Because of their unique neno-structures and outstanding mechanical,thermodynamic,and magnetic properties,carbon nanotubes have attracted intensive interests in the field of stomatology,especially in the research of composite materials,such as toughened ceramic,reinforced polymethyl methacrylate,etc.In this paper,the current and prospective applications of carbon nanotubes in stomatology were reviewed.Also some comments were made on the existing problems and prospects of the relative research were discussed.

Objective:To compare the formula of codeine phosphate tablets produced by two enterprises. Methods: IC50 of the tablets and raw material of codeine phosphate, and the excipients from two enterprises was detected respectively. Results:IC50 of the tablets from A enterprise was 0. 169 mg·ml-1 , that from B enterprise was 0. 140 mg·ml-1 , and the difference was statistically sig-nificant(P<0. 05). IC50 of the raw material from the two enterprises showed no notable difference (P>0. 05). Conclusion: The difference in cytotoxicity of codeine phosphate tablets is manly induced by the excipients, and the products from A enterprise are better than those from B enterprise.

Objective: To explore the dignositic characteristics of coronary heart disease (CHD) in perimenopausal women. Methods: The clinical data of 180 patients suspected of CHD were retrospectively analyzed. The risk factors of CHD,clinical characteristics of chest pain, routine electrocardiography,ambulatory electrocardiography and coronary artery angiography (CAA) were compared between perimenopause group and control group. Results: The incidence of CHD increased significantly in control group(13.5%, 10/76) compared to perimenopause group (43.3%, 45/104, P

Objective To explore the relationship between insluin resistance(IR)and plasma fibrinogen, blood lipids levels in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GMD).Methods Totally 127cases pregnant women in their 24 -28 gestational weeks were divided into GDM group(n =37),gestational impaired glucose tolerance test (GIGT)group(n =30)and normal glucose tolerance(NGT)group(n =60)based on the American Diabetes Associ-ation(ADA)2009 GDMdiagnostic standards.All selected cases's height,weight,fasting blood glucose (FBG),fasting insulin (FIN),blood lipids and fibrinogen(FIB)level were tested,and their body mass index(BMI)and IR index (HOMA -IR)were calculated.Results During the mid -trimester,the levels of BMI,FIB,HOMA -IR,FBG,FIN, triglyceride (TG),cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein -cholesterol (LDL -C)in the GDM group were signifi-cantly higher than the GIGT and NGT groups.However,high density lipoprotein -cholesterol (HDL -C)was signifi-cantly lower (F =69.29,98.15,70.32、141.43、61.92,106.06,157.06,90.59,25.25,all P <0.01).FIB was sig-nificantly positively correlated with BMI,FBG,FIN,HOMA -IR,TC,TG,LDL - C (r =0.441,0.682,0.506, 0.599,0.493,0.591,0.633,all P <0.01 ),and negatively correlated with HDL -C(r =-0.419,P <0.01 ).Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that BMI,LDL -C,FBG and TG were independent risk factors affect-ing FIB(t =7.683,2.678,3.184,3.844,all P <0.01);FIB,BMI,FBG,FIN and TC were independent risk factors influencing HOMA -IR(t =68.784,3.201,29.702,58.100,2.904,all P <0.01).Conclusion Pregnant women have IR and blood lipid disorders during the mid -trimester,the overexpression of FIB is closely related to it.

Objective To develop a new type of electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA ) . Methods Double layers of self‐assembly immunosensor for the detection of OTA were constructed based on the composite single‐walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)/chitosan(CS) membrane immobilized on glassy carbon electrode(GC) .Scanning electron mi‐croscopy(SEM) ,square wave voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry were used to analyze the characterization of the sensor ,then its specificity for detection was studied .Results SWNTs/CS composit membrane could increase the sensitivity of OTA detection sig‐nificantly ,and effectively distinguish the different types of mycotoxins .Conclusion The electrochemical immunosensor developed in the study is easy to operate and could detect OTA rapidly with good specificity and low detection limit .

Objective To expand the application of electrochemical immunosensor during deleting aflatoxin B1 in foods and feeds through analyzing impacts of the time of antibody incubation and sample preparation .Methods T he double self-assembly immu-nosensor combined with aflatoxin B1 and carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) was characterized by cyclic volta-mmetry and impacts of the time of antibody incubation and sample preparation methods were investigated .Results The signal in-creased gradually following the increasing time of antibody incubation and reached a plateau at 90 min and sample preparation meth-ods showed a comparatively large impact on results .Additionally ,the crude extractions purified through removing interfering com-pounds by immunoaffinity column could effectively eliminate the interference effects of sample matrix .Conclusion Deleting aflatox-in B1 by electrochemical immunosensor is characterized by various features ,such as fast ,simple and low detection limits .The pres-ent study shows that stability of the electrochemical immunosensor is affected by the time of antibody incubation and sample prepa-ration .

Objective To explore the psychological stressors of pregnant women with chronic HBV infection.Methods Using phenomenological method of qualitative study,there were 9 pregnant women with chronic HBV infection participated in the study and their mental stress was investigated by deep interview.Results Five main psychological stressors of pregnant women with chronic HBV infection emerged:fear of children being infected; anxious about giving birth in the hospital for infectious diseases; having no idea of selecting the mode of delivery and feeding pattern; worrying about their own health; to feel nervous about playing the role of mothers.Conclusions Healthcare workers should make appropriate health guidance and psychological supports to alleviate the psychological distress combined with features of pregnant women with HBV infection.At the same time,it is necessary to make change of public misunderstanding of hepatitis B,so as to create a fair and friendly social atmosphere for all the hepatitis B patients.

Objective:To study the mechanisms of immune suppression mediated by Gr-1+CDllb+ myeloid derived suppressor cells (Gr-1~+CDllb~+MDSC)from tumor-bearing mice.Methods:Gr-1~+CDllb~+MDSC recruited into spleen and bone marrow of tumor-bearing mice were purified by Percoll,and suppression mediated by MDSC on T cell proliferation from spleen of naive mice was detected by flow cytometry with CSFE and FTTC-anti CD3 staining,and NO,ROS,IL-10 and TGF-β in the supematant of MDSC were detected by Griess and ELISA.Results:There were much more Gr-1~+CDllb~+MDSCs in spleen and bone marrow from tumor-bearing mouse than those of naive mouse,and suppression on T cell proliferation mediated by MDSC from tumor beating mouse was significantly increased,and there were much more NO,ROS,IL-10 and TGF-βin the supematant of these MDSC than that from naive mouse.Conclusion:MDSC from tumor-bearing mice secreted hish level of NO,ROS,IL-10 and TGF-βto induce immune suppression,and inhibite the proliferation of T cells.

Objective To investigate the roles of a epoprostenol(PGI2) analog (Iloprost) in regulating the differentiation of CD4+ T cells to Treg cells and the possible mechanism.Methods Naǐve CD4+ T cells were isolated from human peripheral blood samples by using the magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) and then cultured under Treg-polarizing condition.The percentages of Treg cells and the expression of Foxp3 at mRNA level were respectively measured by using flow cytometry and RT-PCR for evaluation the effects of Iloprost on the differentiation of CD4+ T cells to Treg cells.The cAMP accumulation assay was used to detect the level of intracellular cAMP.Flow cytometry analysis was performed to detect the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5).Results lloprost decreased the percentage of Treg cells and inhibited the expression of Foxp3 at mRNA level in a dose dependent manner (P＜0.05).However,the inhibitory effects of Iloprost were weakened when IP receptors were blocked by IP antagonist (CAY10449).A six-fold increase in the levels of intracellular cAMP in Treg cells was induced by Iloprost (P＜0.05) and a similar effect could be achieved by using a cAMP agonist,db-cAMP (P＞0.05).H-89,a protein kinase A inhibitor,inhibited the Iloprost-induced expression of cAMP in Treg cells.Moreover,Iloprost inhibited the IL-2 mediated phosphorylation of STAT5 (P＜0.05) and a similar effect could be achieved by using db-cAMP (P＞0.05).The Iloprost-mediated down-regulation of pSTAT5 was blocked by using H-89.Conclusion PGI2 could activate the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway by binding to the IP receptor,resulting in inhibited phosphorylation of STAT5 and suppressed differentiation of naǐve CD4+ T cells to Treg cells.

Objective To study factors used to predict 30-day mortality and favorable outcomes to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in young adult subjects and to estimate the reliability of these predictors.Methods Data of 175 acute ICH patients selected from 201 patients admitted to our hospital from 2008 to 2011 were reviewed retrospectively.Patients were assessed with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and routine laboratory examinations after admission.Independent predictors of 30-day mortality or good outcome (modified Rankin score,0-2) were identified by stepwise logistic regression.Results There were 90 male and 85 female,and 142 survivals and 33 deaths.The modified Rankin score (mRS) of survival group was ＜6 and mRS =6 in death group,and mRS ＜3 in good outcome group and mRS ＞ or =3 in poor outcome group.Independent factors for 30-day mortality were hypertension (P =0.023) or hyperglycemia (P =0.007),infra-tentorial ICH (P =0.000),large ICH volume (P =0.008),low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores (P =0.000),high white blood cell count (P =0.000),higher blood glucose level (P =0.039) and prothrombin time (PT) (P =0.001) after admission.Independent factors for 30-day good outcome were younger age (P =0.001),normal blood pressure (P=0.010) or absence of hyperglycemia (P=0.028),lower NIHSS scores (P=0.000),small ICH volume (P =0.000),low white blood cell (WBC) count (P =0.000),lower blood glucose level (P =0.012) or lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) level (P =0.000) at admission.The NIHSS score and GCS score were excellent predictors,while the SBP level,WBC count and ICH volume were fine predictors.Conclusions Overall prognostic factors should be integrated to get high reliabilities for predicting the outcomes of ICH in young people.