Exercise Test ; Female ; Heart Sounds ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Phonocardiography ; methods ; Pregnancy ; Stress, Physiological ; physiology ; Young Adult

Adult ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; physiopathology ; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Heart ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Sports ; Stress, Psychological ; physiopathology

Diastole ; physiology ; Exercise ; physiology ; Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Systole ; physiology ; Young Adult

Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) has been proposed as a vector for recombinant vaccine. Alternatively, it may be an attractive tool for gene transfer due to lack of pre-existing immunity in humans. In this study, a transfer vector based on CAV-2, in which the 1381bp fragment of the E3 region was deleted, and a linker containing the Not I, Cla I, Fse I restriction enzyme sites were cloned into the deleted region. The recombinant CAV-2 genome was released from the plasmids enzyme digestion and transfected into MDCK cells by lipofectamine to obtain the recombinant virus. No significant difference in morphology, hemagglutination and replication between the recombinant and the wide type CAV-2 was found. These results indicated that this recombinant virus CAV-2-deltaE3 (NF) may be an efficient vector for gene transfer and the capacity of the vector for inserted foreign gene was up to 3.3kb.
Adenoviruses, Canine ; genetics ; ultrastructure ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; genetics ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; metabolism ; DNA, Viral ; chemistry ; genetics ; Dogs ; virology ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Humans ; Lipids ; chemistry ; Microscopy, Electron ; Transfection ; methods ; Virus Replication ; genetics

In order to find the optimal topographical factor for regionslization, the content of cimetidine in 116 Sinopodophyllum hexandrum sample collected from Sichuan, Qinghai, Gansu, Tibet, Yunnan and Shaanxi provinces, was determined. Using mathematical statistics and geographical spatial analysis of GIS analysis, the relationship between content of podophyllotoxin and influencing factors including altitude gradient and gradient position was analyzed. It is found that the optimal altitude was 2 800 m to 3 600 m, the aspect of slope north or northeast and northwest and the slope 12 degrees to 65 degrees with a high suitability degree. Considering the artificial planting, the suitable planting area for S. hexandrum is comfirmed. The topographical factor is important for S. hexandrum regionalization, but has hardly effect on podophyllotoxin content. The results of the study provide an important scientific basis for S. hexandrum production development. But there are many factors which affect suitability index and podophyllotoxin content of S. hexandrum, it is necessary to consider other factors like climate and soil while exploitation and protection of S. hexandrum.
Altitude ; Berberidaceae ; chemistry ; growth & development ; China ; Ecosystem ; Podophyllotoxin ; analysis

Objective To investigate iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) in Chongqing and Linzhi, and to provide scientific basis for IDD control and prevention. Methods According to the national program developed in 2007, investigation was conducted in Chengkou and Wuxi county in Chongqing municipality, and Linzhi, Bomi,Milin and Langxian county in Linzhi prefecture. Five towns were sampled in Linzhi county, and 3 in other counties.In each town, one township primary school and two village primary schools were selected to inspect thyroid by B ultrasound and palpation, and urinary iodine of children aged 8 to 10 years was tested in these schools. Meanwhile,2 villages were selected in each town for test of salt iodine level and urinary iodine of childbearing age women and search cretin cases. Results Three hundred and forty families in Chongqing and 915 families in Linzhi were investigated. The coverage of iodized salt in Chongqing was 98.82%(336/340), which was significantly higher than that in Linzhi[66.34%(607/905), x2 = 139.56, P ＜ 0.01]. Goiter rate of children in Chongqing was 9.27%(89/960) by palpation and 8.34% (61/731) by B ultrasound, while goiter rate of children in Linzhi was 7.80%(102/1308) by palpation and 5.53% (69/1248) by B ultrasound. The difference of goiter rate by palpation between Chongqing and Linzhi was not statistically significant (x2 = 1.37, P ＞ 0.05 ). But goiter rate of children by B ultrasound in Chongqing was higher than that in Linzhi (x2= 5.51, P ＜ 0.05). In Chongqing, the median urinary iodine was 319.15 μg/L, and 345.75 μg/L in Chengkou county and 281.39 μg/L in Wuxi county. In Linzhi prefecture, the median urinary iodine was 189.81 μg/L, and 207.81 μg/L in Linzhi county, 161.12 μg/L in Bomi county, 131.83 μg/L in Milin county and 334.60 μg/L in Langxian county. The median urinary iodine in childbearing women were 248.42 μg/L in Chongqing and 121.25 μg/L in Linzhi. The median urinary iodine in Chongqing both in children and women were higher than those in Linzhi. No new cretin case was found in these two areas. Conclusions Goiter rate in high risk areas of IDD in Chongqing and Linzhi has decreased to less than 10%.No new cretin case is found in these areas. It can be concluded that the work of control and prevention is effective.There is excess iodine in Chongqing. In Linzhi county and Langxian county, iodine is excess in children and deficient in women. Further investigation should be conducted to find out the reason. Population iodine is excess in Bomi and Milin counties. The concentration of salt iodine should be decreased in Chongqing. In Linzhi prefecture,adding iodine measures should be adjusted based on further investigation.

Objective To determine the bowel habits and its perceptions in the general population of Guangdong province. Methods Random clustered sampling involving permanent inhabitants aged 18-80 year was carried out under stratification of urban and suburban areas in Guangdong province. Questionnaire included the items on the characteristics of people being selected and their bowel habits. Results A total of 4103 residents (male 1878, female 2225) were investigated. Mean age among the responders was 42.81 ± 14.13 year. Among 4056 subjects (missing =47 ), 2972 subjects (73.3%) reported daily defecation, and 3951 subjects (97.4%) reported stool frequency between 3 times per week and three times per day. Two hundred and seventy subjects (6.6%) reported abnormal bowel habits by themselves. The stool frequency (OR=2.03, 95% CI:1.54-2.67) , forms of stool (OR=2.75, 95% CI: 2.35-3.22) and straining (OR=3.56, 95% CI:2.49-5.11) were significantly associated with self-reported abnormal bowel habits. Among 3949 subjects (missing= 154), 644 (16.3%) were defined as having abnormal bowel habits according to Rome Ⅱ criteria. There was poor agreement between self-reported abnormal bowel habits and that defined by Rome Ⅱ criteria (Kappa=0.312). Conclusion It seemed to be appropriate that the normal stool frequency was defined as bowel movements between 3 times per week and three times per day in the general population. The prevalence of self-reported abnormal bowel habits was lower than that defined by Rome Ⅱ criteria and the agreement between these two definitions was poor.

BACKGROUNDLocalization of sensory cortical areas during the operation is essential to preserve the sensory function. Intraoperative direct electrostimulation under awake anesthesia is the golden standard but time-consuming. We applied 3T high field blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify the relationship between glioma and cortical sensory areas preoperatively and to guide intraoperative direct electrostimulation for quick and precise localization.

METHODSFive glioma patients with sensory cortex involvement by or next to the lesion had preoperative BOLD fMRI to determine the spatial relationship of cortical sensory areas to the tumours. Bilateral hand opposite movement was performed by these patients for fMRI. Precentral and postcentral gyri were identified by electrical stimulation during the operation. Karnofsky Performance Status scores of the patients' pre- and postoperative and the role of BOLD fMRI were evaluated.

RESULTSThe cortical sensory areas were all activated in five glioma patients involving postcentral gyrus areas by BOLD fMRI with bilateral hand opposite movement. The detected activation areas corresponded with the results from cortical electrical stimulation.

CONCLUSIONSThe relationship between cortical sensory areas and tumour can be accurately shown by BOLD fMRI before operation. And the information used to make the tumour resection could obtain good clinical results.

Adult ; Female ; Glioma ; blood ; pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxygen ; blood ; Somatosensory Cortex ; physiology ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDBlood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) plays an important role in identifying functional cortical areas of the brain, especially in patients with gliomas. This study aimed to assess the value of fMRI in presurgical planning and functional outcome of patients with gliomas in the motor cortical areas.

METHODSTwenty-six patients with gliomas in the motor cortex were recruited in the study. Before operation, fMRI was performed in each patient to obtain the mapping of bilateral hands area on the primary sensorimotor cortex. This examination was performed on a 3.0T scanner with a bilateral hands movement paradigm. During microsurgery under awake anesthesia, the motor area was identified using direct electrical stimulation and compared with preoperative mapping. Finally the tumor was resected as much as possible with the motor cortex preserved in each patient. Karnofsky performance status (KPS) was evaluated in all patients before and after operation.

RESULTSTwenty-three patients showed a successful fMRI mapping. Among them, 19 were classified to be grade III; 4, grade II; 3, grade I. The operation time was about 7 hours in the 23 patients, 8.5 hours in the other 3. The pre- and postoperative KPS score was 82.3 +/- 8.6 and 94.2 +/- 8.1, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSPreoperative fMRI of the hand motor area shows a high consistency with intraoperative cortical electronic stimulation. Combined use of the two methods shows a maximum benefit in surgical treatment.

Adult ; Brain Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Glioma ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motor Cortex ; pathology ; Oxygen ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the change of cardiac reserve during abnormal pregnancy and explore its evaluation methods.

METHODSTotally 96 women with abnormal pregnancies (AP group), 356 women with normal pregnancies (NP group), and 100 women of childbearing age (CBA group) were monitored by the exercise cardiac contractility monitor (ECCM). Phonocardiogram of participants at resting status was recorded by ECCM. The amplitude of first heart sound (S1), the amplitude of second heart sound (S2), cardiac cycle, diastolic duration (D), and systolic duration (S) were detected and then the S1/S2 ratio,the D/S ratio, and heart rate (HR) were calculated.

RESULTSCompared with the CBA group, S1/S2 ratio and HR were significantly higher and D/S was significantly lower in both AP group and NP group (all P<0.001). Compared with the NP group, S1/S2 ratio and HR were significantly higher in AP group and D/S was significnatly lower (all P<0.001). A D/S ratio less than 1.1 or S1/S2 ratio higher than 1.8 was associated with higher risk of poor pregnancy outcomes. Among four common pregnancy-associated abnormalities, the level of cardiac reserve was lowest in eclampsia, followed by twins, gestational diabetes mellitus, and gestational hypertension.

CONCLUSIONSCardiac reserve is mobilized during pregnancy, and is especially during the abnormal pregnancies due to the heavy cardiac burden. S1/S2 ratio, D/S ratio, and HR are useful in evaluating the cardiac reserve during abnormal pregnancy.

Adult ; Female ; Heart ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Phonocardiography ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; physiopathology ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Young Adult