In order to assess the effect of long-term versus short-term intravesical chemotherapy in preventing the recurrence of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, we searched several databases with words as mesh terms and free text words to find all eligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for the comparison of the two strategies of instillation durations. "Observed-Expected events research (O-E)" and "Variance (V)" for calculating hazard ratio (HR) were used in Revman 5.2 software recommended by Cochrane Collabration for data analysis. Sensitivity and subgroup analysis were selected to minish heterogeneity. GRADEpro 3.6 profile recommended by Cochrane Collabration was employed for quality assessment of analyses. Finally, 13 eligible RCTs with 4216 patients were included in this review and 16 comparisons from 13 trials were involved for analysis. The pooled analysis revealed no significant difference between long-term and short-term duration [HR=0.99, 95% CI (0.89, 1.11), P=0.89]. Within the subgroup analysis, patients benefited from long-term instillations with a start regimen of one immediate instillation [HR=0.83, 95% CI (0.69, 1.00), P=0.05]. But patients were not suitable to receive long-term instillations with epirubicin (EPI) [HR=1.01, 95% CI (0.91, 1.13), P=0.78]. The progression rate was not reduced after long-term instillations [HR=0.96, 95% CI (0.66, 1.39), P=0.82]. From our results, patients should not receive introvesical chemotherapy more than half a year. In contrast, patients with one immediate instillation are preferred to have a long-term duration at least one year. Long-term instillations can not reduce the progression rate.

Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Humans

Objective To report 3 cases of using the EXIT(ex-utero intrapartum treatment)procedure in the peri-surgical caring of congenital diaphragmatic hernia of neonatus.Methods Preparing and consulting of multiple clinical departments before operation,inhibit uterine contraction to avoid placental abruption.Keep puerperae and their babies warm.Result No complications happened to neither maternity nor neonatus.Conclusion Co-operations of multiple clinical departmens were essential to the successful using the EXIT(ex-utero intrapartum treatment)procedure in the congenital diaphragmatic hernia of neonatus.

Objective To analyze the electrocardiography(ECG)data of pressure overload-induced cardiac hy pertrophy rats.Methods Pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy was induced by abdominal aorta constriction. Echocardiogram and heart weight measurement demonstrated the occurrence of cardiac hypertrophy.Standardized ECG parameters of limb and chest were measured and statistically analyzed.Results Two weeks after hypertrophy models were established,echocardiogram showed greater LVPWTd,IVSTd,LVDd.ECG showed that left axis deviation and higher R waves in V_A,V_B,V_C(P

Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; therapy

Referring to the rules for agricultural seed testing (GB /T 3543-1995) issued by China, the test of sampling, seed purity, weight per 1 000 seeds, seed moisture, seed viability and germination rate had been studied for screening seed quality test methods of Pesudostellaria heterophylla. The seed quality from different collection areas was measured. The results showed that at least 6.5 g seeds should be sampled and passed through 10-mesh sieve for purity analysis. The weight of 1 000 seeds was determined by using the 500-seed method. The phenotypic observation and size measurement were used for authenticity testing. The seed moisture was determined under the higher temperature (130 ± 2) degrees C for 5 hours. The seeds were dipped into 0.2% TTC sustaining 1 hour at 40 degrees C, then the viability could be determined. The break dormancy seeds were cultured on sand at 10 degrees C. K cluster analysis was applied for the data analysis, the seed quality from different collection areas grading of P. Heterophylla was described as three grades. The seed quality of each grade should reach following requirements: for first grade seeds, germination rate ≥ 86%, 1 000-grain weight ≥ 2.59 g, purity ≥ 87%, moisture ≤ 13.1%; for second grade seeds, germination rate ≥ 70%, 1 000-grain weight ≥ 2.40 g, purity ≥ 77%, moisture ≤ 14.3%; for third grade seeds, germination rate ≥ 41%, 1 000-grain weight ≥ 2.29 g, purity ≥ 76%, moisture ≤ 15.8%. The seed testing methods for quality items of P. heterophylla had been initially established, as well as the primary P. heterophylla seed quality classification standard.
Caryophyllaceae ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Germination ; Quality Control ; Seeds ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Water ; analysis

Cochlear Nerve ; chemistry ; pathology ; Cranial Nerve Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Heart Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neurilemmoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vimentin ; metabolism

ObjectiveTo explore the potential value of diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) in the clinical diagnosis of soft-tissue tumors.MethodsDiffusion-weighted MRI was performed in 48 histologically proven soft-tissue tumor cases using diffusion-weighted spin-echo sequences.Of the 48 soft-tissue tumor cases,there were 28 cases of sarcoma and 20 cases of benign tumor.The apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) values of a large region with no necrosis,scar tissue,hemorrhage or calcification representing the lesion were measured.ADC values of benign tumors,malignant tumors and normal muscles were compared.ResultsThe ADC value of the malignant tumors (0.95 ± 0.31 )× 10-3mm2/s was significantly lower than that of benign lesions( 1.87 ±0.66) × 10-3mm2/s and muscles( 1.62 ±0.50) × 10 -3mm2/s.There was no significant difference in ADC value between benign lesions and muscles.Sensitivity(75％ ) and specificity(89％ ) were obtained when the ADC value was 1.38 × 10-3mm2/s in the differentiation of benign and malignant tumors.ConclusionDiffusion-weighted MRI had potential value in differentiating benign softtissue tumors from malignant ones.

Objective:To supply the reliable evidence for a further research of the TCM syndrome of hyperuricemia and treating it with traditional Chinese medicine,we try to verification the risk factors and to research TCM syndrome differentiation for diagnosis in patients with hyperuricacidemia.Methods: We selected cases according to the standard of hyperuricacidemia's diagnose and adopted the method of retrospective and prospective analysis.Each of cases was investigated and filled in the form.These data were processed through statistical method in the end.Results: Clinical investigation selected 109 cases patients with hyperuricacidemia.First,male group incidence rate was higher than female.Second,incidence rate was increasing with age(r=0.826 p

Objective To investigate the acute effect of dialysate calcium concentration on calcium balance and blood pressure(BP) of maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) patients with normal serum tCa,and to provide scien- tific basis for individualized calcium concentration dialysate formula.Methods For 4 weeks,dialysate with different calcium concentrations as DCa 1.25,DCa 1.5 and DCa 1.75 was used in 15 stable MHD patients.Arterial blood pressure was measured before and after each dialysis session,and every 30 minutes during hemodialysis session.Serum total calcium and ionized calcium were assessed before and after each dialysis session with different calcium concen- trations dialysate.Results With the DCa 1.2.5,BP,serum tCa and iCa decreased as compared with pre-dialysis val- ues(P