Objective To study the effect of antiapoptosis factors PED/PEA-15 and XIAP on prostate cancer cells(PC-3)apoptosis.Methods The expressions of XIAP and PED/PEA-15 in prostate cancer cells(PC-3)were respectively assayed using the RT-PCR technique.XIAP and PED/ PEA-15 specific siRNA vectors were designed and constructed and then were transiently cotransfected into PC-3 cells under induction of liposome.The effects of siRNA vectors on PED/PEA-15 and XIAP transcription were assayed by RT-PCR technique,and the effect of XIAP and PED/PEA-15 on cancer cell apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry and microscope observation.Results PED/PEA- 15 and XIAP were both highly expressed in PC-3 cells.Enzyme digestion analysis and DNA sequencing confirmed that the PED/PEA-15 and XIAP-specific siRNA expression vectors were constructed successfully.The designed siRNA sequences of PED/PEA-15 and XIAP could specifically inhibit their transcription.The PC-3 cells which were cotransfected with PED/PEA-15 and XIAP- specific siRNA vectors were more sensitive to doxorubicin.The apoptosis rate of cotransfected cells was significantly increased.Conclusions PED/PEA-15 and XIAP might be involved in the development of prostate cancer.

The survey of traditional knowledge related to Chinese materia medica resources is the important component and one of the innovative aspects of the fourth national survey of the Chinese materia medica resources. China has rich traditional knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the comprehensive investigation of TCM traditional knowledge aims to promote conservation and sustainable use of Chinese materia medica resources. Building upon the field work of pilot investigations, this paper introduces the essential procedures and key methods for conducting the survey of traditional knowledge related to Chinese materia medica resources. The essential procedures are as follows. First is the preparation phrase. It is important to review all relevant literature and provide training to the survey teams so that they have clear understanding of the concept of traditional knowledge and master key survey methods. Second is the field investigation phrase. When conducting field investigations, survey teams should identify the traditional knowledge holders by using the 'snowball method', record the traditional knowledge after obtaining prior informed concerned from the traditional knowledge holders. Researchers should fill out the survey forms provided by the Technical Specification of the Fourth National Survey of Chinese Materia Medica Resources. Researchers should pay particular attention to the scope of traditional knowledge and the method of inheriting the knowledge, which are the key information for traditional knowledge holders and potential users to reach mutual agreed terms to achieve benefit sharing. Third is the data compilation and analysis phrase. Researchers should try to compile and edit the TCM traditional knowledge in accordance with intellectual property rights requirements so that the information collected through the national survey can serve as the basic data for the TCM traditional knowledge database. The key methods of the survey include regional division of Chinese materia medica resources, interview of key information holders and standardization of information.' In particular, using "snowball method" can effectively identify traditional knowledge holder in the targeted regions and ensuring traditional knowledge holders receiving prior informed concerned before sharing the information with researcher to make sure the rights of traditional knowledge holders are protected. Employing right survey methods is not only the key to obtain traditional knowledge related to Chinese materia medica resources, but also the pathway to fulfill the objectives of access and benefit sharing stipulated in Convention on Biological Resources. It will promote the legal protection of TCM traditional knowledge and conservation of TCM intangible, cultural heritage.
China ; Data Collection ; Databases, Pharmaceutical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Materia Medica ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

This paper is aim to investigate the pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of neoline in Beagle dogs, and provide a theoretical basis for further study. Ethyl acetate was used for liquid-liquid extracting after 10% ammonia alkalizing. The method of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was established for the determination of neoline plasma concentrations. Beagle dogs were orally or intravenously administered with neoline for pharmacokinetic and absolute bioavailability study. Good linear relationship of neoline was found over the range of 0.1-4 mg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.9982) and 2-100 microg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.9945). Intra-and inter-day precision, expressed as the relativestandard (RSD) were less than 5.0%. Accuracy, expressed as the relative error (RE) was within 90.0%-115%. The recovery of neoline in dog plasma was more than 80%. After 6 mg x kg(-1) for ig and 1 mg x kg(-1) for iv administration of neoline, the main pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed with Winnonlin software. t(1/2) were (313.88 +/- 63.18), (236.33 +/- 229.84) min, and AUC(0-infinity) were (58,027.40 +/- 14,132.69), (473,578.02 +/- 82,333.08) min x microg x L(-1) for ig and iv administration respectively. The absolute bioavail ability was (73.15 +/- 10.29) %. The method of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS described in the report was sensitive, reliable and specific, and suitable for pharmacokinetic study of neoline in Beagle dog. The high absolute bioavailability of neoline in dog suggested good absorption of neline which was worth of further investigation.
Aconitine ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Dogs ; Drug Stability ; Female ; Male

Twelve flavonoids were isolated from an ethanol extract of Machilus wangchiana by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 and reversed-phase flash chromatography and HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic data analysis (IR, MS, and NMR) as (+)-catechin (1), (-)-epicatechin (2), 3'-O-methyl-(+)-catechin (3), 3'-O-methyl-(-)-epicatechin (4), 3, 5, 7, 2', 5'-pentahydroxy flavan (5), (-)-naringenin (6), (-)-eriodictyol (7), (-)-liquiritigenin (8), (2R,3R)-(+)-dihydrokaempferol (9), (2R,3S)-(-)-dihydro- kaempferol (10), (2R, 3R)-(+)-taxifolin (11), and quercetin (12). Compounds 1-10 are isolated from the genus Machilus for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Lauraceae ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study clinical effects of the over-articular external fixator combined with limited internal fixation for the treatment of Pilon fractures caused by high energy.

METHODSFrom September 2003 to April 2011, 36 patients with Pilon fractures caused by high energy were treated with the over-articular external fixator combined with limited internal fixator. There were 25 males and 11 females, ranging in age from 16 to 72 years old,with an average of 38 years old. The diagnoses of all patients were determined by conventional X-ray examination or three-dimensional spiral CT examination. The AOFAS scoring criteria was used to evaluate the therapeutic effects. The patients with comminuted fractures were treated with screw or Kirschner wire fixation without uncovering periost so as to enhance stability between fracture end and bone blocks,followed by the fixation with over-articular external fixators.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 4 to 27 months, with an average of 13 months. Thirty-two patients got wound healing at the first stage. And the bone union duration ranged from 2 to 6 months, with a mean of 3 months. According to the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot subjective scoring standard, 13 patients got an excellent result, 20 good and 3 fair, with an score of 88.2 +/- 3.6. Twelve patients had infections at pinhole, 5 patients had pinhole pain. One patient had the fixator broken induced by over loading, who was cured after treatment. There were no complications such as nerve or vascular injuries, or osteomyelitis.

CONCLUSIONThe over-articular external fixation combined with limited internal fixation for the treatment of Pilon fractures caused by high energy is an ideal method, which has such advantages as reliable fixation, simple operation, coincidence with principles of biomechanical fixation, and benefit for fracture healing.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Ankle Injuries ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Ankle Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fracture Fixation ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Obesity is an established risk factor for endometrial cancer. Leptin, a secreted protein of the ob gene by white adipose tissue, plays an important role in the regulation of food intake and energy consumption in the brain and acts as a potential growth stimulator in normal and neoplastic cancer cells. However, a direct role for leptin in endometrial cancer has not been demonstrated. In the present study, the effect of leptin on the proliferation of Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells was investigated as well as the possible mechanism(s) underlying this action in endometrial cancers which express both short and long isoforms of leptin receptors. The expression of leptin receptor (ObRb) in Ishikawa cells was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The cells after serum starvation, were treated by leptin with various concentrations (0, 10, 50, 100, 150 ng/mL) for different durations (6, 12, 24 h). The effect of leptin treatment on cell proliferation was examined by MTT assay. Meanwhile, inhibitory effect of Janus tyrosine kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor AG490 or extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor PD98059 on the proliferation of Ishikawa cells induced by leptin was also studied. Ishikawa cells were treated with 100 ng/mL leptin for various periods (0, 20, 40, 60 min), and the levels of STAT3 phosphorylation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were examined by Western blotting. The results showed that leptin induced the phosphorylation of STAT3 and the activation of ERK1/2 in a time- and dose-dependent manner in the Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells. Blocking STAT3 phosphorylation with the inhibitor AG490, or blocking ERK1/2 activation by the specific ERK1/2 kinase inhibitor, PD98059, abolished leptin-induced proliferation of Ishikawa cells. In addition, leptin was found to potently induce the invasion of endometrial cancer cells in a Matrigel invasion assay. Leptin-stimulated invasion was effectively blocked by pharmacological inhibitors of STAT3 (AG490) and ERK1/2 kinase (PD98059). These results suggested that leptin promotes endometrial cancer growth and invasiveness by activating STAT3 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways and therefore blocking its action at the receptor level can be a rational therapeutic strategy.

Ten dimeric phthalide racemates (1-10) were isolated from an aqueous extract of the Angelica sinensis root head (Guitou) by separation techniques of column chromatography over macroporous adsorbent resin, MCI resin, silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20, together with preparative thin-layer chromatography and reversed phase HPLC. The racemates were further separated into (+)-/(-)-1-(+)-/(-)-10 with chiral HPLC. Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data, combined with electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and NMR calculations as well as single crystal X-ray diffractions. Compounds (+)-/(-)-1-(+)-/(-)-10 are either new structure or new natural product, named (+)-/(-)-angelidipthalidic acids A-H [(+)-/(-)-1-(+)-/(-)-8] and (+)-/(-)-angelidipthalidols A and B [(+)-/(-)-9 and (+)-/(-)-10], respectively. Meanwhile, dimeric phthalide mono- and bis-lactone derivatives with 3.3′a,8.6′- and 3.6′,8.3′a-coupling patterns as well as determination of their relative configurations are discussed.

Four new triterpenoids, together with six known analogues, were isolated from an aqueous extract of the Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa seeds, by multiple column chromatographic separation methods using stationary phases of macroporous adsorption resin, MCI resin, normal phase silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and Toyopearl HW-40C as well as preparative thin-layer chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data analysis, the new structures were trivially named jujubaceanothoside A (1), 23-epijujuboside A (2), and jujubosides J and K (3 and 4), while the known analogues were identified as jujubosides A-C (5-7) and II (8), alphitolic acid (9), and betulinic acid (10). The structure of 1 was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction.

Objective To research the change of the portal venous pressure after the stents implanted into portal vein in HCC.Methods Twelve HCC patients receiving portal venous stem embolization were included in this study.The portal venous pressures were recorded before varices embolized(P1),after embolized(P2)and after stents implanted(P3),respectively.Four groups were formed according to the pressures within portal vein stem(PV),portal vein branch without tumor invasion(PVB),splenic vein(SV) and superior mesenteric vein(SMV).Results In PV group,P1 was(45:17?2.25)cm H20,and P2 was (48.33?2.20)cm H_2O,P＜0.05,P3 was(39.33?2.44)em H_2O,thus P＜0.05 in comparing with P2.for PVB group,P1 was(38.08?2.97)cm H_2O,and P2 was(38.83?2.94)cm H_2O,P＞0.05,P3 was(37.41?2.37)cm H_2O,comparing with P2,P＞0.05.In SV group,P1 was(44.67?2.13)cm H_2O,and P2 was(48.17?2.20)cm H_2O,P＜0.05,P3 was(41.67?2.20)cm H_2O,comparing with P2,P＜0.05.Finally,the SMV group,P1 was(45.25?2.21 )cm H_2O,P2 was(48.42?2.19)cm H_2O,P＜0.05,P3 was(41.25?2.24)cm H_2O, in comparison with P2,P＜0.05.Conclusions In portal vein stem embolization,portal venous pressure would be higher after varices embolized,but lower after stents placement.

Objective To analyze the features of bone minimal density and bone quantitative ultrasound in men with different osteoporotic risk graded by osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asian (OSTA).Methods After exclude the secondary osteoporosis,724 subjects over 50 years old were involved.The parameters of hight,weight,quantitative ultrasound index (QUI),QUS-T score were examined.The bone density (BMD) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)in 120 elderly men.All subjects were grouped into low (osteoporotic) risk group,moderate risk group and high risk group by OSTA index.120 subjects measured BMD were grouped into normal bone mass group,osteopenia group and osteoporosis group by WHO standard.The differences and correlation analysis in BMD,QUST,and QUI between these groups were analysed.Results The percents of low risk people,moderate risk people and high risk people were 56.4％ (408 cases),28.2％ (204cases),15.5％ (112 cases),respectively.There were 30.0％ (36 cases) normal bone mass people,58.3％ (70 cases) osteopenia people and 11.7％ (14 cases) osteoporosis people in groups measured BMD.QUS-T score,QUI were gradually decreased in groups of low risk,moderate risk and high risk (-0.56±1.09,-0.88±-1.28,-1.21±1.40; 98.47±19.04,92.62±22.49,87.68±24.43; all P ＜0.05) and had statistical significant differences between low risk and moderate risk,high risk groups,while had no differences between moderate risk and high risk groups.The femoral neck BMD and total BMD were gradually decreased in all the three groups (0.89±0.12,0.85±0.10,0.77± 0.10; 1.0±0.15,0.93 ± 0.11,0.83±0.1; all P＜0.01).Osteoporosis in the three groups were 3.4％ (2 cases),13.0％ (6 cases),37.5％ (6 cases),respectively and osteoporosis percents in moderate risk group and high risk group were higher compared with low risk group (x2=11.77,P＜0.01).QUS-T score and QUI decreased gradually in groups of normal mass,osteopenia and osteoporosis (0.99±0.08,-0.70±1.07,-1.96±0.73; 109.26±17.05,96.15±18.20,72.54±10.00; F=10.47,11.73,all P＜ 0.01).Except for lumbar BMD,a positive linear correlation emerged between OSTA and QUS-T score,QUI,hip BMD(all P＜0.01).The values of R with femoral neck BMD,torch BMD and total hip BMD were 0.45,0.38,0.39,respectively.And the same value with QUS-T score and QUI was 0.23.Conclusions With the decreasing of OSTA index,risk of osteoporosis is increased and QUS-T score,QUI and BMD are decreased gradually.There are positive linear correlation between OSTA index and QUS-T score,QUI,hip BMD.