To introduce the prophylaxis methods and dealing experiences of the common malfunctions of electronic gastroscopy. To summarize the prophylaxis methods and dealing experiences of the common malfunctions of electronic gastroscopy in recent years. To do everything carefully in the prophylaxis of the common malfunctions could ensure the high definition and resolution of the electronic gastroscopy. To manipulate properly with effective methods of preventing and dealing common malfunctions in use of electronic gastroscopy can not only lower the cost of repair but also prolong the service life of the machine.

Air ; analysis ; Hydrobromic Acid ; analysis ; Ion-Selective Electrodes ; Workplace

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs), which are widely distributed in the excitable cells, are the primary mediators of electrical signal amplification and propagation. They play important roles in the excitative conduction of the neurons and cardiac muscle cells. The abnormalities of the structures and functions of VGSCs can change the excitability of the cells, resulting in a variety of diseases such as neuropathic pain, epilepsy and arrhythmia. At present, some voltage-gated sodium channel blockers are used for treating those diseases. In the recent years, several neurotoxins have been purified from the venom of the animals, which could inhibit the current of the voltage-gated sodium channels. Usually, these neurotoxins are compounds or small peptides that have been further designed and modified for targeted drugs of sodium channelopathies in the clinical treatment. In addition, a novel cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRBGP) has been isolated and purified from the buccal gland of the lampreys (Lampetra japonica), and it could inhibit the Na+ current of the hippocampus and dorsal root neurons for the first time. In the present study, the progress of the sodium channelopathies and the biological functions of voltage-gated sodium channel blockers are analyzed and summarized.
Animals ; Channelopathies ; physiopathology ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Neurotoxins ; pharmacology ; Venoms ; chemistry ; Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology

BACKGROUND: Prognosis is determined by degrees of outside force and time of spinal cord compression after spinal cord injury. The former factor cannot be changed, but the latter one can be changed through relieving spinal cord compression as early as possible to promote nervous function recovery.OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of surgical intervention time on nervous function recovery within 72 hours and 10 to 14 days after cervical spinal cord injury.DESIGN: Randomized controlled and before-after controlled study.SETTING: Department of Spine Surgery of the Second Hospital affiliated to Harbin Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 32 patients with cervical spinal cord injury were selected from the Department of Spine Surgery of the Second Hospital affiliated to Harbin Medical University from April 1998 to August 2001.All patients were divided into two groups according to randomly alternative criteria. There were 16 cases including 10 males and 6 females in early surgical group (within 72 hours) and there were also 16 cases including 12males and 4 females in delayed surgical group (within 10-14 days).METHODS: Patients in early surgical group were undertaken operation at 72 hours after hospitalization, and patients in delayed surgical group were at 10-14 days after hospitalization. Frankel grade, sensory and motor scores were recorded according to criteria set by American Spinal Injury Association before operation and within 24 months after operation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Sensory and motor scores before and after operation; ② Frankel grade before and after operation.RESULTS: ① Improved level of sensory score (difference before and after operation) was higher in early surgical group than that in delayed surgical group (42.6±20.2, 19.2±19.1, P ＜ 0.01). ② Improved level of motor score (difference before and after operation) was higher in early surgical group than that in delayed surgical group (39.7±17.8, 17.3±18.6, P ＜ 0.01). ③Improved level of Frankel grade in early surgical group was superior to that in delayed surgical group (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Nervous function recovery of patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury who were suffered from operation within 72 hours is superior to that of those within 10 to 14 days. Therefore, surgical intervention should be undertaken as early as possible in order to promote nervous function recovery after cervical spinal cord injury.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the formation of pigmented biliary calculus and biliary H.pylori infection.Methods Bile from 35 patients with pigmented biliary calculus and 10 healthy controls was cultured for aerobic,anaerobic and H.pylori.The expression of H.pylori- DNA in bile,bile duct mucosa and pigmented calculus were determined by PCR.The expression of H. pylori associated protein in bile duct mucosa was determined by Western-blot and Warthin-Starry staining.Results H.pylori culture was negative in all bile samples.In 35 patients with biliary pigmen- ted calculus,H.pylori was detected by PCR in the center of calculus,bile and bile duct mucosa of 14.29%,31.43% and 56.67% patients,respectively.Among H.pylori-DNA positive bile samples,7 contained anti-CagA antibodies,and 6 contained Vac A.in addition to Vacuolating cytotoxin(35000), glycoprotein(30000),Urase Band Urase A.Bacteria resembling H.pylori by Warthin-Starry stainning were found in 7 of 30(23.33%)bile duct mueosal samples from patients with biliary pigmented calculus. H.pylori-DNA and its associated protein were not detected in all bile and bile duct mucosae samples from the healthy controls.Conclusions The evidence of H.pylori-DNA and its associated protein in biliary system might indicate the role of H.pylori in the formation of biliary pigmented calculus.

Objective To investigate the relationship between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) activity and PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G polymorphism in patients with type 2 diabetes from the coastal areas of Shandong province.Methods The 4G/5G allele polymorphism in the PAI1 gene promoter region were tested by allele specific PCR in 116 type 2 diabetes and 40 normal controls.The activity of plasma PAI-1 was assayed by chromogenic substrate method.Results The plasma PAI-1 activity in patients was higher than that in controls(P

Objective To determine the incidence, clinical manifestation and risk factors of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndromes (IRIS) in highly active antirctroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV/AIDS patients. Methods Two hundred and twelve HIV/AIDS patients received HAART, and were followed up for 6 months. The incidence time and disease spectrum of IRIS were observed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for IRIS. Results Among 212 patients, there were 59 (27.8%) experienced an IRIS event during the first 6 months of HAART, 2 of which died (2/59,3.39% ). Median time of IRIS onset was 21 days form HAART initiation. The disease spectrum included tuberculosis, herpes virus infections, pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, cryptococcal meningitis and penicillium marneffei infection. Risk factors of IRIS included baseline infections ( OR = 1. 655, P =0.010),fever during HAART ( OR = 2. 344, P= 0.006), and baseline CD4 + count ( OR = 1. 556, P = 0. 034).Conclusions IRIS usually occurred within the first month from HAART initiation, and tuberculosis and herpes virus infection are most common. The occurrence of IRIS is associated with the antigens burden and the decreased baseline CD4 + count.

OBJECTIVETo establish the quality standard of Entadae Semen, and provide scientific basis for its quality control.

METHODTLC and HPLC were used for qualitative identification and quantitative analysis of phaseoloidin and entadamide A-O-β-D-glucopyranoside in Entadae Semen. The test of water content, ash and ethanol-soluble extractives of Entadae Semen was carried out according to the methods recorded in appendix of Chinese Pharmacopeia (2010 edition).

RESULTThe TLC was well separated with clear spots. The linear range of phaseoloidin was between 0.014 to 2.747 g x L(-1) (r = 0.999 6, n = 9) with an average recovery rate of 101.06% (RSD 0.90%, n = 6); the linear range of entadamide A-O-β-D-glucopyranoside was between 0.002 to 0.452 g x L(-1) (r = 0.999 7, n = 9) withan average recovery rate of 101.52% (RSD 1.09%, n = 6). The content of phaseoloidin in sample is between 5.12% to 9.24%, entadamide A-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is between 0.55% to 2.17%, alcohol-soluble extracts is between 30.9% to 45.2%, water is between 6.6% to 8.6%, and total ash is between 2.4% to 2.9%.

CONCLUSIONThe established standard is acceptable for quality control of Entadae Semen.

China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Fabaceae ; chemistry ; Quality Control

Conventional diagnostic methods used for pathologic nipple discharge (PND) include color ultrasound, mammary mo-lybdenum target X-ray radiography (mammography), nipple cytologic smears, and ductography. Diagnosis of PND through inspection yields indirect signs and has low positive rate. Fiberoptic ductoscopy (FDS) allows direct visualization of intra-ductal lesions, evaluates etiology of PND, and accurately locates intraductal lesions through wire marking. FDS is a valuable test for the early diagnosis of breast cancer and can help identify appropriate location for surgical excision. Interventional treatment for ductal ectasia and inflamma-tion is also efficient. Our study discusses FDS as a novel diagnosis and treatment method for PND patients.