Objective To study the effects of acarbose combined with metformin in the treatment of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and its effects on levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and serum cystatin C.Methods 76 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into observation group and control group according to the order of admission.The control group was treated with metfonnin,the observation group was treated with acarbose combined with metformin.The levels of blood glucose and serum cystatin C before and after treatment in the two groups were compared.The clinical efficacy and side effects were analyzed.Results After treatment,the total effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group[89.47％ (34/38) vs.63.16％ (24/38)] (x2 =7.280,P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin,postprandial blood glucose,fasting blood glucose and serum cystatin C in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group[(6.78 ±0.81)％,(7.01 ±0.22)mmol/L,(5.12 ±0.32)mmol/L,(0.82 ±0.11)mg/L vs.(7.99 ±0.85) ％,(9.49 ± 0.61) mmol/L,(7.32 ± 0.54) mmol/L,(1.41 ± 0.22) mg/L] (t =6.353,23.576,21.606,14.787,all P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of adverse reaction between the observation group and the control group [15.79％ (6/38) vs.13.16％ (5/38)] (x2 =0.106,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Acarbose combined with metformin can effectively reduce the levels of glycated hemoglobin and serum cystatin C in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.The clinical efficacy is good and the adverse reaction rate is low.

Objective To study the effect of danshao shugan granule combined with metformin in treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver and its effects on lipid and uric acid metabolism.Methods 80 patients of nonalcoholic fatty liver who received therapy from February 2014 to February 2015 in our hospital were selected as research objects.According to random number table,those patients were divided into the observation group (n=40) cases in each group and the control group (n=40).The control group was treated with metformin, while the observation group was treated with danshao shugan granule combined with metformin.Then blood lipid level, FBG, FINS, IR, SUA level, SOD, MDA level, therapeutic effect of two groups after treatment were compared.Results After treatment, TG,TC in observation group was significantly less than the control group (P<0.05); FBG, FINS, IR, SUA levels in the observation group were significantly lower than the control group ( P<0.05 ); SOD level higher than the control group, MDA level significantly less than the control group (P<0.05); The total effective rate of observation group was statistically higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Danshao shugan granule combined with metformin is well for nonalcoholic fatty liver,which can improve the glucose, lipid, uric acid metabolism and insulin resistance, and can protect the liver function.

Objective To observe the levels of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines of peripheral blood CD+4 T lymphocytes at different stage of treatment of colonic cancer,in order to find out the laboratory evidence of tumor immunotherapy.Methods The peripheral blood lymphocytes were stimulated by stimulator in order to enhance the expression of cytokines.Then specific fluorescent-conjugated monoclonal antibodies were added to combine with its specific antigens.Cytokines were detected by flow cytometry.Results At different stage of treatment of colonic cancer,the levels of Th1 type cytokines of each stage was significant.The levels of Th2 type cytokines at each stage were not significant.The IFN-γ//IL-4 ratio were significantly different during tumor immunothempy.Conclusion At different stage of treatment of colonic cancer,the levels of Th,type cytokines were obviously associated with treatment.The levels of Th2 type cytokines had no association with treatment.Among them,the changes of Th1/Th2 ratio (IFN-γ/IL-4) had more correlation with tumor immunotherapy.So the reasonable immunotherapy can reverse Th1/Th2 ratio and immune inhibition.

Objective:Effect of serum IL 2R on immunofunction were studied.Methods:Serum IL 2R and lymphocytic competence to PHA,IL 2,NK activity,LAK activity,subsets of T lymphocytes and delayed skin supersensitization were tested in four groups,including 30 normal controls,16 athletes,50 patients with lung cancer and 50 malignant lymphomas.The correlation between the tested immunofunction in each group were also studied.Results:In normal population,no correlations were found.Malignancies with high level of sIL 2R were negtively correlated with various immunofunctions,such ascytologic competence to IL 2,NK activity,LAK aitivity and number of CD 3.No significant correlation was found in cytologic competence to PHA and ratio of CD 4 and CD 8.Conclusion:sIL 2R is an important blocking factor for immunofunction,but under the interaction between various cytokines in the immunoregulatory network,its blockege is different with strong or week competence.

Objective To investigate the change of peripheral blooe T cell subsets,NK cells ane serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor(sIL-2R)concentration in patients with gastric cancer before ane after surgery,ane to uneerstane immune function status ane changes of perioperative gastric cancer patients. Methods One huneree ane thirty-five perioperative gastric cancer patients were selectee as our subjects who hospitalizee from May 2009 to May 2011 in Tumor Hospital of Shanxi Province,ane they were servee as treatment group,while 50 healthy subjects were selectee as controls. The number of CD3 + ,CD4 + ,CD8 + T cells,rate of CD4 + / CD8 +ane the NK cell ratio in blooe cells were eetectee by flow cytometry. ELIAS was appliee to measure serum sIL-2R concentration. Observee the above ineexes of control group at the same perioe,ane comparee the ineexes before operation of 1 e of the treatment group. Results The rate of NK cells,CD3 + T cells ane CD4 + / CD8 +ratio in patients at pre-operation were(10. 11 ± 3. 64)% ,(55. 60 ± 9. 61)% ,(30. 22 ± 6. 17)% ,1. 14 ± 0. 35,respectively,lower than that of control group(( 28. 39 ± 5. 81 )% ,( 68. 65 ± 7. 39 )% ,( 47. 87 ± 4. 85)% ,1. 82 ± 0. 24 respectively;t = - 5. 9,8. 6,8. 2,12. 7;P < 0. 01). CD8 + T positive rate of cells increasee from(27. 05 ± 7. 86)% to(34. 26 ± 6. 23)%(t = - 6. 5,P < 0. 01). At 14th eay after surgery,the cell immune function of the patients recoveree graeually,ane there were statistically significant eifferences in the above ineexes comparee with pre-operation(P < 0. 05). The eramatic changes were seen among patients with the late Gastric cancer TNM staging. Comparee with patients with stage Ⅳ,all above ineex were significant eifferent from that of patients with stageⅠ,Ⅱ(P < 0. 05),ane no significant eifferences was seen in patients with stageⅢ(P > 0. 05). The concentration of serum sIL-2R in patients with gastric cancer before operation was(575. 71 ± 34. 77)U/ L,higher than that of healthy persons((428. 26 ± 21. 77)U/ L,t = - 7. 9,P < 0. 01),ane serum sIL-2R levels in patients with stage Ⅲ,Ⅳ was lower than that of patients with stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ patients with low(P< 0. 05). Conclusion The immune function of patients with gastric carcinoma is relatee to tumor loae size ane eifferent pathological staging. The ineex of the ratio of NK cells ane T lymphocyte subsets,serum sIL-2R levels can be servee as ineicators for monitoring perioperative evaluation of prognosis of gastric cancer.

Objective To analyse the dysfunction of immunity and clinical significance in patients with cardiac cancer.Methods The level of CD4+ CD25hi CD127low Treg cells were detected by flow cytometry (FCM),and serum IL-10 and TGF-β1 levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit in 56 patients with cardiac cancer.15 healthy volunteers were tested as normal controls.The clinical data of each patient were collected and analyzed. Results There was a significantly higher percentage of CD4+ CD25hi CD127low Treg cells in patients with cardiac cancer (5.73±1.56)% than that (4.45±1.06)% of healthy volunteers (P<0.01).The IL-10 and TGF-β1 levels in the serum of patients with cardiac cancer were also significantly higher than that of healthy volunteers (P<0.05).There was a positive correlation between levels of IL-10.TGF-β1 and the levels of CD4+ CD25hi CD127low Treg cells.The number of CD4+ CD25hi CD127low regulatory T cells in the peripheral blood of cardiac cancer patients were significantly correlated with clinical stages and metastasis lymph node.Conclusion The CD4+ CD25hi CD127low Treg cells in the peripheral blood of cardiac cancer patients is significantly increased in comparison with that in healthy volunteers,and was also correlated with different stages.The abnormal levels of CD4+ CD25hi CD127low Treg cells may be related to tumor progression in patients with cardiac cancer.

Objective To explore the application value of high frequency ultrasound and MRI in knee osteoarthritis.Methods 94 patients with knee pain as the main clinical manifestations in our hospital from January to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent high-frequency ultrasound, MRI, and arthroscopy. The results of arthroscopy were used as the gold standard, and the signs of high-frequency ultrasound and MRI examinations were summarized and compared with the results of arthroscopy. The sensitivity and specificity between high-frequency ultrasound and MRI in the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis were compared. Results Consistency analysis showed that highfrequency ultrasound, MRI examination with arthroscopy consistent results were good (Kappa=0.63, 0.61, P<0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of high-frequency ultrasonography for knee osteoarthritis were 86.5％ and 85.0％, respectively, and the sensitivity and specificity of MRI was 89.2％ and 75.0％, respectively.The difference between high-frequency ultrasound and MRI was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion High-frequency ultrasound and MRI have good application value in the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis, and the results are consistent with that of arthroscopy.Compared with MRI, high-frequency ultrasound diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis has no difference in sensitivity and specificity, and can be used for routine screening of knee osteoarthritis.

Objective To investigate the effect of Aidi injection combined with chemotherapy on CD+4CDhi25CDlow127regulatory T (Treg) cells in peripheral blood of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods Sixty patients with advanced NSCLC were randomly divided into the study group (treated with Aidi injection combined with chemotherapy) and the control group (treated with chemotherapy).The levels of CD+4CDhi25CDlow127Treg cells were detected by flow cytometry (FCM), and TGF-β1 and IL-10 levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and after chemotherapy. A group consisted of 20 healthy persons was set up meanwhile.Results There was a significantly higher percentage of CD+4CDhi25CDlow127Treg cells in patients with NSCLC (5.77±1.50) % than that(3.84±0.96) % of healthy volunteers (P=0.000).The IL-10 and TGF-β1 levels[(24.09±6.74), (197.76±43.76) ng/ml]in the serum of patients with NSCLC were also significantly higher than that[(19.39±5.73), (141.13±32.17) ng/ml]of healthy volunteers (P =0.006,P =0.002). In control group, levels of CD+4CDhi25CDlow127 Treg cells were obviously lower than that before chemotherapy (P =0.048).Levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10[(22.25±6.79), (184.85±49.11) ng/ml]were slightly decreased, which showed no significant difference contrast to pretherapy[(24.37±8.10), (197.16±44.57) ng/ml](P =0.276, P =0.314).In study group, levels of CD+4CDhi25CDlow127Treg cells and TGF-β1, IL-10[(4.36±1.19) %,(20.16±4.73), (165.42±39.57) ng/ml]were obviously lower than that before chemotherapy[(5.78±1.50) %,(23.81±5.15), (198.35±43.68) ng/ml](P=0.000, P=0.003, P =0.006).Conclusion The CD+4CDhi25CDlow127 Treg cells in the peripheral blood of advanced NSCLC patients is significantly increased. Aidi injection combined with chemotherapy can obviously reduce the level of CD+4CDhi25CDlow127 Treg cells in patients with advanced NSCLC, and the combined therapy could improve the immune function of patients.

Objective To explore the main problems of ultrasonic quality management in Qinghai Province.Methods The ultrasound departments of 19 tertiary hospitals and 51 secondary hospitals in Qinghai Province were investigated.The x2 test was carried out to analyze the setting of departments,subspecialty,instrument status,ultrasonic quality control,workload,and personnel specialty and educational composition ratio.Results There was a statistically significant difference between tertiary and secondary hospitals in department settings,sub-specialty,instrument status,ultrasound quality control,workload,personnel specialty,and personnel qualifications (x2=30.49,38.208,36.87,7.913,28.518,7.111 and 322.363,respectively,P ＜ 0.01 for all).Conclusions The above-mentioned observation indexes are better in the 19 tertiary hospitals than in the 51 secondary hospitals in Qinghai Province.Strengthening construction from these aspects and improving ultrasound quality control management play an important role in improving the level of ultrasound diagnosis and promoting the homogeneity of ultrasound diagnosis.

【Objective】 To investigate the feasibility of using surface electromyography （SEMG） for the detection of abnormal muscle response （AMR） in patients with hemifacial spasm （HFS）. 【Methods】 We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of HFS patients who underwent microvascular decompression （MVD） in our hospital between June 2019 and December 2020. Patients who received both surface electrode （preoperative） and needle electrode （intraoperative） detection of AMR were included. SEMG recorded from two stimulation-recording sites， namely， zygomatic-mentalis and mandibular marginal-orbicularis oculi， was selected for analyzing the characteristics of AMR. The positive rates of AMR detected by these two kinds of electrodes were comprehensively compared. 【Results】 Totally 77 patients were included in this study. When detected with surface electrodes， the positive rate， latency and amplitude of AMR recorded at zygomatic-mentalis oculi were 90.9% （70/77）， （10.87±1.86） ms and （202.8±47.4） μV， and at mandibular marginal-orbicularis oculi were 92.2% （71/77）， （10.41±1.83） ms and （211.1±54.1） μV， respectively. AMR was detected in 74 patients （96.1%） with surface electrodes. There was no significant difference in positive rate， latency and amplitude of AMR between these two stimulation-recording methods. When detected with needle electrodes， the positive rate of AMR recorded at zygomatic-mentalis oculi was 98.7% （76/77）， which was significantly higher than the rate 89.6% （69/77） recorded at mandibular marginal-orbicularis oculi （P=0.016）. The latency and amplitude of AMR recorded at zygomatic-mentalis were （10.63±1.39） ms and （83.5±27.2） μV， and at mandibular marginal-orbicularis oculi were （10.31±1.18） ms and （58.6±21.4） μV. There was no significant difference in latency between the two stimulation-recording methods， but the amplitude recorded at mandibular marginal-orbicularis oculi was significantly lower （P=0.041）. AMR was detected in 76 patients （98.7%） with needle electrodes. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of AMR between surface electrodes and needle electrodes （P=0.500）， the results were moderately consistent （Kappa=0.490， P<0.001）. 【Conclusion】 The detection efficiency of surface electrodes for AMR is similar to that of needle electrode. With its non-invasive characteristic， the surface electrode can be routinely used for electrophysiological evaluation of HFS.