This paper is to report the study of the microscopic and macroscopic he-morrheological changes and the conditions of the nail-fold microcirculation in 30 patients with severe viral hepatitis. Normal 'individuals, patients with acute icteric hepatitis, and those with chronic active hepatitis were employed as the controls.The changes observed in the patients with severe viral hepatitis were as follows: The reduced viscosity of the whole blood and the plasma viscosity increased markedly, the dispersion rate of the blood viscosity values increased as the clinical state of the patient became more severe, and the factors increasing the blood viscosity (namely, increase of the amount of immune globulin, pro-longation of the electrophoretic time of RBC, increase of RBC sedimentation rate), and the factors decreasing the blood viscosity (namely, decreases of he-matocrit reading, fibrinogen, and the aggregation ratio of platelets) existed simultaneously. The changes of the flow condition and velocity of the nail-fold microcirculation were in close correlation with the increase of blood viscosity and the severity of the disease.The causes and the mechanism of the above-mentioned changes were discussed.

Eight rabbits were used in this study.The position of the phrenic nucleus in thespinal cord,the morphology of the phrenic motoneurones and position of the cellbodies of the sensory neurons of the phrenic nerve were determined by using themethod of HRP labelling through the centralcutting end of the left phrenic nerve atthe root of the neck.The results were as follows:1.The phrenic nucleus in the rabbit was located in C_3,C_4,and C_5 segments.Itis a longitudinal cell column lying between the ventromedial and the ventrolateralcolumns of the ventral horn of the spinal cord.2.Phrenic motoneurones differed in shape and size.Most of the cell bodies ofthe rabbit's phrenic motoneurones were round or oval in shape,ranging from 5 to45 ?m(mean 25 ?m)in diameter.3.The rabbit phrenic nerve arises from the ventral rami of the 3 rd,4 th and5 th cervical nerves,and the nucleus of this nerve does not extend beyond the 3 rd-5 th segments——the location of the nucleus corresponds with the segmental rootsfrom which the phrenic nerve arises.4.The cell bodies of the sensory neurones of the rabbit's phrenic nerve werelocated in the dorsal root ganglia of the third and fourth cervical nerves.Besides,50 rabbits were dissected,and the origin of their phrenic nerves werestudied.

Objective To know the vaccination status of BCG in Gaoxin district of Chongqing and explore the associated impact factors on seroconversion rate .Methods PPD was used to test the seroconversion status after PDG vaccination in infants under 3 months .Results There was no significant differences of seroconversion rate between different sex ,birth weight and vaccination age (P>0 .05) .But the rate was significantly higher in infants with normal birth weight than that in fetal macrosomia which was signif-icantly higher than that in low-birth weight .The rate was significantly decreased in infants of 1-2 months ,2-3 months and 0-1 months in order .The rate of infant with vaccination scar was significantly higher than that without scar (χ2 =80 .057 ,P<0 .01) . Conclusion There was no significant differences of seroconversion rate between different sex ,birth weight and vaccination age ,and the scar can indirectly show the seroconversion condition of vaccination .

The trigemino-cerebellar projections of rats were studied by introducing HRP microelectrophoretically into various areas of the cerebellar cortex. The results indicate that the following parts of the cerebellum receive bilateral (mostly ipsilateral) trigeminal projections, namely, the simple lobule, the crusa Ⅰ and Ⅱ, the paramedian lobuIe, the dorsal paraflocculus, the lateral part of the lobule Ⅷ and the vermal cortex of the lobules Ⅵ～Ⅸ.Fibers from the interpolar subnucleus and the principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve project to all of the above mentioned areas.The caudal subnucleus projects to the crus Ⅰ, the paramedian lobule, the dorsal paraflocculus, the lateral part of the lobule Ⅷ and the vermal cortex of the lobules Ⅵ～Ⅸ.The oral subnucleus gives its projections to the crus Ⅱ, the paramedian lobule, the lateral part of the lobule Ⅷ and the vermal cortex of the lobules Ⅶ～Ⅸ.The mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve sends fibers to the crura Ⅰ and Ⅱ, the paramedian lobule, the lateral part of the lobule Ⅷ and the vermal cortex of lobules Ⅶ～Ⅸ.A few labeled neurons were found in the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve; while in the region ventro-lateral to the motor nucleus, in the root of the trigeminal nerve and in areas adjacent to it large amount of labeled cells were seen in all the cases studied.Unexpectedly, several labeled neurons were seen in a semilunar ganglion of the trigeminal nerve.

Objective To investigate the incremental value of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT imaging in the preoperative diagnosis of PHPT.Methods Forty-one patients (13 males,28 females,age range:14-82 (50.0± 13.2) years)with PHPT were retrospectively enrolled.99Tcm-MIBI dual-phase planar scan,SPECT/CT imaging,CT and neck ultrasound were performed before surgery.All patients had pathological results.McNemarx2 test was used to compare the detection rates of the four imaging methods.ROI method was applied to calculate the uptake ratio (T/NT) and Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate correlation between T/NT and serum intact PTH,Ca,the lesion volume measured after parathyroidectomy.Results A total of 42 parathyroid lesions were confirmed by pathology.There were 39 patients with parathyroid adenoma (2 with double adenomas,and 37 with single adenoma containing 2 ectopic adenomas) and 1 patient with parathyroid carcinoma.The detection rate of planar scan,SPECT/CT imaging,CT and neck ultrasound were 78.0％ (32/41),92.7％ (38/41),73.2％ (30/41) and 70.7％ (29/41) respectively.Detection rate of SPECT/CT imaging was significantly higher than that of planar scan,CT or ultrasonography (x2 =4.17,4.90,5.82,all P＜0.01).However there were no remarkable differences between the detection rate of planar scan and that of CT or ultrasonography (x2=0.08,0.36,both P＞0.05).Detection rates of CT and ultrasonography were not significantly different either (x2 =1.90,P＞0.05).T/NT in delayed planar imaging were significantly correlated with PTH,Ca and the lesion volume measured after parathyroidectomy (r =0.56,0.54,0.56,all P＜0.01).Conclusions Compared with 99Tcm-MIBI dual-phase planar scan,CT and ultrasonography,SPECT/CT imaging could be of important clinical value for preoperative localization of PHPT because of its higher detection rate and accurate anatomical localization ability.

Enuresis ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology

Objective To observe the Oncomelania hupensis snail control effects of molluscicides with different formula?tions in the ditch with unstable water level in field of marshland and lake areas,so as to provide the evidence for formulating the prevention strategies. Methods A drainage channel with O. hupensis snails in Jiangling County,Jingzhou City were selected as the study field,then it was divided into 6 segments,except 1 segment was treated as the blank control group for observing the natural mortality rate of the snails,the other 5 segments were treated as observation groups,where 4% niclosamide ethanol?amine salt powder,5%niclosamide ethanolamine salt granule,25%suspension concentrate of niclosamide ethanolamine salt, 26% suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide ethanolamine salt,50% niclosamide ethanolamine salt wettable powder were applied respectively. Before and after the mollusciciding,the snail surveys were carried out through the systematic sampling method,and the short?and long?term effects of snail control were observed,and the mortality rates of the snails on the slope above the water level and those below the water level were compared. Results When 7 d and 15 d after mullusciciding, the mortality rates of snails on the slope above the water level in each observation group were 79.52%-97.87% and 90.43%-96.30%,respectively,when compared with those before mollusciciding,all the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01). When 7 d after mullusciciding,the mortality rates of snails below the water level in each observation group were 17.11%-50.00%,which were all lower than those of the snails on the slope above the water level in the corresponding groups(all P<0.05);when 15 d after mullusciciding,the rates were 9.43%-95.24%,and those in 25%suspension concentrate of niclosamide ethanolamine salt,26%suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide ethanolamine salt,50%niclosamide ethanol?amine salt wettable powder groups were all lower than those of the snails on the slope above the water level in the corresponding groups(all P<0.01). Compared with the densities of living snails before mollusciciding,those 6 months after mollusciciding in each observation group decreased by 70.21%-78.98%. Conclusions The molluscicides in the formulation of powders and granule are suitable for both the snail environment with or without water,while those in the formulation of suspension agents and wettable powders are suitable only for environments with water.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of intraluminal microwave ablation with radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of varicose veins of the lower extremities.Methods:The clinical data of 520 patients (522 affected limbs) who underwent lower extremity varicose vein surgery at the Department of Vascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from Jun 2021 to Sep 2022 were collected. Patients were divided into endovenous microwave ablation group (EMWA group, n = 201) and radiofrequency ablation group (RFA group, n = 321). Follow-up was performed at 1 week, 1 , 6 and 12 months after surgery. The primary efficacy endpoint was the occlusion rate of the treated segment vein, the primary safety endpoint was the incidence of surgery-related and/or device-related complications, and the secondary endpoints were the venous clinical severity score (VCSS) and chronic venous insufficiency quality of life questionnaire (CIVIQ) scores at follow-up. Results:The technique success rate and the occlusion rate of the affected segment vein was 100% in both groups evaluated one week after surgery; Six and 12 months after surgery, the occlusion rate in the RFA group was 98.9%, and that in the EMWA group was 99.3% and respectively 97.8%, 97.2% ,without statically significant difference.During the follow-up period, there were no cases of reoperation due to vein recanalization. no serious events such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism or death occurred in either group. The incidence of adverse events (induration, ecchymosis, skin burn, incision infection, limb numbness, hematoma, thrombotic superficial phlebitis, endovenous heat induced thrombosis, etc.) in both groups was compared, and the difference was not statistically significant. VCSS and CIVIQ scores improved significantly in both groups at 1 ,6 and 12 months after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant(all P < 0.01). Conclusion:EMWA and RFA have the advantages of simple operation, good clinical efficacy and high degree of improvement in quality of life.

Objective To indentify the cognitive status of Chinese patients to acne and the influencing factors to theirs' cognitive status,so as to provide solid evidences for the prevention and treatment of acne.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was made to conduct this survey of 16,156 acne patients,who seeked to the treatment in the dermatological departments from 112 hospitals in China.The survey consisted of several parts,including the general status of patients,the patients' cognition of occurrence,development and risk factors of acne,whether the first choice was seeking treatment at the hospital when the patients had acne and the condition of selection of skin care products.The factors were analyzed,which could impact the cognition of the patients' behavior of treatment,how did the patients' cognition to influence their medical behavior and skin care as well as the consistency of assessment of the severity of acne by doctors and patients themselves.Results The acne patients studied had the best knowledge of "acne is a skin disease","it not only occurs in the period of adolescence" and "the disease can be prevented and cured",which accordingly accounted for 80.65％,69.16％ and 65.49％ of the total patients respectively.However,the awareness of acne patients to heredity,high sugar and dairy products as risk factors for acne was insufficient,which accounted for 48.72％,42.40％ and 18.25％ of the total patients,respectively.Gender,age,educational level,occupation and health knowledge were the main factors affecting the cognitive level of patients;the survey also found that men,patient with educational level of junior high or even lower educational condition,occupation of labor workers or farmers and patients were lack of health education with poor knowledge of the genetics and dietary were risk factors for acne;patients with age over 36 years or with mild illness had poor knowledge of dietary risk factors for acne;the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The analysis of the influence of cognitive status on medical treatment behavior and skin care showed that the better the cognition,the higher the probability of patients would choose medical treatment as the first choice as well as choosing functional skin care products;the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The consistency of assessment of the severity of acne by doctors and patients was poor (Kappa value ＜0.4),and the assessment of severity of acne by patients was more serious than doctors' assessment.Conclusions Patient's cognitive status will affect their medical behavior and skin care,and there is also a phenomenon that patients have a more serious assessment of their acne condition.It is suggested that health education for acne patients should be strengthened in clinical medicine so as to improve their knowledge of acne as well as preventing from acne effectively.