Child, Preschool ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; methods ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Humans ; Male

Transforming growth factor-β is an important cytokine with various bioactivities, including embryonic development, wound healing, chemotaxis and cell cycle regulation. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the main pathway of tumor cell to obtain the ability of invasion and metastasis. The TGF-β is the key factor known to induce EMT in cancer cells and plays an important role in the process. In recent years, some progress has been obtained. Some TGF-β inhibitors have approved in the market or in clinical trials. TGF-β inhibitors can play an important role on the treatment of tumors, glaucoma, liver and kidney fibrosis disease and scar repair. Novel TGF-β inhibitors reported in recent years were reviewed in this article.
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Wound Healing

Objective To investigate cardiac reserve function and pregnant results of preeclampsia.Methods Pregnant women chosen by randomized table and hospitalized in the department of obstetrics of the first affiliated hospital of Chongqing MedicaI University were involved in this study from January to December,2008.Sixty-nine cases of normal pregnant women were divided into 3 groups:normal group 1(20cases),normal group 2(26 cases)and normal group 3(23 cases).The normal group number 1 to number 3 were paired to gestational hypertension(20 cases),mild preeclampsia(26 cases)and severe preeclampsia (23 cases),respectively.The digital technique of heart sound signal processing WaS used to measure cardiac reserve function parameters including the heart rate(HR),the ratio of the amplitude of the first heart sound to the second heart sound(S1/S2)and the ratio of diastolic to systolic duration(D/S)of pregnant women.The pregnant results were also recorded.Results (1)The ratio of S1/S2 in the group of severe preeclampsia 4.5±3.2 was significantly bigher than the group of gestational hypertension 2.2±1.1 and normal group 32.2±1.1(P＜0.01).The ratio of D/S of the group of severe preeclampsia 1.1±0.3 Was significantly lower than the group of gestational hypertension 1.4±0.3 and normal group 31.4±0.2(P＜0.01).(2)All cases of the normal group number 1 to number 3 and the group of gestational hypertension were found the ratio of D/S≥1.00,whereas 1 case(1/26,4%)of the group of mild preeclampsia and 4 cases(4/23.17%)of the group of severe preeclampsia were found the ratio of D/S＜1.00.(3)The two cases of the pregnant wornen(including one woman died of cardiac arrest)with S1/S2＞5.00 and D/S＜1.00,who were in the group of severe preeclampsia,were sent to Intensive Care Unit after delivery.There were 4 cases(4/26,15%)and 6 cages(6/23,26%)of 1 minute Apgar score less than 7,7 cases(7/26,27%)and 6 cases(6/23,26%)sent to neonatal Intensive Care Unit,2 cases(2/26,8%)and 4 cases(4/23,17%)of neonatal death in the group of mild preeclampsia and in the group of severe preeclampsia,respectively.All newborns in the normal group number 1 to number 3 and the group of gestational hypertension were normal.Conclusions The cardiac reserve function of a pregnant woman with preeelampsia is decreased with the severity of preeclampsia and the parturient and neonatal results get worse.The distal technique of heart sound signal processing is a safe,harmless,simple and effective tool to measure cardiac reserve funotion of preeclampsia,and is worthy of widely used clinically.

Objective To explore the relationship between tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-? promoter G238A,G308A and interferon(IFN)-?+874A/T polymorphism and susceptibility to cytomegalovirus(CMV) hepatitis.Methods A TaqMan fluorescence polymerase chain reaction(PCR) in the IFN-?+874A/T and TNF-? gene promoter region single nucleotide polymorphism was tested in the subjects,including 87 infants with CMV hepatitis and 89 children without CMV hepatitis.Results No evident difference of TNF-? +238G/A and+308G/A allele frequency was found between infants with CMV hepatitis and controls.The cases of IFN-?+874 AA,AT and TT genotype were 64,20,3 cases in the infant CMV hepatitis group,and 45,26 and 18 cases in the control group,respectively.There was significant difference in IFN-?+874 allele genotype and frequency between infants with CMV hepatitis and the control group(P=0.001,P

Objectives: To investigate the effects of adhesion and proliferation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the surface of lactic acid/glycolic acid/asparagic acid-co-polyethylene glycol PLGA-[ASP-PEG] tri-block polymer scaffolds, try to find a new biomaterial to induce seed cells in vitro for bone tissue engineering. Methods: Modified PLGA with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and asparagic acid (ASP) that has many ligands, and synthesis PLGA-[ASP-PEG] polymer material. BMSCs were cultured in PLGA-[ASP-PEG] polymer material and PLGA used as control group. Through precipitation method, MTT assay and total cellular protein detection to test the adhersion and proliferation of BMSCs. Scanning electron microscope is used to observe cells appearance. Results: BMSCs on the surface of PLGA-[ASP-PEG] polymer scaffolds are adherention to the culture flask, the number of cells is much higher than PLGA’s. The precipitation method suggest that adhesion and proliferation of BMSCs on the surface of PLGA-[ASP-PEG] is much higher than the control group(P

To assess the effect of prostaglandin E_1(PGE_1)on renal blood flow and serum endothelin of liver recipients.Methods PGE_1 was administered in 38 liver recipients at the dose of 0.6?g?kg~(-1)?h~(-1)during liver transplantation and every day after operation.The effects of PGE_1 on serum endothelin concentration and creatinine(Cr)were observed and these indexes were compared with those in the control group(n=18).The renal blood flow resistance indexes(RI)were measured by Doppler ultrasound.Results Cr and RI were significantly lower in PGE1=treated group than those in the control group.PGE_1-treated group also showed a significantly lower serum endothelin concen- tration.Conclusion Administration of PGE_1 in liver recipients can significantly improve the early re- nal function by reducing serum endothelin concentration and dilating renal blood vessels.

AIM: To compare the effectiveness on 10g/L cyclopentolate and 10g/L atropine on cycloplegia in children before optometry.
METHODS:Eighty eyes of 40 children among 4-12 years old with refractive error were recruited in this study. 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops were topically administered once per 5min for 3 times and optometry was performed after 45min. Three days after that, 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel then was used 3 times per day for consecutive 3d and again the refractive diopter was obtained at the 4th d. The differences of the results in retinoscopy refraction were compared between 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops and 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel.
RESULTS: Therefraction results of those given 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops and 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel were no statistical different in both 4-8 years group and 9-12 years group with myopia (≤-3. 00D) (P=0. 411, 0. 924). The differences of refraction results of both the drugs were significant in 4 - 8 years group with low hypermetropia, medium hypermetropia and high hypermetropia (P=0. 007, 0. 007, 0. 009). No significant difference was found in 9 - 12 years group with low hypermetropia (P= 0. 592), given 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops and 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel, but the differences of refraction results of both the ophthalmic preparations above were significant in 9-12 years group with medium and high hypermetropia (P=0. 039, 0. 012).
CONCLUSION:Both 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops and 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel have the cycloplegic effects, but their cycloplegic effects are significant different among hypermetropia children. Thus, the reasonable cycloplegic should be chosen according to the specific situation.

Objective To summarize the clinical features,neuroimaging findings and pathological characteristics of demyelinating pseudotumors(DPT)of the brain,and to differentiate it from glioma. Methods The clinical features,neuroimaging findings and pathological characteristics of 35 patients with demyelinating pseudotumors of the brain were summarized,and the diagnosis for 18 of them was confirmed by bioscopy.Results Demyelinating pseudotumors affected adults of both sexes.The onset age of patients ranged from 9 to 69 years old.There was no definite antecedent,and the clinical syndromes were atypical. Neuroimaging scans showed multiple lesions in cerebral hemisphere,while the lesion in brain stem and spinal cord was single.The symptom and neuroimaging were not parallel.While with many or large lesions, the symptoms and signs were less.The lesions were not enhanced on CT scan,but appeared round or patch enhancement on MRI scan.Nine patients with DWI all appeared high density.The myelin basic protein was useful for diagnosis.The typical pathological changes were demyelination,perivascular inflammatory infiltration and reactive gliosis.The Creutzfeuldt cells were also found in these patients.The lesions might become small or disappear after treatment,but could not serve as the criterion to exclude brain neoplasm. Conclusions DPT is a distinct demyelination disease entity,which is confusable with brain neoplasm.It is difficult to distinguish DPT from brain neoplasm with the clinical features and conventional neuroimaging scan.But DWI scan is useful.The pathological changes accord with demyelination,and Creutzfeuldt cells are also found.It is important to apply corticosteroid treatment or biopsy rather than being anxious to excise the lesions.

Objective:To analyze and summarize the characteristics and pattern in the selection of points and meridians by searching the clinical research literature about acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of amblyopia in the recent 17 years.Methods:By searching Chinese and English databases,such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),PubMed,etc.,the points in 52 articles in conformity with the requirements were analyzed by frequency statistics by the order of meridians,major points,and adjunct points to summarize the rules and characteristics of the point selection.Results:In 52 articles,there were 21 articles on ear acupuncture and 31 articles on acupuncture-moxibustion treatment.Ten meridians were involved in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of amblyopia,and the leading 3 meridians were the Bladder,Stomach and Gallbladder Meridians.There were 34 points,10 extraordinary points and 37 ear points were used in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of amblyopia.The top 10 major points were Jingming (BL 1),Taiyang (EX-HN 5),Cuanzhu (BL 2),Fengchi (GB 20),Baihui (GV 20),Hegu (LI 4),Guangming (GB 37),Sibai (ST 2),Chengqi (ST 1) and Sizhukong (TE 23).The top 5 adjunct points were Zusanli (ST 36),Shenshu (BL 23),Ganshu (BL 18),Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Taixi (KI 3).Conclusion:Acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of amblyopia is characterized by the selection of the points mainly from yang meridians,based upon syndromes differentiation plus personal experience,and the points mainly around the eyes and by stressed use of ear points.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of point application with Da Huang (Rhizoma Rhei Cruda) powder at Shenque (CV 8) plus moxa-salt hot compress on the umbilicus for preventing gastrointestinal adverse reactions after chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).Methods:A total of 60 cases with NHL under chemotherapy were divided into two groups by hospitalization order,with 30 cases in each group.The control group was treated with routine nursing and the observation group was additionally given point application with Da Huang (Rhizoma Rhei Cruda) powder plus moxa-salt hot compress on the umbilicus,to compare the effect in preventing gastrointestinal adverse reactions after chemotherapy between the two groups.Results:The occurrence rates of constipation,nausea,vomiting and poor appetite on the second day and fifth day after chemotherapy were obviously lower in the observation group than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences between the two groups (all P＜0.05).Conclusion:The point application with Da Huang (Rhizoma Rhei Cruda) powder at Shenque (CV 8) plus maxa-salt hot compress on the umbilicus can produce more significant efficacy in preventing the gastrointestinal adverse reactions after chemotherapy for NHL than routine nursing.Moreover,it is simple and easy to be used and popularized.