Human Growth Hormone ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Recombinant Proteins ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the anatomic relationship between the upper thoracic vertebrae and adjacent structures in anterior approach of upper thoracic spine, an anatomy study was conducted and its clinical significance was evaluated. Methods Twenty upper thoracic spine specimens of adult human cadaver were exposed, measured and studied for their anatomic landmarks. The origin, course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, thoracic duct and blood vessels and their relationship were measured and analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of different surgical approaches exposing the upper thoracic vertebrae were also evaluated and compared. Results The right recurrent laryngeal nerve reaches the tracheo-esophageal groove at the level of C6-7 disc in 55% of the specimens and derives from vagus nerve at the level of T1,2. The thoracic duct empties into the systemic venous system from T1 to T1-2 disc space in 75% of the specimens and among them, more than 50% up to T1 level. The left brachiocephalic vein is at T3 in 55% of the specimens; and the aortic arch is at T3-4 disc in 80% of the specimens. The anterior aspect of T3 can be easily exposed through a modified anterior approach to the upper thoracic vertebrae in only 45% of the specimens(9), compared with outside space of the brachiocephalic trunk(between the right brachiocephalic vein and the brachiocephalic trunk and left brachiocephalic vein) in 95% of the specimens (19). Conclusion Surgical approach through outside space of the brachiocephalic trunk is simple and adequate to expose the T3,4 vertebra body and can get more exposed space of 0.5-1 of the vertebra body than through inner space of the brachiocephalic trunk and can be utilized selectively during anterior upper thoracic spine surgery. Attention should be paid to avoid injury of vagus nerve in the middle, right recurrent laryngeal nerve on the right and thoracic duct on the left, respectively.

Objective To investigate the procedure of anterior thoracic corpectomy and the surgical outcomes of upper thoracic spine tumors by the right space of the ascending aorta and the right space of the brachiocephalic artery. Methods 12 patients underwent surgery between June 2000 and January 2006. There were 8 cases of primary tumors and 4 metastatic carcinomas, 4 cases of tumor in T3 and 6 cases in T4 and 3 cases in T3,4. The anterior modified transmanubrium approach was made. After the exposure of the tumor through the right space of the ascending aorta and the right space of the brachiocephalic artery, the involved vertebral body and contiguous discs were resected, the spinal cord was decompressed. Curettage was performed in 3 cases for other tumors, en bloc vertebrectomies were performed. As a body replacement, in case of benign disease autogenous bone graft harvested from the dorsal iliac crest was used, and for malignant bone tumors using bone cement. To secure the strut, anterior cervical titanium alloy plates were used until T5. Neurological status was graded according to Frankel grading system. Results 6 cases of bradycardia and hypotension or increasing airway resistance occurred intraoperatively. The mean follow-up period was 28.6 months (range 4-66 months). 3 patients with autogenous bone graft had bone union 6 months postoperatively. According to Frankel grading system, 1 patient improved from grade A preoperation to B postoperation, while another patient from B to C; of the 5 cases with grade C preoperation, 4 patients improved to D postoperation and 1 patient to E; 4 patients improved from D to E; 1 patient with grade E left unchanged. 3 patients died from general metastasis and failure 10-20 months postoperatively. One patient with giant cell tumor recurred 10 months postoperatively. Conclusion Clear exposure and satisfactory outcome can be obtained by the use of the right space of the ascending aorta and the right space of the brachiocephalic artery; it is especially indicated to the upper thoracic spine T3 and T4 tumors, where the spinal compression is located anteriorly.

0.05).Conclusion The 4-combine radical treatment to Hp infection can reduce the concentration of ammonia in gastric juice and blood ammonia obviously in patients with liver cirrhosis,whose Child-Pugh grade are A and B,and the treatment is effective in preventing heptic encephalopathy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; Infant ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; immunology

Objective To study children′s social adaptive capability and their relative factors.Methods Five hundred and twenty-seven children in 4 different kindergartens were surveyed by using the social adaptive capability-measuring list from infant to junior school student which revised by ZUO Qi-hua and questionnaire of family situation which compiled by TAO Gong-min and Zhu Xiao-qin.Results Twenty-five point three percent of the surveyed children′s social adaptive capabilities were higher than normal level.Sixty-eight point nine percent of them were at normal level.Four point seven percent of them were at edge level.The rest were at a slightly lower level.The influencing factors included the educational level of parents,the educational manner of the parents and their marriage relationship.Conclusions It is necessary to do some investigation to find problem eariler on children′s social adaptive capability.Suitable educational methods and good family environment are important to improve children′s social adaptive capability.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of ultrasonic microbubble combined with bevacizumab (Avastin) on choroidal neovascularization induced by photocoagulation in rabbits.Methods CNV was induced by photocoagulation with argon laser in 30 rabbits (60 eyes).All of the rabbits underwent fundus fluorecein angiography (FFA) 21 days after photocoagulation;6-8 hours later,3 rabbits were randomly chosen to be executed to having the immunohistochemical examination.Twenty-one days after photocoagulation,27 rabbits were divided randomly into 3 groups:bevacizumb,ultrasonic microbubble+bevacizumb,and control group;each group has 9 rabbits (18 eyes).The rabbits in control group had no interference treatment;while the rats in bevacizumb and ultrasonic microbubble+bevacizumb group underwent injection with bevacizumb or ultrasonic microbubble+bevacizumb respectively.FFA was performed on all of the rabbits 7,14,and 28 days after photocoagulation to observe the inhibition of CNV;immunofluorecence and Western blot were used to detect the expression of VEGF in retina and choroid.Twenty-eight days is the time point to determine the therapeutic efficacy.The expression of VEGF and the results of FFA were the sdandards of the judgement of therapeutic efficacy.Results Proliferaion of CNV to the retinal inner layer and the obvious leakage of fluoresein in the photocoagulation area indicated that the model of CNV was set up successfully.Twenty-eight days after injection,obvious fluorescent leakage was found in the control group,and the average fluorescent leakage in bevacizumab group differed much from the control group(t=16.2952,P<0.05);while the difference between ultrasonic microbubble+bevacizumb group and bevacizumab group was also significant (t=4.7955,P<0.05).At the same time point,the expression of VEGF in bevacizumab group detected by immunofluorecent assay and Western blot differed much from the control group (t=7.0327,9.2596;P<0.05),and the difference of VEGF between ultrasonic microbubble+bevacizumb group and bevacizumab group was significant (t=2.9724,17.1937;P<0.05).this experiment show that ultrasound combined bevacizumab intravitreal injection of the therapeutic effect of CNV superior to other groups(P<0.01).Conclusion Ultrasound microbubble combined with bevacizumab injection may improve the therapeutic effect on CNV by inhibiting the expression of VEGF.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the characteristics of the computed tomography (CT) perfusion parameters and the expression of D2-40 with lymphatic vessel density (LVD) in cervical carcinomas.Methods A total of 42 patients with cervical carcinoma was divided into two groups with and without lymph node metastasis.Patients were evaluated with CT perfusion scan before operation.Monoclonal antibody D2-40 was used for immunohistochemistry to detect the LVD in the carcinoma tissue specimen.CT perfusion parameters and LVD of two groups were compared,and their relationship was analyzed.Results CT perfusion parameters including blood flow (BF),peak enhancement image (PEI),and blood volume (BV) in the lymph node metastasis group were significantly higher than those in the no lymph node metastasis group (t =-2.206,-2.29,-2.336,P ＜ 0.05).The time to peak (TTP) was significantly lower in the lymph node metastasis group than the no node metastasis group (t =6.908,P ＜ 0.01).The LVD in the lymph node metastasis group was significantly higher than the no lymph node metastasis group (t =-5.092,P ＜ 0.01).The CT perfusion parameters (BF,PEI,BV) and LVD of cervical carcinomas had a significantly positive correlation (r =0.65,0.56,0.61,P ＜ 0.01).The TTP and LVD had a significantly negative correlation(r =-0.55,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions CT perfusion imaging and higher LVD help to diagnose the lymph node metastasis of a cervical carcinoma,and have important guidance role in the surgical options for cervical cancers.

BACKGROUND:The tourniquet is usualy fuly used or bilateraly used in partial time during bilateral total knee arthroplasty. However, very few people try to use it on one side and on the other side in partial time.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effective strategy of using a tourniquet in simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty.
METHODS:80 patients (160 knees) with severe osteoarthritis who underwent simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty in the Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA Medical School from January to December 2013 were divided into two groups according to the different tourniquet strategies. In test group (n=40), left knees did not receive tourniquet, and right knees received tourniquet in partial time. In control group (n=40), al knees received tourniquet in the whole time. The perioperative and postoperative blood loss, 3-day postoperative thigh sweling rate and pain visual analog scale, 3-week and 1-year postoperative Knee Society Score were recorded in both groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were no statisticaly significant differences between two groups in perioperative total blood loss (P > 0.05). However, postoperative blood loss in test group was less than that in control group (P < 0.05). The visual analog scale scores were significantly lower in the test group than in the control group at 3 days after surgery (P < 0.05). Visual analog scale scores on the left side were lower than on the right side in the test group at 3 days post surgery (P < 0.05). Bilateral thigh sweling rate was significantly lower in the test group than in the control group at 3 days after surgery (P < 0.05). The thigh sweling rate was lower on the left side than on the right side in the test group at 3 days after surgery (P < 0.05). Knee Society Score was higher in the test group than in the control group in the early stage, and no significant difference in long-term Knee Society Score was detected (P > 0.05). These findings verify that taking the strategy that the first knee without tourniquet and the second knee with part time tourniquet technique in simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty wil aleviate pain and sweling after operation and promote early functional rehabilitation without increasing the perioperative total blood loss.

The experiment was designed to investigate the effect of salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen ) and its effective composition, phenyl lactic acid (Danshensu )on the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). Acute hypoxia was induced by replacing mixed gas 95%O2+ 5 %CO2 with 95%N2 + 5 %CO2. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction was diminished by injectic Danshen, Injectic Danshen compound and Danshensu with concentration dependently. Tile effect of Danshensu was the most,and Injectic Danshen Co was second by comparison. The results suggested that Danshen can antagonist HPV which was mainly produced by Danshensu, one of the effective composition of Danshen,and that more potent inhibitory action on HPV was by Injectio Danshen compound compared with Injectio Danshen,and this may be related to the addition of Dalbergia odorifera , the other composition of Injectic Danshen compound.