OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy of acupoint application of antiemetic cream in the treatment of che-motherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. METHODS:90 cases of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)(stage Ⅱ to Ⅲ)treated by chemotherapy(taxol+cisplatin)were randomly divided into antiemetic cream group,Weifuan group and control group,with 30 cas-es in each groupby drawing lots. Control group was given intravenous injection of ondansetron hydrochloride 8 mg 30 min before chemotherapy;antiemetic cream group was additionally given acupoint application of antiemetic cream 30 min before medication on first-forth day on the basis of control group;Weifuan group was additionally given acupoint injection of metoclopramide(brand name:Weifuan) 30 min before medication on first-forth day on the basis of control group. The clinical efficacy of 3 groups were observed during and 3 days after chemotherapy. RESULTS:After chemotherapy,the total control rates of antiemetic cream group (93.33%)and Weifuan group(90.00%)were apparently higher than the control group(66.67%),with statistical significance(P<0.01 or P<0.05);The total effective rates of TCM syndrome in antiemetic cream group (90.00%) and Weifuan group(83.33%) were apparently higher than in control group(60.00%),with statistical significance(P<0.01 or P<0.05). Therapeutic efficacy of antiemetic cream group was similar to Weifuan group,without any statistical significance(P>0.05). However,8 patients had obvi-ously pain at the injection site in Weifuan group,but tolerated to the drugs basically. CONCLUSIONS:The acupoint application of antiemetic cream combined with intravenous injection of ondansetron is effective and easy to operate in the treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy for stage Ⅱ to Ⅲ of NSCLC without pain,scar and sequela,and easy to be accepted by patients.

Objective To study the distribution of intestinal autofluorescent microorganisms in the rat intestine at different developmental stages. Methods The distribution of intestinal autofluorescent microorganisms in rat intestine at va-rious developmental stages was tested and evaluated using a small animals living imaging system. First, standard E. coli strain was tested by fluorescence detection in vitro. Then, the distribution of E. coli under the same test conditions was tested. The intestinal autofluorescent bacteria distribution was detected in the SD rats at 3 days,14 days and 60 days of age. After expanding the range of excitation wavelength fluorescence detection,removing the background of fluorescence feed and feces and other foreign autofluorescent substances. Results E. coli can be excited in the range of 485 -535 nm wave?length and to emit fluorescence. E. coli mainly existed in the stomach and only a few E. coli were found in the ileum of 3?days old SD rat. . In the 14?days old rats, E. coli mainly existed in the stomach and cecum, and only a few E. coli were found in the ileum. In the 60-days old SD rats, E. coli mainly existed in the ileum, and only a few E. coli were found in the colon, cecum and jejunum. After the expansion of the excitation light wavelength range of fluorescence detection, E. co?li were observed mainly in the ileum, and only a few E. coli were found in the stomach in 3?days old SD rat. E. coli mainly existed in the stomach, then the cecum and only a few E. coli were found in the ileum and jejunum in 14-days old SD rats. E. coli could be found in the whole intestinal system but mainly in the ileum and cecumin of the 60-days old rats. Conclu?sions Examining the intestinal autofluorescent microbes with the small animal in vivo imaging system can be helpful and make guidance to study the distribution of intestinal microbes in the host at different developmental stages, and to provide a basis for studying the relationship of intestinal microbes with its host and the gastrointestinal drug administration.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of children with serious pneumonia with ventilatory support,and combined with heart failure,encephalopathy,hyponatramia,acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS).Methods One hundred and fifteen children(81 males,34 females) with serious pneumonia in ICU from Jul.2005 to Jul.2007 were reviewed,The duration of ventilation support was over 48 h.And blood electrolyte,blood gas,cerebrospinal fluid and CT were detected.Results Ninety-three cases had a good outcome,7 cases were given up,15 cases were dead.The complications included heart failure in 60 cases(52.17%);encephalopathy in 40 cases(34.78%),in which tics type in 38 cases(95%),apnea type in 11 cases(27.5%);hyponatremia in 42 cases(36.52%),of which tics type in 31 cases(73.81%),syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuetic hormone in 27 cases(72.97%)resulted in hyponatremia;ARDS in 8 cases(6.96%),pa(O2)/FiO2

Stress urinary incontinence is one of the most common diseases in urinary system.At present,the major methods for treating stress urinary incontinence include medication,physico-behavior therapy and operation.However,for various reasons,the current methods do not yield satisfactory results.As a newly emerging technique,tissue engineering provides a new concept and method to treat stress urinary incontinence.The application of tissue engineering in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence is reviewed in this article.

Objective To explore the method of culture of rat adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs) and differentiation induction into myoblasts. Methods Adipose tissues were obtained from SD rats,and were isolated by enzyme digestion and cultured into ADSCs.The expression of surface antigen CD90,CD105 and CD34 was detected by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry.ADSCs of the second passage with logarithmic growth were obtained,and culture media containing 5-azacytidine(5-aza) and basic culture media were employed for cells in induction group and control group,respectively.The induction lasted for 7 d,14 d,21 d,28 d and 35 d,respectively.Cell growth and cell morphology were observed by inverted phase contrast microscope,and immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were utilized to detect the expression of myoblast specific antigens desmin and myosin. Results ADSCs were successfully isolated and cultured,and were identified to be stem cells.On the 28th day of induction,cells in induction group displayed "swirl" morpholgy,and multinucleation was observed.It was revealed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry that the highest expression rates of desmin and myosin were 52.57% and 50.04%,respectively on the 28th day of induction,while there was no expression before induction and in control group. Conclusion ADSCs can be isolated and cultured from rat adipose tissues,and can further differentiate into myoblasts after induction by culture media with 5-aza.The expression of myoblast specific antigen is the highest on the 28th day of induction.

Objective To explore the effect of different indexes on evaluating insulin resistance in obese children. Methods Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in obese children (n= 61) and age - matched normal volunteers( n= 23) Serum glucose and insulin levels were determined at 0,30,60,120,180 min after OGTT, insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Indexes such as the ratio of area under the curve of glucose(AUCG)/area under the curve of insulin(AUCI), the ratio of fasting blood sugar(FBG) and fasting blood insulin (FINS) were meanwhile calculated. Results The level of serum FINS was significantly higher in obese children(P

To compare the characteristics of absorption and pharmacokinetic behavior of ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) with ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) of panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), bile excretion of both Rg1 and Rb1 were studied after i.v. and i.g. of PNS solution. Plasma protein binding ratios were studied using equilibrium dialysis method, and referred to pharmacokinetic parameters. It shows that (61.48 +/- 18.30)% dose of Rg1 and (3.94 +/- 1.49)% dose of Rb1 were separately excreted into bile 10 hours after i.v. administration (PNS 50 mg x mL(-1)), and (0.91 +/- 0.51)% dose of Rg1 and (0.055 +/- 0.02)% dose of Rb1 were excreted into bile 12 hours after i.g. administration (PNS 1 500 mg x mL(-1)). Plasma protein binding degrees of Rg1 and Rb1 were 6.56% - 12.74% and 80.1% - 89.69%, respectively. Stomach, intestinal and hepatic throughput efficiency (F(S), F1 and F(H)) for Rg1 were 49.85%, 13.05%, 50.56%, respectively, and 25.82%, 4.18%, 65.77% for Rb1. Therefore, poor intestinal absorption is a primary reason for the low bioavailability of both Rg1 and Rb1. Rg1 possesses relatively high bile excretion and low plasma protein binding rate, in contrast, Rb1 possesses low bile excretion and high plasma protein binding rate. Membrane permeability and elimination rate of Rb1 were lower than that of Rg1, meanwhile, longer MRT and bigger AUC could be found for Rb1.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Bile ; secretion ; Biological Availability ; Ginsenosides ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Intestinal Absorption ; Male ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Protein Binding ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics

Water in oil (W/O) microemulsion formulation was developed to enhance intestinal absorption of ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) of panax notoginseng (PNS). Effects of W/O microemulsions on pharmacokinetics after intraduodenal administration, membrane fluidity and membrane transport of Rb, were studied in rats, liposomes and parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), respectively. Soybean phospholipids/ethanol (SP/EtOH) was selected as surfactant/cosurfactant, together with PNS 400 mg x mL(-1) solution and various kinds of oils, to prepare 11 W/O microemulsions. Most of the microemulsions can enhance Rb1 intestinal absorption significantly. Besides surfactant/cosurfactant, oil also had an effect on the enhanced absorption and the order of enhancement was as follows: glyceryl laurate approximately = isopropyl myristate > isopropyl palmitate > 2-ethylhexanol palmitate. The effection of absorption enhancement by the long chain glyceride ( > C14) is lower than that by the medium chain glyceride (C8 - C14). Most of W/O microemulsions were found to enhance the membrane fluidity of liposomes to different extents. In PAMPA analysis, efficient permeability coefficient (Pe) of diluted-microemulsion (D-ME) is mostly higher than that of PNS solution, which indicated the components of microemulision can facilitate the membrane permeability of the drug. Meanwhile, linearity correlation between Pe and ratio of relative bioavailability (Fr) was acquired for undiluted microemulison (ME). Therefore, W/O microemulsions can enhance intestinal absorption of Rbr, and this effect may be attiributed to its enhancement on membrane fluidity to a certain degree. PAMPA analysis could be brought into not only the investigation of membrane transport of crude drug, but also conditioned preformulation research (e.g. absorption enhancer etc.).
Animals ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Emulsions ; Ginsenosides ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Intestinal Absorption ; Male ; Membrane Fluidity ; Oils ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Permeability ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Surface-Active Agents ; chemistry ; Water

Objective To investigate the production path of major histocompatibility complex class Ⅰ chain-related gene A(MICA) antibodies and the impact on the therapeutic efficacy after acute rejection in renal transplantation recipients.Methods Luminex flow cytometry was used to detect antiMICA antibodies and the antibody specificity in 157 pre-transplant kidney transplant recipients randomly selected.The clinical data were collected,anti-MICA antibody production pathway and immunoglobulin types were analyzed,and the impact of IgM anti-MICA antibody and IgM&IgG complex anti-MICA antibodies on acute rejection (AR) incidence and therapeutic efficacy after renal transplantation.Results Of the total 157 recipients,19 recipients were positive for anti-MICA antibodies before renal transplantation in 68 recipients who had history of blood transfusion,pregnancy and transplant sensitized experience (27.9％ ); In 89 recipients having no sensitized experience,MICA antibodies were positive in 26 recipients (29.2％ ) (P＞0.05).In 45 anti-MICA antibody-positive recipients,the anti-MICA antibodies type was IgM in 26 cases having no sensitized experience; and that was IgG and IgM complex in 19 cases having sensitized experience.In 38 antiMICA antibody-positive recipients undergoing kidney transplantation,7 out of 22 IgM anti-MICA antibodies recipients had AR (31.8％) that was reversed by methylprednisolone pulse therapy,and 7out of 16 IgM&IgG complex anti-MICA antibodies recipients had AR (43.8％) and treated with methylprednisolone pulse therapy:reversion in 3 recipients (42.9％),and the graft function loss in 4 recipients.The AR incidence was not associated with the two immunoglobulin types of MICA antibodies(P＞0.05),but there was significant difference in the reversal rate of AR (P＜0.05).Conclusion For non-allergenic history recipients,there exists the classic “natural antibodies” pathway in the production of the anti-MICA antibodies whose immunoglobulin type was IgM.In addition,the reversal effect of AR in recipients with IgM anti-MICA antibodies was much better.We need to attach importance to IgM&IgG complex anti-MICA antibodies for the pre-transplant anti-MICA antibodies in renal transplant recipients,because their AR treatment outcome is poor.

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) nuclear factor kappa-?B(NF-?B) in children with primary nephritic syndrome(PNS) and the effect of astragalus on the activity of NF-?B.Methods Twenty-five children with PNS and 20 normal children were studied.Isolated PBMC were separated from 5 mL venous blood in asepsis condition.NF-?B stimulator,NF-?B inhabitor and astragalus were added into the different tubes of PBMC,respectively.The nuclear protein was extracted from the pellets and the optical density(A) values of nuclear protein was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The activity of PBMC NF-?B in PNS group was higher than that in normal group(P0.05).Astragalus could decrease the activity of PBMC NF-?B which had been stimulated by interleukin-1?(IL-1?)(P