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OBJECTIVE: To optimize the formulation of ketamine hydrochloride for intranasal administration that was of effective anesthetic effect.METHODS: Using ketamine hydrochloride injection as basic preparation,various nasal absorption enhancer or viscosity modifiers(0.5%,1% and 2% azone,EDTA,carbomer,2-hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin,carboxymethyl cellulose) were added to make different nasal drops.After intranasal administration,the anesthetic effect was evaluated to find the optimum formulation.The behavior of anesthetic induction period and anesthetic index were used to evaluate the anesthetic effect.RESULTS: The perfect anesthetic effect was achieved when the formulation was prepared by adding 1% azone in ketamine hydrochloride injection(at a dose of 10 mg?kg-1).The anesthetic time was long.The muscle relaxing time,eyelid reflecting disappearing time,pain disappearing time and righting reflecting disappearing time were(21.4?7.1) min,(11.4?4.6) min,(15.6?5.7) min and(12.0?4.8) min,respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Optimal formulation of ketamine hydrochloride for intranasal administration was obtained when 1% azone was added as an absorption enhancer.

Objective:To explore the application effect of 3D printing teaching model on spinal surgery teaching.Methods:A total of 50 eight-year clinical medical students of Batch 2015 were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Traditional teaching mode was used in the control group and 3D printing teaching model was used in the experimental group. The performance of graduation from the department, teaching experience indicators and teaching satisfaction were compared between the two groups. SPSS 22.0 was used for t test. Results:The performance of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group ( P < 0.05). The scores of teaching experience indicators in the experimental group were all higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The satisfaction rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:3D printing teaching model can significantly improve students' theoretical knowledge assessment and surgical design evaluation, and improve the teaching effect and students' satisfaction.

Cerebral white matter damage is the most common form of brain injury in premature infants,which is the main cause of neurological and mental injury and cerebral palsy.Imaging examination plays an important role in the diagnosis and follow-up of white matter damage.Because of the safe and accurate characteristics,nuclear magnetic resonance has become the most common imagine form.Different from the traditional nuclear magnetic resonance technique,diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can get quantitative analysis of cerebral white matter fiber bundle in vivo.This technology has become a powerful tool for the evaluation of white matter damage.The article summarizes the application of DTI in the neurodevelopmental evaluation of cerebral white matter damage in premature infants.

Objective:To investigate the effect of X-irradiation on Adhesion molecules and their related biological characteristics of Human Lung.Methods:A549 cells were irradiated with varying doses of X-rays.MTT assay was employed to evaluate the effects of X-irradiation on the proliferative inhibition of A549 cells.The immunocytochemical method was employed to analyze the protein expression levels of E-cadherin and ?-catenin.The transwell chambers were employed to evaluate the invasion of A549 cells.Results:X-irradiation could inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner.The protein expression of E-cadherin and ?-catenin in A549 were higher than that in control group(P

Acrylonitrile ; toxicity ; Animals ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Testis ; drug effects ; pathology

Objective To explore the risk factors of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning(AOPP). Method The patients with acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning,admitted from September 2004 to August 2005,were retrospectively analyzed.The 87 patients were divided into groups according to the presence or absence of combined conditions including hypotension,hypoxemia or metabolic acidosis.Acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ)score was calculated.The chi-square test was used to examine the mortality between those groups.Results The total in-hospital mortality of 87 acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning patients was 21.8%.The mean APACHEⅡscore was(7.58?5.32)in the 68 survivors and(21.17～9.46)in the 19 dead,there were significant differences between the survivors and the dead(t=9.25,P20 was 65.2%(15/23),andit was 6.3% (4/64)in patients with APACHEII score

0.05 ). But CD8 +CD28 -T suppressor cells from colitis rats was significantly higher than that from controls (spleen: 11.3% ? 2.3% vs. 5.6% ? 1.0% ; colon: 6.5% ?5.4% vs. 1.1 %? 0.6% , P 0.05 ; colon: 7.5% ? 4.2% vs. 16.9% ? 4.1% , P

Tumor recurrence is the main factor affecting the postoperative prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.The forecast of tumor recurrence by monitoring biomarker can effectively improve the prognosis of such disease.To improve the detection rate of early cancer recurrence can be achieved by detecting the level of the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP),Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of AFP (AFP-L3),des-γ-carboxyprothrombin (DCP),or combined detection.In recent years,the researches on the miRNA and Long Noncoding RNAs (LncRNA),which are key regulators in the upstream of signal pathways,could provide a new way for HCC recurrence monitoring.The combined detection of biomarkers in different control levels,maybe is the effective measure to improve the tumor recurrence detection rate,and is also the focus of the further research.

Objective:To collect data about suicide in suicide attemptors after 1 year of their suicidal action Method: 60 suicide attemptors were collected After one year of their suicidal behavior, they were assessed by LES (life event scale), SAS (self-rating anxiety scale) and SDS (self-rating depression scale) Results: None of them completed suicide one year later Four of them had at least another suicide attempt (6 7%), while eleven of them still had suicide ideas (18 3%) They had less scores in LES, SAS and SDS than one year before Those still with idea of suicide had higher scores of all these scales than those without The risk factors for reattempt of suicide included high score of LES, age and physical illness Conclusion: After one year, some of suicide attemptors still have suicide ideas and are in bad mood