolated from chickens in mainland China. After the analysis of glycosylation sites and receptor-binding sites in the HA, it was shown that the HA of Ck/GD/HL/06 exhibited the common feature of H9 subtype avian influenza virus isolated from China, but the leucine (Leu) residue at the amino acid position 226 indicated the potential of binding with SA alpha,2-6 receptor. The three internal genes of Ck/GD/HL/06 (PB1, PA and NP) had the highest nucleotide identity with A/Viet Nam/1203/2004 (abbreviated A/VN/1203/04) isolate, which was shown to be transmitted from chickens to human and caused lethal infection in human. No analogous H9N2 strains was reported in previous studies. Based on the high similarity of Ck/GD/HL/06 three genes to A/VN/1203/04, it was suggested that the possibility of generating new highly pathogenic H5N1 AIVs by recombination was worthy of our attention. Further studies should be needed for molecular epidemiologic surveillance of H9N2 AIV in the south China for a long time.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Chickens ; China ; Cloning, Molecular ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, Viral ; genetics ; Genomics ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza in Birds ; virology ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between nasal carriage and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection in hospitalized children.

METHODSFifty-six hospitalized children infected with S. aureus were recruited in this study. Nasal swabs were collected and cultured, and the nasal carriage rate of S. aureus was examined. PVL virulence gene and mecA resistance gene were both detected in clinical strains and nasal carriage strains by PCR.

RESULTSTwenty-two (39%) of the 56 children had nasal carriage of S. aureus, and most of them (18 cases) were younger than one year. Among these 22 children, 11 (50%) had previous hospitalization over the past year. In the infected strains, the rate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was 29% (16/56), while it was 32% (7/22) in carriage strains. The mecA positive results in clinical strains were consistent with the results in nasal carriage strains. Among 5 PVL-positive nasal carriage strains, 4 (90%) could be matched with their clinical strains, all of which were MRSA.

CONCLUSIONSNasal carriage is a potential risk factor for S. aureus infection. Nosocomial transmission may lead to nasal carriage, which can cause S. aureus infection. The isolation rate of MRSA is high in hospitalized children infected with S. aureus, which implies that more attention is needed for this situation. The isolates from noses may be clonally identical to the isolates from clinical secretions, and the homology between them needs to be confirmed by multi-locus sequence typing.

Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; Carrier State ; microbiology ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; isolation & purification ; Nose ; microbiology ; Penicillin-Binding Proteins ; Staphylococcal Infections ; microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of diaphgram fatigue in the death from hanging with bound upper limbs of rabbits. METHODS: Rabbits were hanged with upper limbs bound, then the data of EMGdi were gathered RESULTS: By analyzing power spectral of EMGdi in experiment, we compare the ratio change of H/L between pre-experiment and post-experiment. There is a significance decrease of the ratio of H/L, so it indicates that diaphgram fatigue does exist. CONCLUSION Diaphgram fatigue plays an important role in the death from hanging with limbs of rabbits bound.
Animals ; Asphyxia/physiopathology* ; Cause of Death ; Diaphragm/physiopathology* ; Electromyography ; Female ; Forensic Medicine ; Male ; Muscle Fatigue ; Rabbits

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of early microsurgery for ruptured cerebral anterior circulating aneurysm. Methods Diagnosis and treatnent processes of 51 patients were retrospectively analyzed: these patients were presented with anterior circulating aneurysm induced acute spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage and they underwent early (within 3 d) microsurgical clipping in our hospital between January 2007 and June 2009. Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) was conducted to evaluate the outcomes. Results Of the 51 patients with anterior circulating aneurysm, 47 intracranial aneurysm lesions were clipped successfully, and 4 were wrapped. Good outcome was achieved in 39 patients, mild disability (being able to look after themselves in daily life) in 4, and severe disability in 3;persistent vegetative state appeared in 3 and 3 died after the surgery. Conclusion Early microsurgery for ruptured cerebral anterior circulating aneurysm is considered as the feasible opinion, by decreasing the recurrence of hemorrhage, disabled rate and mortality.