Objective: To explore the protective effect of leptin against rats intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury and the related mechanism. Methods: Ninety-nine rats were randomly divided into 11 groups (n=9), namely the sham-operation group, ischemia/reperfusion groups (45 min ischemia plus 15 reperfusion [I45R15,I45R30,I45R60,I45R180,I45R360)and the 5 corresponding leptin-treated ischemia-reperfusion groups. The serum levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were determined in all groups and the histopathological changes were observed in the small intestine. Results: Compared with the sham-operation group, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were significantly increased in the ischemia/ reperfusion groups (both P<0.05), with obvious pathological damage observed in the ischemia/reperfusion groups. Leptin treatment significantly decreased TNF-α level, increased IL-10 level, and alleviated the damage of the small intestine (all P<0.05) of animals after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Conclusion: Leptin can alleviate the intestinal damage in rats after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion through down-regulating TNF-α level and up-regulating IL-10 levels.

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; therapeutic use

Antiphospholipid Syndrome ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Child ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; complications ; Male

Objective To investigate the hypothesis that food allergy in infants may be associated with variation in their intestinal microflora. The formation of intestinal microflora in healthy infants and changes in food allergic infants were detected.Methods 16S rRNA gene sequences specific for bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and escherichia coli in fecal were quantitatively detected by real-time PCR. The three fecal floras were assessed in 71 healthy infants and 100 infants with food allergy. Results After birth,there were bifidobacteria colonized in infantile intestine,then the number increased rapidly up to 5 times at the sixth month, which was always the preponderant flora. Lactobacilli was also presented in infantile intestine 1 month after birth and augment gradually. The number of Escherichia coli was less than bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and appeared to decline during the early infants. The number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the infants with food allergy were markedly less than that in the healthy infants, but escherichia coli was significantly more than that in the healthy infants.Conclusions During the first year of life,the intestinal microflora in infants is in a developing process. Compared with the healthy infants,bifidobacteria and lactobacilli decrease, but escherichia coli increase in the food allergic infants.These results indicate that the probiotics may be benefit to the prevention and treatment of food allergy.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Diet, High-Fat ; Ghrelin ; blood ; Lipids ; blood ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats

Adolescent ; Heart Valve Diseases ; etiology ; Heart Valves ; pathology ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; complications ; pathology ; Male

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of melatonin on the gastrointestinal motility and plasma levels of the stress hormone in overtraining rats.

METHODThirty adult SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10): control group, over-training group, melatonin intervention group. 30 min before each training, rats in the control and over-training groups were fed with normal saline (15 mg/kg) once a day and 5 times per week, while rats in the melatonin intervention group were administrated with melatonin, perfusion in the intervention group (15 mg/kg). Excessive training group and melatonin intervention group rats were subjected to excessive training at 5 times a week for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, the gastric emptying rate, small intestinal propulsion ratio and levels of plasma motilin (MTL) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), cortisol (CORT) and catecholamines (CA) were observed in all groups.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the gastric emptying rate, small intestinal propulsion ratio and levels of plasma MTL, CORT and CA were increased significantly (P < 0.01) while the content of CGRP was reduced (P < 0.01) in over-training group. After treated with melatonin, this trend was reversed, that was, the gastric emptying rate, small intestinal propulsion ratio and levels of plasma MTL, CORT and CA were surpressed significantly (P < 0.01) while the content of CGRP was improved obviously (P < 0.01) in over-training group.

CONCLUSIONMelatonin plays an important role in protecting gastrointestinal tract from dysfunction, in which MTL, CGRP, CORT and CA are all involved.

Animals ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; blood ; Catecholamines ; blood ; Fatigue ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Hydrocortisone ; blood ; Melatonin ; pharmacology ; Motilin ; blood ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stress, Physiological

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of Tanshinone ⅡA sulfonic acid sodium injection on blood supply and blood rheology of patients with central retinal vein occlusion )CRVO). METHODS:92 CRVO patients were selected and randomly divided into control group and trial group with 46 cases in each group. Control group was given routine treatment of laser photocoagulation;trial group was additionally given Tanshinone ⅡA sulfonic acid sodium injection 80 mg added into 0.9% Sodium chloride injection 150 ml,ivgtt,qd. A treatment course of 2 groups lasted for 7 days,and both received 4 courses of treatment. The hemodynamics and hemorheology of central retinal artery (CRA) were recorded in 2 groups before and after treatment. The fluorescence angiogra-phy (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of 2 groups were also observed. RESULTS:Before treatment,there was no statistically significant difference in Vmax,Vmin and RI of CRA between 2 groups (P>0.05);after treatment,Vmax,Vmin and RI of CRA in 2 groups were improved significantly,the trial group was better than control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). After treatment,whole blood high shear viscosity,whole blood low shear viscosity,plasma specific viscosity and fibrinogen of trial group were significantly lower than those of control group,and FFA and OCT of trial group were better than those of control group, with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:TanshinoneⅡA sulfonic acid sodium injection can obviously improve hemo-dynamics and hemorheology of CRVO and blood supply and vision of lateral eye.

Objective:To explicit phenylephrine (PE), α1-adrenergic receptor (α1-AR) on myocardial fibrosis regulation and interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expressions in pressure overloaded mice.
Methods:A total of 49 KM mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: Blank control group, n=7, Sham operation group, n=7, Transverse abdominal aortic constriction (TAC) group, n=35, and 8 weeks later, the mice in TAC group were further divided into 5 sub-groups as TAC control, TAC+PE, TAC+Praz, TAC+Prop, TAC+Carv sub-groups, n=5 in each sub-group, and the animals were respectively treated for 3 weeks. Left ventricular collagen volume fraction (CVE), hydroxyproline content and IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α expressions were examined respectively.
Results: By 8 weeks treatment, compared with Blank control group, TAC group had obvious myocardial fibrosis, increased hydroxyproline content and IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α expressions,P<0.001. Compared with TAC control sub-group, TAC+PE, AC+Prop, TAC+Carv sub-groups showed decreased CVF, hydroxyproline content and IL-1, IL-6, TNF-αexpressions,P<0.001, while the above changes were not obvious in TAC+Praz sub-group,P>0.05; CVE and hydroxyproline content were similar between TAC+PE and TAC+Prop sub-groups, while the expressions of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α were obviously decreased in TAC+Prop sub-group,P<0.05. Conclusion: PE may improve myocardial ifbrosis and IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α expressions by activating α1-AR in pressure overloaded mice, α1-AR might be a defending factor for myocardial ifbrosis.

AIM:To observe the effects of adiponectin on injury of the 3-4 d SD rat cardiomyocytes induced by the intervention of H2O2.METHODS:Primary cardiomyocytes were obtained from neonatal rat and were cultured by enzymatic digestion methods.The molecular marker was observed by ?-actin immunocytochemistry.Primary cultured 3-4 d cells were used in experiment,and the injury model was established by H2O2,and adiponectin and Ara-A were used for pre-treatment before cell culture.The morphological change of cardiomyocytes was observed under electron microscope.The contents of LDH,MDA and the activity of SOD were measured.The apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and Annexin V/PI staining with flow cytometry.RESULTS:Adiponectin pretreatment significantly decreased the release of LDH(P