Orthodontics is the procedure of managing the space .Space analysis is a comprehensive quantitative analysis that can analyze the factors that influence the arch space .It also helps to judge if the treatment goals can be reached , thus helping the treat-ment plan making and guiding clinical orthodontics .And space analysis related factors include crowding , curve of Spee, arch width, arch growth, arch protrusion, mesiodistal angulation, an so on.In this review, we summarizes the above-mentioned factors.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of sertraline combined with low-dose aripiprazole in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. MethodsA total of 62 cases pediatric patients aged 9~16 years who attended the outpatient clinic of a psychiatric hospital in Xiamen from June 2018 to May 2020 and met the diagnostic criteria of International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） for obsessive-compulsive disorder were enrolled in the study. The selected children were randomly classified into two groups for different treatments. Control group （n=30） received sertraline monotherapy， and study group （n=32） received sertraline combined with low-dose aripiprazole treatment. At the baseline and the end of the 2^nd， 4^th， 8^th and 12^th weeks of treatment， children were assessed using Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale （CY-BOCS） and Treatment Emergent Symptoms Scale （TESS）. Thereafter， the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were compared between two groups. ResultsThe compulsive behavior dimensional score of CY-BOCS of study group was lower than that of control group at end of the 2^nd and 4^th weeks of treatment （t=-2.083， -2.176， P<0.05）. At the end of the 2^nd week of treatment， the effective rate was 40.63% in study group， which was significantly higher than 3.33% in control group （χ²=12.317， P<0.01）. By the end of the 12^th weeks of treatment， the incidence rate of side effects yielded no statistical difference between two groups （χ²=1.608， P=0.205）. ConclusionCompared with sertraline monotherapy， its combination with low-dose aripiprazole treatment can effectively accelerate the improvement of clinical symptoms in childrenand adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder， while the combination therapy and sertraline monotherapy have equivalent safety.

Objective To analyze the correlation between quantitative evaluation of high-resolution CT (HRCT) and pulmonary function tests (PFT) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and evaluate the characteristics of PFT in different CT phenotypes of COPD. Methods 65 patients with COPD underwent CT chest scan and PFT. The dimensions of subsubsegmental apical bronchi of right upper lobes were measured , which included the following parameters:airway wall thickness (T), total airway diameter (D), and pulmonary artery (PA), ratio of airway wall thickness and pulmonary artery (T/PA), thickness diameter ratio (TDR), percentage of wall area (WA%) and percentage of airway luminal area (Ai%). The percentage of total lung area occupied by low attenuation area (LAA%) was measured by lung density software. The relationship between the measurements and PFT parameters were analyzed. Patients were classified into three phenotypes based on the presence of emphysema or bronchial wall thickening evaluated by HRCT. Phenotype A: without or with little emphysema (LAA% < 25%), with or without bronchial wall thickening; Phenotype E: emphysema without bronchial wall thickening (LAA%≥25%, T/PA < 30%); Phenotype M: emphysema with bronchial wall thickening (LAA%≥25%, T/PA≥30%). The characteristics of different CT phenotypes were analyzed. Results LAA% had a good correlation with PFT parameters. PA, T/PA, WA% and Ai% also had correlation with PFT parameters. There was 53 patients of Phenotype A, 12 patients of Phenotype M. PA, T/PA, LAA%and PFT were different in two groups. Conclusions LAA%and airway quantitative measurements in HRCT have certain correlation with PFT parameters. Patients with different CT phenotypes differs in PFT parameters , which can provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

OBJECTIVEBy using orthogonal design method to optimnize prescription of pulsed electric field at Jiaji (EX- B 2) points for spinal cord injury (SCI).

METHODSFifty six patients of SCI were selected, in which 36 cases were divided into orthogonal design trial and 20 cases were into clinical verification. With 36 patients who received orthogonal design trial, Frankel grading scale was used as observation index to screen optimal prescription of pulsed electric field. Pulse frequency (factor A) included low frequency (factor A(I), 10(2) Hz). moderate frequency (factor A(II), 10(4) Hz) and high frequency (factor A(III), 10(3) Hz); pulse amplitude (factor B) included 0-30 V (factor B ), 0-60 V (factor B(II)) and 0-90 V (factor B(III)); pulse width (factor C) included 0.1 ms (factor C(I)). 0.6 ms (factor C(II)) and 0.9 ms (factor C(III)); acupuncture time (factor D) included one month (DI), three months (D(II)) and five months (D(III)). Twenty patients were used for clinical efficacy observation and the effects of screened optimal pre scription of pulsed electric field at Jiaji (EX-B 2) points combined with regular rehabilitation training on spasm se- verity, score of sensory and motor functions, Barthel index and Frankel score were observed.

RESULTS(1) As results of orthogonal design trial, the optimal prescription was A(III) B(III), C(I), D(III), which were high frequency (10(3) Hz), 0-90 V of pulse amplitude, 0.4 ms of pulse width and 5 months of treatment time. (2) As results of 20 patient clinical verification, Ashworth score, tendon reflex and clonus were all significantly improved (P<0.001, P<0.01), the scores of sensory and motor functions were evidently improvedtl (P<0.001, P<0.05), and Barthel in dex and Frankel score were also enhanced (P<0.001, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe optimal prescription of pulsed electric field at Jiaji (EX-B 2) points for spinal cord injury is high frequency (10& Hz), 0-90 V of pulse amplitude, 0.4 ms of pulse width and 5 months of treatment time. The optimal prescription of pulsed electric field at Jiaji (EX-B 2) points combined with regular rehabilitation could obviously improve spasm severity, enhance senso- ry and motor functions, and ameliorate activity of daily life and Frankel score.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; rehabilitation ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To observe the effect of edaravone combining ulinastatin on brain protection in patients of type A aortic dissection (AAD) after total arch replacement. Methods: A total of 60 AAD patients with total arch replacement in our hospital from 2014-09 to 2016-01 were prospectively studied. Based on peri-operative application of edaravone and ulinastatin, the patients were divided into 2 groups: EU group: 1) the patients received ulinastatin 300000 U/8h and edaravone 0.5mg/Kg/12h from administration to 3 days post-operation, 2) during cardiopulmonary bypass, the patients received ulinastatin 300000 U/2h and edaravone 0.5mg/Kg; Control group, the patients had no such treatment.n=30 in each group. The following items were observed:①operative condition;②blood levels of speciifc brain injury markers as S-100 and neuron speciifc enolase (NSE) at different time points: beginning of surgery (T0), opening aorta clamp (T1), right after cardiopulmonary bypass (T2), entering ICU (T3), 24h post-operation (T4) and 3 days post-operation (T5); ③post-operative condition. Results:①Durations of operation, cardiopulmonary bypass, cardiac arrest and bilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (BACP), the frequency of BACP and UACP (unilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion), the lowest rectal temperature and blood levels of S-100, NSE at T0 were similar between 2 groups.②Compared with Control group, EU group had decreased S-100 and NSE from T1 to T5,P<0.05.③The in-hospital and ventilation time, frequency of PND and TND, the patients with CSS score≥16 before discharge and the in-hospital death rate were similar between 2 groups,P>0.05. Conclusion: Edaravone combining ulinastatin had brain protective effect in AAD patients after total arch replacement;it may reduce blood speciifc brain injury markers while the clinical signiifcance should be further investigated.

OBJECTIVE: To explore potential application of Diminished Criminal Responsibility Rating Scale (DCRRS) on rape offenders. METHODS: The DCRRS was used retrospectively to study 77 cases of rape offenders. They were divided into three groups according to the degree of diminished criminal responsibility. RESULTS: There were significant differences in rating scores among three groups (mild group 21.32+/-5.56, moderate group 25.92+/-5.19, and major group 29.54+/-4.62), and 16 of 18 items showed good correlation with the total scores of the scale (r=0.256 to 0.611), 7 factors were extracted by the factor analysis and their cumulative squared loadings was 75.784%. CONCLUSION The DCRRS is valid and reliable in a in assessment of criminal responsibility schizophrenic rape offenders.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Analysis of Variance ; Forensic Psychiatry/methods* ; Humans ; Liability, Legal ; Male ; Mental Competency/psychology* ; Mentally Ill Persons/psychology* ; Middle Aged ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Rape ; Young Adult

Objective To systematically retrieve and integrate the clinical randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and systematic reviews/Meta-analyses of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN)in recent 10 years,aiming to summarize the overall evidence distribution of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of DPN.Methods CNKI,WANFANG,VIP,CBM,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase and the Cochrane Library were used as retrieval database.The retrieval time was from January 1,2012 to October 23,2022.RCTs and systematic reviews/Meta-analyses were included.The distribution of evidence was displayed in the form of charts.AMSTAR-1 was used for the methodological quality evaluation of systematic reviews/Meta-analyses.Results A total of 1648 RCTs and 59 systematic reviews/Meta-analyses were included.The overall number of RCTs were on the rise,but most of the scale of the RCTs were relatively small,with 68％of the samples size of a single study concentrated between 50-100;The Duration of intervention was 4-8 weeks;Multi-therapy was the most commonly used intervention,among which the most involved intervention was the combination of TCM decoction;Traditional Chinese medicine monotherapy was mainly oral traditional Chinese medicine decoction.The evaluation indexes of clinical efficacy paid much attention to the total effective rate,nerve conduction velocity,TCM diseases and syndromes;economic index,quality of life,long-term efficacy and other indicators had attracted less attention of researchers.The overall methodological quality of systematic reviews/Meta-analyses was not high,most of which show good clinical efficacy,but lack sufficient evidence support.Conclusion The research results show that the treatment of diabetes peripheral neuropathy with TCM have good characteristics and advantages,the shortcomings are mainly reflected in the low quality of the overall methodology of systematic reviews/Meta-analyses.Suggesting that more high-quality clinical RCTs with breadth and depth are still needed in the future to verify the characteristics and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and provide data information support for evidence-based medicine.

Curcumin is the main active component of Curcuma longa,which has a variety of biological activities and pharmacological properties.Clinical studies have shown that curcumin and its derivatives can improve the pathological progress of osteoarthritis. The mechanism mainly includes enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes,inhibiting oxidative stress,and protecting cartilage from damage;blocking inflammation-related signal pathways,reducing the production and activity of inflammatory factors,and reducing inflammation;playing the role of immune regulation by interacting with immune cells and immune molecules;slowing down osteoarthritis by inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis and enhancing cartilage protection. Curcumin is one of the potential drugs for the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Curcumin is the main active component of Curcuma longa,which has a variety of biological activities and pharmacological properties.Clinical studies have shown that curcumin and its derivatives can improve the pathological progress of osteoarthritis. The mechanism mainly includes enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes,inhibiting oxidative stress,and protecting cartilage from damage;blocking inflammation-related signal pathways,reducing the production and activity of inflammatory factors,and reducing inflammation;playing the role of immune regulation by interacting with immune cells and immune molecules;slowing down osteoarthritis by inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis and enhancing cartilage protection. Curcumin is one of the potential drugs for the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Objective To evaluate medium-term valvular functionality after transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement in sheep using a novel polymeric prosthetic pulmonary valve(PPHV). Methods In this study, we designed a novel polymeric trileaflet transcatheter pulmonary valve with a balloon-expandable stent, and the valve leaflet was made of 0. 1mm expanded polytetrafluoroethylene( ePTFE) . We chose bovine pericardium valve as control. Pulmonary valve stents were implanted in situ by right ventricular apical approach in 12 healthy sheep(10 for polymeric valve and 2 for bovine pericardium valve) weighing anaverageof(22.1±2.3)kg. Echocardiography,angiography,64-rowcomputedtomography(CT),andautopsywereusedto assess valvular function 12 weeks after implantation. Results Two PPHVs failed to be implanted in situ of pulmonary valve po-sition. Implantation was successful in the other 10 sheep. One sheep died of pneumonia, and the other 9 sheep survived at the end of follow-up. Echocardiography 12 weeks after implantation showed all the PPHVs exhibited good functionality and no sig-nificant insufficiency. The peak-peak transvalvular pressure gradient of the PPHVs was(28.2 ±8.0)mmHg(16-38 mmHg) (1 mmHg=0. 133 kPa), while that of two bovine pericardium valves were 16 and 21 mmHg. Angiography and CT 12 weeks after implantation demonstrated orthotopic position and normal operation of the valves,and no deformation of the valved stents. Pathological examination of the explanted PPHVs 12 weeks after implantation showed no degradation or damage of the ePTFE leaflets and most of the leaflets were thin and pliable, without significant thrombus or calcification, while visible pannus over-growth was found at the bottom of the valve leaflets, in the commissural areas and on the sealing cuff. Conclusion The medi-um-term effects of the novel ePTFE pulmonary valve after transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation in sheep is good. The no-vel PPHV exhibits good anti-adhesion, anti-degradation, anti-thrombus, anti-calcification performance and good biomechanical property. The hemodynamic parameter of PPHV is comparable to bovine pericardium valve. Optimizing the valve design might eliminate the problem about pannus overgrowth.