Objective To study the relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and osteoporosis by measuring the bone mineral density (BMD),lung function,blood gas analysis,calcium ion,high sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the quality of life.Methods BMD measuring was performed by ultrasound dry bone densitometer in 32 patients with COPD (COPD group) and 35 healthy controls (control group).The ultrasonic transmission speed (SOS),SOS T,fracture risk factor (OSI) and bone strength (TI) were measured at the sites of the left calcaneus.COPD group was divided into three groups according to lung function,3 cases of mild,14 cases of moderate and 15 cases of severe.According to the level of BMD,there were another three groups,3 cases with normal BMD,24 cases with lower BMD,and 5 cases with osteoporosis.According to the history of systemic glucocorticoid application,COPD group was divided into two groups,10 cases with glucocorticoid application and 22 cases without glucocorticoid application.The levels of BMD between COPD group and control group were compared,and the correlation between BMD and lung function,blood gas analysis,calcium ion,hs-CRP and the quality of life in patients with COPD was analyzed.Results COPD group had lower BMD than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).In COPD group,the severe patients had lower BMD than the moderate patients (P ＜ 0.05),and the severe patients had only lower SOS than the mild patients(P ＜ 0.05),but there was no statistic significant difference in BMD between the moderate and mild patients(P ＞ 0.05).According to the level of BMD,the osteoporosis patients had lower arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and higher hs-CRP and COPD assessment test (CAT) than the normal BMD and lower BMD patients,and the lower BMD patients had lower PaO2 and higher CAT than the normal BMD patients (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no statistic significant difference in calcium ion among them(P ＞ 0.05).According to the history of systemic glucocorticoid application,the patients with glucocorticoid application had lower level of BMD than the other patients (P ＜ 0.05).SOS,SOS T,OSI and TI was correlated with one second forced expiratory volume percent predicted (FEV1％) (r =0.389,0.262,-0.295,0.265; P＜0.05),also correlated with PaO2 (r =0.391,0.100,-0.374,0.122;P＜0.05),and also correlated with CAT (r =-0.659,-0.463,0.175,-0.178 ; P ＜ 0.05).There was only a negative correlation between SOS and hs-CRP (r =-0.390,P ＜ 0.05).Further in Logistic regression analysis,the results showed that both PaO2 and FEV1％ were the risk factors of BMD reduction.Conclusions Patients with COPD have lower BMD than their peers of healthy.The reduction of blood oxygen pressure and lung function are the risk factors of BMD reduction.There is a conjecture that the reduced BMD is correlated with chronic inflammation in patients with COPD.

Accidents, Occupational ; statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Injuries ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effect of PBL combined with EBM applied in the teaching of fever of unknown origin. Methods PBL combined with EBM teaching was applied in fever of unknown origin course for 30 clinical medicine specialty(eight years) students of Tongji class of grade 2009(experiment group), while PBL teaching was applied in fever of unknown origin course for 30 clinical medicine specialty (eight years) students of Tongji class of grade 2008 (control group). After teaching, the theory examination for both basic knowledge and case analysis was organized for all students of both groups. At the same time the questionnaire survey was conducted to 30 students of grade 2009 to evaluate the teaching effect. The results were assessed by using SPSS 18.0 statistical software for the T-test of the experimental group and the control group.Inspection level was α=0.05. Results The theory test score of students in the experimental group was (93.5±3.2) point, signifi-cantly higher than that of the students in the control group(84.7±2.8). There was statistically signifi-cant difference between the scores of the two groups of students (P=0.00). Survey results showed 19 students ( 63 . 33%) thought that the development of PBL teaching combined with evidence-based medicine teaching had its necessity, and 16 students(53.33%) thought that the teaching method im-proved their clinical thinking ability of logical reasoning. Conclusion The concept of PBL combined with EBM has achieved significant resultsinthe teaching offever of unknown origin, and it is necessary to carry out this teaching mode in medical colleges with certain teaching strength.

Objective To assess the consistency of diagnostic results using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in the central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).Methods This is a retrospective case series of 26 eyes of 26 patients with CRVO.There were 10 females (10 eyes) and 16 males (16 eyes).The mean age was (49.19±10.50) years.The mean course of the disease was (27.81± 21.60) days.Simultaneous OCTA and FFA were performed in all patients using 7-standard field of Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) to evaluate the microaneurysms,nonperfused areas,optical disc/retinal neovascularization and maeular edema.The consistency was evaluated using weighted Kappa statistic values.Kappa≥0.76,consistency is excellent;0.60≤Kappa＜0.75,consistency is good;0.40≤Kappa＜0.60,consistency is general;Kappa＜0.40,consistency is poor.Results Based on OCTA,microaneurysms were found in 23 eyes,nonperfused areas in 16 eyes,optical disc/retinal neovascularization in 8 eyes and macular edema in 21 eyes.Based on FFA,23 eyes were diagnosed to have microaneurysms,14 eyes have nonperfused area,8 eyes have optical disc/retinal neovascularization,22 eyes have macular edema.The consistency was excellent for microaneurysms and optical disc/retinal neovascularization (Kappa=0.772,0.766;P＜0.01),good for nonperfused areas and macular edema (Kappa =0.703,0.600,P＜ 0v01).Conclusion There is high consistency between OCTA and FFA in the diagnosis of microaneurysms,macular edema,nonperfused areas and optical disc/retinal neovascularization in CRVO patients.

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of Zheng's Jin Gou Diao Yu (gold-hook-fishing) acupuncture method versus ordinary acupuncture on superficial fascia for treating neck type cervical spondylopathy in Kyrgyz. Methods:A total of 64 Kyrgyz patients conforming to the diagnostic criteria of neck type cervical spondylopathy were included. The patients were randomized into a Zheng's Jin Gou Diao Yu (gold-hook-fishing) acupuncture group and a conventional acupuncture group, with 32 cases in each group. Patients in the Zheng's Jin Gou Diao Yu (gold-hook-fishing) acupuncture group were treated with Zheng's Jin Gou Diao Yu (gold-hook-fishing) acupuncture method to stimulate the superficial fascia, the stimulation sites were primarily located at bilateral sides of the cervical vertebra as well as the trigger points in shoulder-neck region; patients in the conventional acupuncture group were punctured at the same acupoints, with twirling reducing method, and the depth of insertion was determined by the treated region. Patients in both groups received treatment every day for a succession of 5 d as a course, with a 2-day interval between 2 courses, and the whole treatment lasted for 3 courses. After 3 courses of treatment, the McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ) and neck disability index (NDI) were measured to compare the clinical effect between the two groups. Results: After treatment, scores of MPQ and NDI scale dropped when compared with those before treatment, and the differences showed statistical significance (allP<0.05); scores of MPQ and NDI in the Jin Gou Diao Yu (gold-hook-fishing) acupuncture group were substantially lower than those in the conventional acupuncture group, and the differences showed statistical significance (allP<0.05). The total effective rate was 96.9％ in the Jin Gou Diao Yu (gold-hook-fishing) acupuncture group and the cured rate was 78.1％, which were higher than 81.3％ and 40.6％ in the conventional acupuncture group, and the differences showed statistical significance (bothP<0.05). Conclusion: Zheng's Jin Gou Diao Yu (gold-hook-fishing) acupuncture method by stimulating superficial fascia to treat cervical spondylopathy in Kyrgyz can produce a better clinical effect than conventional acupuncture treatment, and is effective in improving pain and stiffness in patients, and thus is worth clinical popularization.

Objective: To observe the clinical effects of Shu-acupuncture method in Nei Jing (Classic of Internal Medicine) in the treatment of shoulder and arm pain. Methods: A total of 90 patients with shoulder and arm pain were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 45 cases in each group. The treatment of Shu-acupuncture method in Nei Jing (Classic of Internal Medicine) was adopted in the observation group, routine acupuncture was used in the control group. The two groups were treated once every day, with 5 treatments as one course, and a 2-day rest between two courses. After 3 courses, pain was assessed by visual analog scale (VAS), and the clinical effects were compared between the two groups. Results: After the treatment, VAS scores were significantly changed in both groups (both P<0.01). The VAS score was lower in the observation group than that in the control group, with a statistical difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 100% in the observation group, versus 91.1% in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of Shu-acupuncture method in Nei Jing (Classic of Internal Medicine) is better than that of routine acupuncture in treating shoulder and arm pain.

Background Retinal development continues during the early postnatal period in mammals.Correct arrangement of layers and precise location of various cells in the retina are vital for forming normal visual function during critical period plasticity.Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)provides highquality in vivo retinal imaging and the possibility to measure retinal thickness longitudinally. Objective The present study was to investigate the changes of retinal thickness during critical period plasticity in rats. Methods In vivo consecutive scanning of retinal image was performed in 10 SPF Sprague-Dawley rats at postnatal day 14(P14),P18,P21,P24 and P42 with SD-OCT,and retinal histopathological examination was used to detect retinal morphologic changes at the same postnatal ages in 20 matched rats.The whole retinal thickness,the thickness from inner limiting membrane(ILM)to inner plexiform layer(IPL),the thickness of inner nuclear layer(INL)and the thickness from outer nuclear layer(ONL)to retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)were measured using Cirrus HD-OCT system and HMIAS-2000 Imaging System in retinal sections.The measurement parameters by Cirrus HD-OCT and those by hematoxylin-eosin staining were compared.The use of animals followed the Statement of National Institute of Health (USA). Results In vivo high-resolution images of rat retinas with SD-OCT compared well with histology,which enabled quantitative comparison of the SD-OCT and histological data during critical period plasticity in rats.From P14 to P42,the retinal thickness gradually decreased with the increase of rat ages(F=15.425,P=0.000),and so were the thickness from ILM to IPL,the thickness of INL and the thickness from ONL to RPE(F=3.973,P=0.007;F=17.529,P=0.000;F=7.038,P=0.000).The retinal thickness,thickness of INL.thickness from ONL to RPE measured by Cirrus HD-OCT were significantly correlated with those measured by retinal sections among P14,P18,P21,P24 and P42 rats(r=0.794,P=0.000;r=0.784,P=0.000;r=0.681,P=0.000). Conclusion SD-OCT is a demonstratably valuable technology to study the structure of retinas in rats.The retinal thickness is shown to reduce in thickness throughout the development of the retina during critical period plasticity due to the decrease in thickness of INL and the distance from the ONL to RPE,as illustrated by OCT scanning.

Background Corneal chemical burn is one of blinding eye diseases.Previous therapies for corneal chemical burn is limited to certain extent.However,transplantation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) for corneal diseases is drawing more and more attention.Objective This study was to observe the effect of rabbit ADSCs transplantation for ocular alkali burns and explore its mechanism.Methods Rabbit corneal stromal cells (CSCs) were isolated and cultured by suspended matrix method,and rabbit ADSCs were obtained and digested from inguinal fat tissue with enzyme digestion method (0.25％ trypsin) and identified by flow cytometry.CSCs cocultured with ADSCs,and CSCs-induced ADSCs were identified by double-label of with immunofluorescence and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR).Then induced or uninduced ADSCs were inoculated on amniotic membrane to prepared ADSCs-amnion patch.Corneal alkali burn models were established in the right eyes of 60 New Zealand rabbits by placing a filter paper with 1％ NaOH solution at the central cornea for 50 seconds.The models were randomized into the induced ADSCs+ amnion implanted group,the uninduced ADSCs + amnion implanting group,amnion implanted group and model group.Corneal opacification and neovascular area were examined and corneal inflammation was graded by slit lamp microscope 1 week,2 weeks and 1 month after surgery.The contents of CD45,interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in corneal homogenate as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in aqueous humor were detected by ELISA assay.The use and care of experiment animals followed the Statement of ARVO.Results ADSCs showed the positive responses for CD105,CD29,CD44 with the positive rate 90.23 ％,88.56％ and 98.88％,respectively.CSCs was positively reactive for vimentin.The double-label staining was positive after coculture of CSCs with ADSCs.Hematoxylin-eosin stain exhibited that ADSCs grew well on the amnion.Corneal porcelain opacity and a lot of new blood vessels were seen in the model group,and corneal was clear in the induced ADSCs+ amnion implanted group 1 month after surgery.The inflammatory scores were 1.65 ±0.18,2.05 ± 0.17,2.68±0.25,2.90 ±0.18,and the areas of neovasculization were (10.59 ± 1.78),(22.58 ± 1.63),(37.98 ± 1.90),(45.37±1.65)mm2 respectively in the induced ADSCs+ amnion implanted group,uninduced ADSCs+ amnion implanted group,amnion implanted group and the model group.The inflammatory scores of 1 week,2 weeks,1 month after operation among the four groups had statistically significant differences (F =280.826,330.172,465.707,all at P =0.000),and the areas of neovasculization of 1 week,2 weeks,1 month after operation among the four groups had statistically significant differences (F=60.020,670.811,1 510.231,all at P =0.000),the inflammatory scores in the induced ADSCs + amnion implanted group were remarkably lower than those of the other groups,the areas of neovasculization in the induced ADSCs+ amnion inplanted group were smaller than those of the other groups (all at P＜0.01).In 1 month after surgery,the contents of CD45,IL-10,IFN-γ in cornea and VEGF in aqueous humor were statistically different among the groups(F =916.545,1 739.358,462.134,129.126,all at P =0.000).Compared with the uninduced ADSCs+ amnion implanted group,amnion implanted group and the model group,CD45 and IFN-γ contents were declined,and IL-10 content was elavated in the induced ADSCs+ amnion implanted group (all at P＜ 0.01).In addition,VEGF contents in aqueous humor were significantly lower than those in the other groups (all at P＜0.01).Conclusions Rabbit CSCs-induced ADSCs amnion patch transplantation is effective for the reconstruction of ocular surface after alkali damage probably by differentiation of ADSCs into epithelial-like cell after CSCs induced.Moreover,amnion can alleviate immuno-inflammatory response and suppress neovascularization.

Objective To set a rapid,simple gene diagnosis method for Down syndrome.Methods Three short tandem repeats(D21S11,D21S1270,D21S1437)loci in or near Down syndrome critical region(DSCR) were analyzed and detected by polymerase chain reaction and DNA quantitative analysis in 11 core ancestry.Results There were four types by DNA quantitative analysis to different individuals at a short tandem repeats(STR) locus.In type one,a homozygote of one allelic gene was detected.In type two,a normal heterozygote of two allelic genes was found,the content or two DNA electrophoresis bands was approximately 1∶1.In type three,a Down syndrome patient of two allelic genes was discovered.The quantity of two electrophoresis bands was nearly 2∶1.In type four,the patient showed three DNA electrophoresis bands which the content was approximately 1∶1∶1.Conclusion A rapid gene diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis method for Down syndrome can be used for quantitative analysis of STR polymorphism loci.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the volumetric changes of upper airway after rapid maxillary expansion using Meta analysis.Methods:All literatures about volumetric changes in the upper airway after rapid maxillary expansion were searched from the database in general.The literatures were screened according to the correlation and the inclusion criteria,included the literatures were analyzed by Rev Man 5.3.Results:11 literatures were finally selected.Meta analysis indicated that,after treatment nasopharyngeal volume increased by 0.62 cm3(P=0.000 2),palatopharyngeal volume increased by 0.62 cm3(P=0.02),glossopharyngeal volume increased by 0.39 cm3(P=0.11),oropharyneal volume increased by 0.40 cm3(P=0.27).Conclusion:The existing evidence indicates that rapid maxillary expansion can increase the volume of nasopharynx and retropalatal part of upper airway.