Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Education, Medical ; Translations

Spermatogenesis is a complex developmental process in which a diploid progenitor germ cell transforms into highly specialized spermatozoa. During spermatogenesis, membrane remodeling takes place, and cell membrane permeability and liquidity undergo phase-specific changes, which are all associated with the alteration of membrane lipids. Lipids are important components of the germ cell membrane, whose volume and ratio fluctuate in different phases of spermatogenesis. Abnormal lipid metabolism can cause spermatogenic dysfunction and consequently male infertility. Germ cell membrane lipids are mainly composed of cholesterol, phospholipids and glycolipids, which play critical roles in cell adhesion and signal transduction during spermatogenesis. An insight into the correlation of membrane lipids with spermatogenesis helps us to better understand the mechanisms of spermatogenesis and provide new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.
Cell Adhesion ; Cell Membrane ; chemistry ; Cholesterol ; chemistry ; Glycolipids ; chemistry ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Membrane Lipids ; chemistry ; Phospholipids ; chemistry ; Signal Transduction ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatozoa ; cytology

Objective To study the relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and osteoporosis by measuring the bone mineral density (BMD),lung function,blood gas analysis,calcium ion,high sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the quality of life.Methods BMD measuring was performed by ultrasound dry bone densitometer in 32 patients with COPD (COPD group) and 35 healthy controls (control group).The ultrasonic transmission speed (SOS),SOS T,fracture risk factor (OSI) and bone strength (TI) were measured at the sites of the left calcaneus.COPD group was divided into three groups according to lung function,3 cases of mild,14 cases of moderate and 15 cases of severe.According to the level of BMD,there were another three groups,3 cases with normal BMD,24 cases with lower BMD,and 5 cases with osteoporosis.According to the history of systemic glucocorticoid application,COPD group was divided into two groups,10 cases with glucocorticoid application and 22 cases without glucocorticoid application.The levels of BMD between COPD group and control group were compared,and the correlation between BMD and lung function,blood gas analysis,calcium ion,hs-CRP and the quality of life in patients with COPD was analyzed.Results COPD group had lower BMD than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).In COPD group,the severe patients had lower BMD than the moderate patients (P ＜ 0.05),and the severe patients had only lower SOS than the mild patients(P ＜ 0.05),but there was no statistic significant difference in BMD between the moderate and mild patients(P ＞ 0.05).According to the level of BMD,the osteoporosis patients had lower arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and higher hs-CRP and COPD assessment test (CAT) than the normal BMD and lower BMD patients,and the lower BMD patients had lower PaO2 and higher CAT than the normal BMD patients (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no statistic significant difference in calcium ion among them(P ＞ 0.05).According to the history of systemic glucocorticoid application,the patients with glucocorticoid application had lower level of BMD than the other patients (P ＜ 0.05).SOS,SOS T,OSI and TI was correlated with one second forced expiratory volume percent predicted (FEV1％) (r =0.389,0.262,-0.295,0.265; P＜0.05),also correlated with PaO2 (r =0.391,0.100,-0.374,0.122;P＜0.05),and also correlated with CAT (r =-0.659,-0.463,0.175,-0.178 ; P ＜ 0.05).There was only a negative correlation between SOS and hs-CRP (r =-0.390,P ＜ 0.05).Further in Logistic regression analysis,the results showed that both PaO2 and FEV1％ were the risk factors of BMD reduction.Conclusions Patients with COPD have lower BMD than their peers of healthy.The reduction of blood oxygen pressure and lung function are the risk factors of BMD reduction.There is a conjecture that the reduced BMD is correlated with chronic inflammation in patients with COPD.

Objective To determine if the shortened exposure of oocytes to sperm can influence the insemination rate and the results of IVF-ET. Methods A total of 217 women were included.They were divided into study group (105 cases) and control group (112 cases). In study group the shortened insemination was used.The oocytes were washed 2 hours after the insemination and transferred into the fresh medium.In control group the classical procedure was used.The oocytes were inseminated by ICSI.The number of retrieved oocytes,fertilized oocytes,the number of embryos were counted and the pregnancy rate was evaluated. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the study and control group in the number of retrieved oocytes (1163 vs 1752),number of embryos (1084 vs 1097),and pregnancy rate ( 42.9% vs 42.9%). Conclusions The shortened exposure of oocytes to sperm is a simple and effective way in IVF-ET.

Sulfogalactosylglycerolipid (SGG) is the main glycolipid in male mammalian germ cells, which is selectively and highly expressed in mammalian testes and helps form the lipid bilayer of cell membrane. In the process of spermatogenesis, SGG is involved in the meiosis of spermiocytes. Either deficiency or accumulation of SGG will lead to male infertility. SGG homeostasis in the testis is the premise of normal spermatogenesis. In the process of sperm-zona binding, SGG becomes a component of lipid raft and provides a platform for signal transduction. The SGG binding protein plays a role in sperm-egg recognition and membrane fusion. SGG has a great research value and application prospect in male reproduction.
Animals ; Cell Membrane ; Galactolipids ; physiology ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; etiology ; Lipid Bilayers ; metabolism ; Male ; Signal Transduction ; Sperm-Ovum Interactions ; physiology ; Spermatogenesis ; physiology ; Spermatozoa ; metabolism ; Testis ; physiology

Objective To evaluate disinfectant efficacy of air disinfector and ultraviolet lamp.Methods Domestic literatures were searched by computer,RevMan 5 .3 software provided by the Cochrane collaboration was used for quantitative analysis,efficacy of two kinds of air disinfection methods was compared. Results A total of 1 1 articles met the inclusion criteria. Because the heterogeneity of literatures,random effects model analysis was adopted, colony forming unit (CFU)before disinfection(WMD= -26.28,95% CI:[-60.31,7.75],P>0.05 )and immediately-after disinfection(WMD= 22.45,95% CI:[-34.24,79.13],P>0.05)had no obvious difference between two methods respectively,but CFU of air disinfector 2 hours after disinfection was significantly less than ultraviolet lamp group(WMD= -345.11,95% CI:[-478.28,-211.94],P<0.05).Conclusion Air disinfector has good continuous disinfection efficacy.

Objective To explore the effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen (Mtb-Ag) on neutrophils apoptosis.Methods The fresh isolated neutrophils from healthy adults blood were cultured with Mtb-Ag for 24 h,with or without pretreatment of nuclear factor -?B (NF-?B) inhibitor N-tosyl-L-phenylanyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) for 30 minutes.Annexin V staining and Flow cytometry were used to measure cell apoptosis of neutrophils.NF-?B DNA binding was measured by gelelectrophorestic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in neutrophils after incubated with Mtb-Ag for 0,1,2,4,6,24 hours.Results Comparing to the spontaneous apoptosis (55%?6%) of neutrophils after culture in vitro for 24 h,treatment of Mtb-Ag (1.125 mg/ml) decreased the cell apoptosis of neutrophils (32%?3%).The NF-?B shift bands were detected at 1 h in neutrophils after stimulated by Mtb-Ag,and reached maximum peak at 2 hours,and then returned to basal levels within 24 h.Pretreatment of TPCK inhibited the anti-apoptosis role of Mtb-Ag in neutrophils.Conclusion Mtb-Ag prevents neutrophils apoptosis and its inhibitory role concerns NF-?B pathway.

Objective To evaluate the effects of hydrogen-rich saline on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) pathway in rats with endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI).Methods Forty pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 3 months,weighing 250-300 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:control group (group C);ALI group;hydrogen-rich saline group (group H);ALI + hydrogen-rich saline group (ALI + H group).ALI was induced by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 5 mg/kg.At 1 and 6 h after LPS instillation,0.6 mmol/L hydrogen-rich saline 10 ml/kg was injected intraperitoneally in H2 and ALI + H2 groups,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in the other two groups.At 12 h after LPS instillation,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determination of the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-6 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The animals were then sacrificed,and lungs were removed for examination of the pathological changes which were scored and for determination of wet to dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio),and expression of TLR4,MyD88 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) (by Western blot).Results Compared with group C,the concentrations of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in BALF,lung injury score and W/D ratio were significantly increased,and the expression of TLR4,MyD88 and NF-κB was up-regulated in ALI and ALl + Hgroups (P＜0.05).Compared with group ALI,the concentrations of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in BALF,lung injury score and W/D ratio were significantly decreased,and the expression of TLR4,MyD88 and NF-κB was down-regulated in ALI + H group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Hydrogen-rich saline can reduce endotoxin-induced ALI through inhibiting TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway in the lung tissues of rats.

This study was to investigate the chemical constituents from pseudobulbs of Pleione yunnanensis, one of the source of traditional Chinese medicine "Shancigu". The chemical constituents were isolated by various chromatography methods, including silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified from the EtOAc fraction of 90% ethanol extract, including five dihydrophenanthrenes, four bibenzyls, two triterpenoids, and three phenylacrylic acids. Their structures were identified on the basis of the spectral data as 4, 7-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (1), 4, 7-dihydroxy-1-(p-hydroxybenzyl)-2-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (2), (2,3-trans)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -3-hydroxymethyl-10-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-phenanthro[2,1-b]furan-7-ol (3), pleionesin B (4), blestriarene A (5), batatasin III (6), 3, 3'-dihydroxy-2-(p-hydroxybenzyl) -5-methoxybibenzyl (7), 3', 5-dihydroxy-2-(p-hydroxybenzyl) -3-methoxybibenzyl (8), 3,3'-dihydroxy-2,6-bis(4-hydroxybenzyl) -5-methoxybibenzyl (9), triphyllol (10), pholidotin (11), (E) -p-hydroxycinnamic acid (12), (E)-ferulic acid (13), and (E)-ferulic acid hexacosyl ester (14). Compounds 5,10-14 were separated from this plant for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization