Oncogene activation and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes is an important molecular mechanism of tumor formation. HER-2 oncogene is associated with breast cancer invasion and metastasis and prognosis, HER-2 overexpressing breast cancer progresses rapidly and has poor prognosis. In recent years, the emergence of targeted therapeutic monoclonal antibody drug Herceptin which built its structure for the HER-2 has significantly inproved HER-2-positive advanced breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the effect of stellate ganglion block(SGB) on the plasma concentration of noradrenaline(NE) in rabbits suffering from acute pain and the possible mechanism.Methods Fourteen healthy rabbits of both sexes weighing 2.5 2.8 kg were anesthetized with 20% urethane 1 g?kg -1 . Spontanous breathing was maintained. Right stellate ganglion was exposed aseptically. An epidural catheter was fixed with one end placed close to stellate ganglion and the other end outside the neck through a hole on the skin for administration of drugs. One week later 3% formalin 0.2ml was injected subcutaneously into plantar region of the right paw. Pain response was observed . 60 min after formalin injection 0.25% bupivacaine 0.5ml was injected through catheter (bupivacaine group n=7) while in control group (n=7) normal saline 0.5ml was injected. The effect of SGB was confirmed by ptosis and miosis. Blood samples were taken from edge vein of the ear 10 min before (T 0) and 10(T 1), 30(T 2), 50min(T 3) after subcutaneous injection of formalin and 10min(T 4), 30min(T 5), 50min(T 6) after bupivacaine or normal saline injection for determination of plasma NE concentration by radioimmunoassay.Results Plasma NE concentration increased significantly after subcutaneous formalin injection and peaked at T 1,then decreased slightly at T 2 and T 3. In group B, plasma NE concentration decreased significantly after bupivacaine injection, while in control group there was no significantly change in plasma NE concentration after normal saline injection.Conclusions SGB reduces the increased plasma NE concentration in rabbits suffering from acute pain. This may be the possible mechanism of analgesia provided by SGB.

Objective To investigate the effect of stellate ganglion block (SGB) on substance P of spinal cord in rabbits following formalin stimulation and the possible mechanism. Methods Rabbits of both sexes weighting 2.5-3.0 kg were anesthetized with 20% urethane 1 g?kg-1 . Spontanous breathing was maintained. Right stellate ganglion was exposed aseptically. An epidural catheter was fixed with one end placed closed to stellate ganglion and the other end outside the neck through a hole on the skin for administration of drugs. One week later, nineteen healthy rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group (group A, n = 5), SGB group (group B, n=7) and control group (group C, n = 7) . In group B and group C, 3 % formalin 0.2 ml was injected subcutaneously into plantar region of the right paw. Pain response was observed. 1h after formalin injected, 0.25% bupivacaine 0.5 ml was injected through the catheter in group B while normal saline 0.5 ml was injected in group C. The effect of SGB was confirmed by ptosis and miosis. 1h after using of bupivacaine or normal saline, rabbits were deeply anesthetized and chest was opened, 1 000 ml of normal saline was infused via left ventricle then followed by 2000-2500 ml of 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1mol/L phosphate buffer pH7.4 infusion for fixation of tissue, 60 min later spinal cord of cervical 6-8(C6-8) and thoracic 6-8(T6-8 ) were removed. In group A the spinal cord were extracted similar to the other groups. The content of SP in spinal cord use immumohistochemistry technique of strept avidin biotin enzyme complex (SABC) to display. Results Immunoreaction of SP were distributed mainly in lamina Ⅰ and Ⅱ of dorsal horn of spinal cord. Compared with group A, the optical density(OD) of SP in cervical slices were decreased significantly in group B and group C(P 0.05 ). Conclusions The content of SP in spinal cord decreased significantly after subcutaneous injection of formalin in rabbits. SGB can reverse the phenomena partly and increase the content of SP of cervical spinal cord in rabbits following formalin stimulation. This may be the possible mechanism of analgesia provided by SGB.

Objective To investigate the effect of ketamine on spatial learning and memory in a rat model of acute pain produced by an incision in plantar area. Methods Seventy-two 3-month old male SD rats weighing 200-250g were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) control group (C) received no plantar incision (n = 24); (2) acute pain group (M) received an incision in the sole of the hindpaw according to the method described by Brennan (n = 24) and (3) ketamine group (K) received plantar incision and intraperitoneal ketamine 10 mg?kg-1 every day for 7 days starting from the day when plantar incision was made ( n = 24). In group C and M normal saline (NS) was given i.p. instead of ketamine. The three groups were further divided into 2 subgroups according to the time when Morris water maze (MWM) testing was started-1 week (C1, M1,K1) or 3 weeks (C3, M3, K3) after plantar incision. MWM test was performed 4 times a day for 6 consecutive days. The latent periods and swimming distances were recorded automatically by MWM monitoring system. Six days after the last MWM testing the animals were anesthetized and killed. The hippocampus was removed for microscopic examination. Results (1) MWM test: From the 1st to the 6th day of testing, the latent period and swimming distance in group K1 were significantly longer than those in group C1 and M1 (P

Objective To evaluate the detection and localization of obscure lower gastrointestinal bleeding by using SPECT/CT and intraoperative endoscopy. Methods Twenty-six cases of patients with obscure lower gastrointestinal bleeding were analyzed retrospectively. Results The positive detection rate of SPECT/CT was 88.5%. All 26 patients (100%) were identified the bleeding source by using intraoperative endoscopy. No recurrence was found during 1-24 months follow-up. Conclusion SPECT/CT examination should be chosen firstly for patients with obscure lower gastrointestinal bleeding in order to localize the bleeding site roughly. Intraoperative endoscopy can localize the bleeding site accurately in patients who undergoes operation.

To establish the PBL designed experiment teaching model and to evaluate its teaching effectiveness.we use the questionnaires and the experiment skill test and the experiment content related written examination and the theoretic examination to evaluate its teaching effectiveness. The PBL group is significantly higher in the comprehension and the synthesizing ability and so on than the control group (P<0.05). The PBL group has significantly higher mean scores in the experiment content related written examination than the control group (P< 0.01). The PBL group has significantly higher scores in the theoretic examination than the control group (P< 0.01). The PBL designed experiment teaching can better train students for the innovative thinking ability and the scientific research capabilities.

Objective To investigate the chang and impaction of TM and D- Dimer on peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) associated thrombosis in cancer patients. Methods The expression of TM and D-Dimer from 207 cancer patients with PICC was examined using nzyme-linked immunoassay. Paitents were divided into thrombosis group and control group according to Doppler Sonography. Results The thrombosis group had 33 cases and the control group had 174 cases in 207 malignant tumor patients with PICC. Compared with that in control group, the expression of TM (6.806 ± 1.805)μg/L and D-Dimer (0.786 ± 0.294) mg/L was significantly higher in thrombosis group and respectively statistically significant (P<0.05), The expression of TM and D-Dimer was positively correlated with thrombosis respectively (r=0.572 and 0.530, P<0.05). The multi-factor Logistics analysis showed the odd ratio of TM was 1.899 and the odd ratio of D-Dimer was 7.292, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Patients were dichotomized into elevated and noneelevated groups according to the 50th percentile of the levels of TM and D-Dimer of the total study population. In multivariable analysis, the odd ratio of both elevated TM and elevated D-Dimer was 2.04, which was higher than elevated TM (1.286) alone and elevated D-Dimer (1.044) alone, and there was difference in statistics (P<0.05). The results showed that the risk of PICC associated with thrombosis in both elevated TM and elevated D-Dimer TM increased 2.042 times. The expression of TM and D-Dimer was correlated with clinical stage respectively (r=0.477 and 0.492, P<0.05);but was not correlated with age, sex, site of tumor and concurrent radiochemotherapy (P>0.05). Conclusions The expression of TM, D-Dimer is elevated, which is expected to assess the early diagnosis and clinical value of PICC associated thrombosis in cancer.

Objective To know the vaccination status of BCG in Gaoxin district of Chongqing and explore the associated impact factors on seroconversion rate .Methods PPD was used to test the seroconversion status after PDG vaccination in infants under 3 months .Results There was no significant differences of seroconversion rate between different sex ,birth weight and vaccination age (P>0 .05) .But the rate was significantly higher in infants with normal birth weight than that in fetal macrosomia which was signif-icantly higher than that in low-birth weight .The rate was significantly decreased in infants of 1-2 months ,2-3 months and 0-1 months in order .The rate of infant with vaccination scar was significantly higher than that without scar (χ2 =80 .057 ,P<0 .01) . Conclusion There was no significant differences of seroconversion rate between different sex ,birth weight and vaccination age ,and the scar can indirectly show the seroconversion condition of vaccination .

BACKGROUND: The oriented migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells may depend on the interaction between local chemotactic factors and cellsurface receptors. However, which chemotactic factors may mediate the oriented migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells towards the fracture site remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To tag autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, evaluate its role in bone healing, and detect the highly expressed factors associated with migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the microenvironment. METHODS: The fluorescence/chimeric C57BL/6 mouse models were established, then left shankbone fracture models were also produced. The percentages of green fluorescent protein positive cells to al cells at the fracture site and the percentage of osteoblasts differentiated from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to al the osteoblasts were detected at different time points. The role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the fracture repairing was evaluated. The levels of chemotactic factors protein expression at the fracture site in different time points were detected with immunohistochemistry technology. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The percentage of green fluorescent protein positive cells to al cells at the fracture site was (3.011±0.911)%, (9.031±0.145)%, (12.064±0.145)% at 1, 5, 14 days postoperatively; and osteoblasts differentiated from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells accounted for 50% of al the osteoblasts. After fracture, the stromal cel derived factor-1, colony stimulating factor, hepatocyte growth factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and matrix metal oproteinases-9 were expressed to varying degrees in the microenvironment, while the expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was negative. The expression of stromal cel derived factor-1 in the fracture microenvironment was the highest, mainly due to the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Experimental findings indicate that, autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells participate in and play an important role in bone healing. The stromal cel derived factor-1 plays an important role in promoting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells migration and promoting bone healing.

Sixty-eight patients with pneumoconiosis combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease underwent large volume lavage in one lung under double cavity tracheal intubation and intravenousinhalant anesthesia. The vital signs of patients were recorded before, 10, 30min after and at the end of lavage. Results showed that the vital signs were stable during the lavage; and after the lavage all patients had relief significantly from the symptoms of dyspnea, polypnea and cough. Our results indicate that general anesthesia with bilateral lung ventilation are a safe and effective method in large volume whole lung lavage for treatment of pneumoconiosis patients combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.