Objective:To observe the signal changes of blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional MRI(BOLD-fMRI)in brain tissue after inhalation of oxygen.Methods:Fifteen volunteers,9 males and 6 females,were included in the present experiment.The fMRI was conducted using 1.5T Singna Double-gradient Super Conducting Magnetic Resonance Imaging system (GE Inc).Bold-fMRI scanning was conducted using GRE-EPI sequence and data analysis was done using SPM2 software. Meanwhile,the BOLD-fMRI T_2 signal changes after 15 s and 6 min inhalation of pure oxygen were observed and compared with those after inhaling normal air.Results:No obvious activation of BOLD-fMRI was observed in the whole brain after inhaling normal air.Fifteen seconds after inhaling pure oxygen,the signal changes in the whole brain mainly manifested as the signal decrease in the gray matter,with average signal change being(-0.041?0.31)% in the gray matter and about(0.056?0.26)% in the white matter;the changes were significantly different from those of the normal air group(P

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical application value of using needle electrode in transurethral plasmakinetic resection of bladder tumor around ureteral orifice. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 16 cases who had bladder tumors around ureteral orifice and underwent transurethral resection using plasmakinetic needle electrode in Department of Urology, Peking University International Hospital from June 2015 to December 2019. There were nine cases with the tumor of one to two centimeters from the ureteral orifice. The rest of the seven cases had tumor that was within one centimeter from the ureteral orifice, including two cases whose ureteral orifice was invaded by the tumor. All the patients studied were diagnosed before surgery and contraindications were excluded. The plasmakinetic needle electrode was used to treat the tumor with en bloc resection, and all the excised tissue was sent for pathological examination. Intravesical chemotherapy and postoperative follow-ups were performed. Statistical analysis was performed on the operation time, the incidence of obturator nerve reflex, the peri-operative bleeding, the parameters of indwelling ureteral catheter or double-J stent, the incidence of postoperative hydronephrosis, the clinical stage of tumor, and the recurrence rate. RESULTS: The operation was successfully completed for all the sixteen cases. The operation time was 16 to 57 minutes, with an average of (32.6±11.8) minutes. No obvious obturator nerve reflex and perioperative bleeding occurred in all the patients. Ureteral catheters were indwelled prior to the operation of tumor resection in seven cases. Four of the seven cases had the ureteral catheters remained while the rest three were replaced by double-J stent after surgery. Postoperative pathological analysis showed that all the tumors were urothelial carcinoma, including 9 cases of low grade and 7 cases of high grade. Pathological staging: 10 cases were in Ta stage, 5 cases in T1 stage, and 1 case in T2a stage. All tumor bases and lateral margins were negative. All the patients received 3-56 months, with an average of (26.0±18.1) months of follow-up. There was no case of upper urinary tract hydronephrosis or tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION The transurethral plasmakinetic resection of bladder tumor using needle electrode can realize en bloc tumor resection without obturator nerve reflex and reduce the risk of ureteral orifice injury. It is a safe and effective surgical method for treating bladder tumors around the ureteral orifice.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Electrodes ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery*

Objective Based on establishing a rat model of anemia of chronic disease (ACD), expression of transferrin receptor 2(TfR2) in the liver cultured with erthropoietin(EPO) and cultured without EPO to the action of TfR2 in the ACD were detected. Methods Anemia was induced by injecting freund adjuvant for third times to the traditional model rats of adjuvant arthritis to enhance their immune responses the levels of the expression level of TfR2 mRNA in the livers of rats among different treated groups were compared. Results In the ACD group the expression of TfR2 mRNA in the livers of rats was higher than in the normal control goup(P =0.001), is significant in anemia; while in the EPO therapy group the expression of TfR2 mRNA was less than in the ACD goup (P=0.001), is improved in anemia. Conclusion TfR2 may be revalant to ACD.

Objective To investigate the expression changes of the liver hepciding gene in the formation process of Wistar male rats anemia in chronic disease(ACD) model. Methods ACD rat model was established by repeated injection of Freund' s complete adjuvant. The relationship between hepcidin mRNA expression levels of normal rats, ACD rats and ACD rats after intra -peritoneal injection of EPO. Results Anemia was induced in the rat model. In the ACD group, hepcidin mRNA expression levels increased; after intra-peritoneal injection of EPO, hepcidin mRNA expression levels decreased, anemia is improved. Conclusion Hepcidin plays an important role in pathogenesis of ACD. EPO could be decreased hepcidin mRNA expression levels by anti- inflammatory reaction and decrease cell factors. Decrease of hepcidin level as early as possible will benefit to block the development of anemia, that will provide a new strategy of therapy for ACD.

Therapies for malignant glioma include surgery,radiotherapy and chemotherapy.In recent years,the overall effective rate of temozolomide is better than other chemotherapy drugs,but partly patients have resistance to temozolomide.Angiogenesis inhibitors show promising activity,but it is expensive.Celecoxib has antiangiogenic activity,which has become a new option.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Diet, High-Fat ; Ghrelin ; blood ; Lipids ; blood ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of melatonin on the gastrointestinal motility and plasma levels of the stress hormone in overtraining rats.

METHODThirty adult SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10): control group, over-training group, melatonin intervention group. 30 min before each training, rats in the control and over-training groups were fed with normal saline (15 mg/kg) once a day and 5 times per week, while rats in the melatonin intervention group were administrated with melatonin, perfusion in the intervention group (15 mg/kg). Excessive training group and melatonin intervention group rats were subjected to excessive training at 5 times a week for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, the gastric emptying rate, small intestinal propulsion ratio and levels of plasma motilin (MTL) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), cortisol (CORT) and catecholamines (CA) were observed in all groups.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the gastric emptying rate, small intestinal propulsion ratio and levels of plasma MTL, CORT and CA were increased significantly (P < 0.01) while the content of CGRP was reduced (P < 0.01) in over-training group. After treated with melatonin, this trend was reversed, that was, the gastric emptying rate, small intestinal propulsion ratio and levels of plasma MTL, CORT and CA were surpressed significantly (P < 0.01) while the content of CGRP was improved obviously (P < 0.01) in over-training group.

CONCLUSIONMelatonin plays an important role in protecting gastrointestinal tract from dysfunction, in which MTL, CGRP, CORT and CA are all involved.

Animals ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; blood ; Catecholamines ; blood ; Fatigue ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Hydrocortisone ; blood ; Melatonin ; pharmacology ; Motilin ; blood ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stress, Physiological

Objective To study the effects of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) ? on the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and explore the roles of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and phospho-Akt in this process. Methods SMMC-7721 cells were treated with 15-d-PGJ2 or pioglitazone, which were two kinds of PPAR? ligands, at different concentrations. The viability of SMMC-7721 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. PTEN mRNA level was determined by RT-PCR. The protein expressions of PTEN and pAkt were measured by Western blot analysis. Results It was demonstrated through MTT assay that both 15-d-PGJ2 and pioglitazone had an inhibitory effect on the growth of SMMC-7721 cells in a time- and dose- dependent manner. According to flow cytometry detection, more cells were arrested in G0/G1 phase. Increased expression of PTEN mRNA was detected in 15-d-PGJ2 or pioglitazone-treated cells through RT-PCR. Increased expression of PTEN protein and decreased expression of pAkt were confirmed by Western blot analysis. Conclusion The ligands of PPAR? could inhibit SMMC-7721 cells proliferation in a time- and dose- dependent manner. The upregulation of PTEN may be involved in the underlying mechanism.

Objective To observe the protective effects of enalapril on the long-term functions of the allograft in renal transplant recipients. Methods Twenty renal transplant recipients with ~survival time over one year, normal renal functions of the allograft and urine TGF-?_1 levels being more than ~250.0 pg/mg.Cr took enalapril every day for at least one year. Twenty-three recipients under the same conditions who did not receive enalapril served as control group. Three years later renal ~dysfunction cases, loss of creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) and TGF-?_1 levels in blood and urine were compared between the two groups. The changes in the expression of TGF-?_1mRNA in renal biopsy specimens were compared before and one year after enalapril therapy. Side-effects of enalapril were ~investigated in all patients in enalapril-treated group. Results Three years later, the number of renal dysfunction cases was less, the loss of Ccr was less and the level of urine TGF-?_1 was lower in ~enalapril -reated group than those in control group with the differences being significant (P~0.05 ). One year after enalapril therapy TGF-?_1mRNA expression was significantly decreased in renal biopsy specimens (P

Lipases have catalytic active in both aqueous phase and the non-aqueous phase and have a wide range of application in various industrial areas.However,the high cost of lipase production has restricted its extensive use in industry.Solid state fermentation possesses many advantages,such as low requirement for devices,low energy consumption,low production cost,little pollution to environment and easily being popularized,which have made it an important means in microbial production of lipases.Owing to the rapidly increased energy cost and the people's awareness of environmental protection,the solid state fermentation technique,which was regarded as low-tech in the past,has regained attention and developed rapidly since the 1990s.The production of lipase by SSF technique was reviewed.Mainly contents describe its characteristics,including physical and chemical factors and bioreactors.