Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Ribavirin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Standard of Care

Hepatitis B virus ; immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; immunology ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance

There are many viruses causing liver injury in clinic, including hepatophilic and non-hepatophilic viruses. With the extensive vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine and strict management of blood products in newborns, patients with chronic hepatitis B and C will gradually decrease, while liver damage caused by non-hepatitis virus will gradually increase, which should be paid much attention to highly valued by clinicians.

1.0?10~7 copies/mL. The HBsAg IHC staining positive cells could be observed in 6 placental tissues and 3 fetus' liver tissues,and HBcAg was also positive in 1 case of fetus' liver tissue.After co-incubating the tropho- blastic cells and HBV DNA positive serum in vitro,HBsAg expression and HBV DNA could be detected.Apoptosis of HBV-infected trophoblastic cells increased,which was demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro experiments and the apoptosis of placental cells was correlated with the cord blood HBV DNA level.The results of in vitro experiments showed that the apoptosis of trophoblastic cells increased with the elongation of infection time.After 6 months,1 of 12 newborns was positive for HBsAg,HBeAg and anti-HBc,6 was positive for anti-HBs.Conclusions The mechanism of HBV intra-uterine infection may be that HBV breaches the placental barrier and infects the fetus.The localization and replication of HBV in fetal tissues and organs are probably the important factors of chronic HBV infections in neonates.The apoptosis of trophoblastic cells may be the protective mecha- nism for the placental barrier to block the HBV intra-uterine transmission.

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferons ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; transmission ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; prevention & control ; Nucleotides ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; prevention & control

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Nucleotides ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Retreatment

Bacterial Infections ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; therapy ; Peritonitis ; diagnosis ; therapy

Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Genotype ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Polyethylene Glycols ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; RNA, Viral ; blood ; Ribavirin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Viral Load