Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome （IBS-D） is a chronic functional bowel disorder characterized by abdominal pain and diarrhea， with visceral hypersensitivity and abnormal gastrointestinal dynamics as the pathophysiological basis. The brain-gut interaction plays a role in pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders， especially IBS-D. 5-Hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， as an important brain-gut peptide regulating gastrointestinal function， affects brain activity， gastrointestinal motility， pain perception， mucosal inflammation， and immune response through brain-gut interaction and is associated with the occurrence and development of IBS-D. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has shown great potential to mitigate gastrointestinal symptoms and improve the quality of life with its holistic view and treatment based on syndrome differentiation. Studies have shown that TCM treats IBS-D by regulating the 5-HT signaling pathway. With a focus on syndrome differentiation in TCM， this paper systematically describes the efficacy and mechanism of TCM in treating different TCM syndromes of IBS-D via the 5-HT signaling pathway， aiming to provide a scientific basis for TCM treatment of this disease.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the rules of acupoint selection for aphasia treated with acupuncture and moxibustion using data mining technology. METHODS: From January 1, 2000 to April 1, 2022, the articles for clinical researches of acupuncture and moxibustion for aphasia published in CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase were searched. Using Microsoft Excel 2021, the database was set up to analyze the use frequency of acupoint, meridian tropism, acupoint distribution and the use of specific points. SPSS26.0 was adopted for factor analysis, SPSS Modeler 18.0 was for association rule analysis of prescriptions, and Gephi 0.9.5 was to plot the co-occurrence network diagrams of acupoints and meridians. RESULTS: A total of 140 articles were collated, including 146 acupuncture and moxibustion prescriptions and 189 acupoints. The total use frequency of these acupoints was 1 211. Lianquan (CV 23), Jinjin (EX-HN 12), Yuye (EX-HN 13), Baihui (GV 20) and Yamen (GV 15) were the top 5 acupoints of the high use frequency for aphasia treated with acupuncture and moxibustion. Among 189 acupoints collected, the extra points and empirical points were mostly selected. The top 3 involved meridians were the governor vessel, the gallbladder meridian of foot-shaoyang and the conception vessel. These acupoints were mostly distributed on the head, face and neck region. The use frequency of five-shu points was the highest among the specific points. The acupoint combinations of high frequency referred to Yuye (EX-HN 13)-Jinjin (EX-HN 12), Yuye (EX-HN 13)-Lianquan (CV 23)-Jinjin (EX-HN 12), and Fengchi (GB 20)-Yuye (EX-HN 13)-Jinjin (EX-HN 12). Factor analysis extracted 10 common factors for acupoint compatibility in treatment of aphasia with acupuncture and moxibustion. CONCLUSION In clinical treatment of aphasia with acupuncture and moxibustion, the local acupoints are preferred. The core acupoints include Lianquan (CV 23), Jinjin (EX-HN 12), Yuye (EX-HN 13), Baihui (GV 20) and Yamen (GV 15). The acupoint prescription is modified flexibly according to syndrome differentiation to enhance the therapeutic effect.
Humans ; Moxibustion ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Meridians ; Data Mining ; Aphasia/therapy*

Psoraleae Fructus is the dried and mature fruit of the legume Psoralea corylifolia. It is warm in nature， pungent and bitter in flavor， and attributive to the kidney and spleen meridians. Its main effect include warming the kidney and assisting Yang， absorbing Qi and relieving asthma， warming the spleen and relieving diarrhea， etc.， and it also can for external use of eliminating wind and freckle. Clinically， Psoraleae Fructus is mainly used for the treatment of impotence due to kidney deficiency， soreness of waist and knees， vitiligo， etc. The existing studies have shown that Psoraleae Fructus has a variety of pharmacological effect， such as anti-tumor， anti-oxidant， anti-bacterial， anti-inflammatory， promoting bone growth and protecting cardiovascular. But at the same time， many studies at home and abroad have found that taking Psoraleae Fructus and its compounds for a long time or in large doses can cause liver toxicity， phototoxicity， nephrotoxicity， etc. The most common is liver toxicity， most of the clinical reports on the toxicity of psoralen are caused by drug-induced liver injury events， which limits the clinical use of Psoraleae Fructus and can't exert its proper therapeutic effect. Therefore， it is particularly important to fully understand the toxicological mechanism of liver injury caused by Psoraleae Fructus and its attenuation methods. In this paper， by consulting the domestic and foreign related literatures in recent years that reported the hepatotoxicity of Psoraleae Fructus， the four aspects of clinical report on liver injury， hepatotoxic components， toxicological mechanisms and attenuation methods of Psoraleae Fructus were reviewed， including bile acid stasis and oxidative stress. The hepatotoxicity of Psoraleae Fructus was discussed in terms of reaction， mitochondrial damage， liver fat deformation， etc.， and the attenuation methods of Psoraleae Fructus were summarized from the aspects of compatibility attenuation and processing attenuation， aiming to comprehensively and objectively clarify Psoraleae Fructus. The potential toxicological mechanism of lipid-induced hepatotoxicity and research progress in attenuation were expected to provide a theoretical basis for further study of Psoraleae Fructus hepatotoxicity and clinical rational use of drugs.

ObjectiveThis paper aims to analyze the current status of outcome indicators in randomized controlled trials （RCT） of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） for treating chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG）， so as to provide references for constructing the core outcome set （COS） of TCM in the treatment of CAG. MethodChina National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang， VIP， SinoMed， PubMed， Embase， and Cochrane Library databases were searched for RCTs of TCM in the treatment of CAG in the last five years. The risk of bias of included studies was evaluated， and the selection status of outcome indicators was statistically analyzed. ResultA total of 150 RCTs were included， with a sample size of 44-398 cases. 164 outcome indicators were reported， with an application frequency of 1 229 times. The outcome indicators were classified into seven indicator domains according to functional attributes， followed by physical and chemical examination （69.41%）， TCM syndrome （12.69%）， symptoms and signs （11.15%）， safety indicators （5.37%）， quality of life （0.65%）， long-term prognosis （0.65%）， and economic evaluation （0.08%）. According to the statistical analysis， there were problems in the selection of outcome indicators in RCTs of TCM for treating CAG， including various indicators， non-standard name reports， unclear primary and secondary indicators， random combination of subjective and objective indicators， neglected patient report outcome indicators， missing long-term prognosis and economic indicators， insufficient reporting of safety indicators， and inconsistent measurement tools and measurement time points. ConclusionIn the past five years， there have been many problems in the selection of outcome indicators in RCTs of TCM for treating CAG. It is necessary to actively promote the construction of the COS of TCM in the treatment of CAG and promote the high-quality development of clinical research of TCM.

Acute pancreatitis （AP） is one of the most common digestive system diseases in clinic. Its pathogenesis is complex and has not yet been fully clarified. It easily progresses to severe AP if the treatment is not provided in time， and the resulting condition is dangerous with high mortality. Intestinal mucosal barrier （IMB） injury is the key link leading to the aggravation of AP. The IMB injury in the late stage of AP promotes the translocation of harmful intestinal bacteria， the entry of bacteria and the produced endotoxins into blood circulation triggers endotoxemia and enterogenous infection，causing multiple organ failure and even death. Western medicine has limitations in the treatment of IMB injury induced by AP. By contrast， Chinese medicine has been proved effective and reliable in repairing the IMB injury induced by AP through oral administration and external application，and has been widely recognized by physicians and patients. AP falls into the categories of "precordial pain due to spleen disorder"， "thoracic accumulation"， and "pancreas-heat syndrome" in traditional Chinese medicine. The main causes of AP are excessive intake of sweet and greasy food， improper diet， and cholelithiasis， which lead to damp-heat accumulation in the middle energizer， stagnation of spleen and stomach， and obstruction of fu-organ intestine. Therefore， dredging the interior， purging， clearing heat， removing toxin， moving Qi， and activating blood should be emphasized in treatment. According to the related literature both in China and abroad in the past five years， this paper summarized the action mechanisms of Chinese medicine in the treatment of AP-induced IMB injury as follows： It protects the mechanical barrier by improving intestinal microcirculation disorders， relieving intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury and oxidative stress response， reducing the release of inflammatory mediators and cytokines， and inhibiting the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. It restores the chemical barrier by promoting gastrointestinal functional recovery and shortening enteral nutrition time. It improved the biological barrier by regulating intestinal microecological imbalance. It reinforces the immune barrier by adjusting the level of immune cells. This paper reviewed the characteristics of IMB injury in AP as well as its therapeutic principles and mechanisms with Chinese medicine， aiming to provide a theoretical and scientific basis for the in-depth study and rational application of Chinese medicine for the treatment of IMB injury in AP.

Objective:To investigate the molecular mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Tang in improving cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Method:Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, Buyang Huanwu Tang low and high dose (13, 26 g·kg^-1·d^-1) group. According to 10 mL·kg^-1, the drug was administered twice a day for 7 days. The subarachnoid hemorrhage model was made by double occipital pool injection method. The neurological function scores of rats in each group were evaluated at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. The diameter of basilar artery was measured by hematoxylin-eosin (HE)staining. The expressions of phosphp-phosphoinositide 3-kinases(p-PI3K), phosphp-protein kinase B(p-Akt),endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS) protein in basilar artery brain tissue were detected by Western blot. The expression of nitric oxide(NO) and endothelin-1(ET-1) in rat cerebrospinal fluid was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result:Compared with sham operation group, the neurological function scores of the model group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), the diameter of the basilar artery was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and The expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, eNOS, nNOS proteins of the basilar artery brain tissue were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The level of NO in the cerebrospinal fluid was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the ET-1 was significantly increased (P<0.05).Compared with model group, the different doses in Buyang Huanwu Tang group (26,13 g·kg^-1·d^-1) increased the neurological function scores 3 to 5 days after treatment, and the basilar artery diameter was significant increased (P<0.05).The expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt and eNOS protein was significantly increased (P<0.05).The level of NO was significantly increased (P<0.05), and ET-1 was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with low-dose group, the neurological scores of high-dose group were significantly increased after 7 days of treatment with Buyang Huanwu Tang (P<0.05), and the diameter of the basilar artery was significantly increased (P<0.05), p-PI3K, The expression of p-Akt and eNOS protein was higher (P<0.05), the increase of NO was more obvious (P<0.05), the decrease of ET-1 was more significant (P<0.05). Conclusion:The protective effect of Buyang Huanwu Tang on cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage may be related to up-regulation of p-PI3K, p-Akt and eNOS expression in PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway, thereby increasing NO production.

Membranous nephropathy， an autoimmune kidney disease with glomerular podocyte injury as the core mechanism， is a common pathological type of adult nephrotic syndrome and has become the main cause of end-stage renal disease in China. Podocytes are terminally differentiated cells that play an important role in maintaining the structural and functional stability of glomeruli and are molecular barriers for protein filtration. Glomerular filtration membrane injury induced by podocyte injury is an important cause of massive proteinuria. Persistent or aggravated proteinuria may prolong the course of membranous nephropathy. It is believed that podocyte destruction in membranous nephropathy is mainly related to oxidative stress， autophagy dysregulation， abnormal expression of podocyte marker proteins， chronic inflammation， epithelial-mesenchymal cell transdifferentiation， and so on. At present， western medicine mostly uses immunosuppressants and hormones for treatment according to its pathological stage， but there are certain adverse reactions. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has made some achievements in the prevention and treatment of membranous nephropathy. In recent years， studies have found that many Chinese medicines can affect the occurrence and development of membranous nephropathy in different links by acting on multiple targets in the human body， with manifest advantages. This paper overviewed the podocyte injury mechanism in membranous nephropathy and summarized the treatment of membranous nephropathy with Chinese medicine monomers， compounds， and Chinese patent medicines in intervening related target pathways， aiming to provide a basis for the clinical treatment， basic research， and targeted drug development of TCM against membranous nephropathy.

AIM: To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Danlou tablet on retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury(RIRI)in mice.METHODS: A total of 40 ApoE-/- mice were fed with high fat diet for 6 wk, and the RIRI model was established by anterior chamber infusion of pressurized saline. The mice were divided into control group(normal saline for 8 wk), RIRI model group(normal saline for 8 wk), and low-, medium-, and high-dose Danlou tablets groups [1, 2, and 4 g/(kg·d), respectively, for 8 wk]. The morphological changes of retina were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining, retinal cell apoptosis was detected by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated Nick-End Labeling(TUNEL)staining. The Western-blot assay was used to detect the expression of retinal tissue sample Kelch-like ech-associated protein 1(Keap1), nuclear factor E2 related factor 2(Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1(HO-1), and superoxide dismutase(Sod2)proteins.RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the mouse retina was atrophic with thinning thickness and increasing cell apoptosis, down-regulation of Sod2 protein expression, and up-regulation of Keap1 protein expression in the RIRI model group(all P<0.01). Compared with the RIRI model group, the retinal thickness increased in the medium- and high-dose of Danlou tablets groups(all P<0.01), and the cell apoptosis of retina decreased in the low-, medium- and high-dose of Danlou tablets groups(all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the expression of Keap1 and HO-1 proteins of mouse retina tissue in the low-dose of Danlou tablets group(P>0.05). The expression of Sod2, Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins up regulated, and the expression of Keap1 protein down regulated in the medium- and high-dose of Danlou tablets groups(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Danlou tablet can alleviate RIRI-induced atrophy and thinning of retina and retinal cell apoptosis by regulating Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway and reducing oxidative stress.

To explore the regulating effect of acupuncture on pain based on the three dimensions of pain (pain sensation, pain emotion and pain cognition). The pain sensation is related to the body, the pain emotion is related to the seven emotions, the pain cognition is related to the mind of the five zang, and the three dimensions of pain interact with each other. Through the two ways of "regulating qi to treat mind" and "treating mind to regulate qi ", acupuncture comprehensively acts on pain sensation, pain emotion and pain cognition to achieve comprehensive regulation of pain.
Humans ; Acupuncture Analgesia ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Emotions ; Cognition ; Pain

As of 2020， there are more than 120 million diabetic patients in China. Diabetic wounds is one of the common complications of diabetes with increasing incidence and has the potential to cause disability and mortality. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a long history in treating diabetic wounds， demonstrating significant efficacy and safety. In recent years， increasing researchers have explored the mechanisms of polysaccharides from TCM in the repair of diabetic wounds. Polysaccharides are the main active ingredients of TCM and employ one or more blood sugar-lowering mechanisms. However， most studies focus on the repair mechanism of single polysaccharides， and there is little in-depth discussion and summary. To provide a new therapy for diabetic wounds， which meets international standards and has the characteristics of TCM， and provide reference for the clinical treatment of diabetic wounds， we reviewed relevant literature to summarize the mechanisms of TCM polysaccharides in treating diabetic wounds. The mechanisms include inhibiting inflammation to improve wound microenvironment， lowering blood sugar， promoting fibroblast migration and proliferation， regulating wound growth factor to promote angiogenesis， inhibiting oxidative stress response， and regulating immune function. Finally， we put forward some possible research directions in the future.